Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for operating a traveling wave linear accelerator to generate stable electron beams at two or more different intensities by varying the number of electrons injected into the accelerator structure during each pulse by varying the electron beam current applied to an electron gun. The electron beams may be used to generate x-rays having selected doses and energies, which may be used for cargo scanning or radiotherapy applications.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to systems and methods for interleaving operation of a standing wave linear accelerator (LINAC) for use in providing electrons of at least two different energy ranges, which can be contacted with x-ray targets to generate x-rays of at least two different energy ranges. The LINAC can be operated to output electrons at different energies by varying the power of the electromagnetic wave input to the LINAC, or by using a detunable side cavity which includes an activatable window.

Abstract: A system and method of detecting unidentified broadcast electronic media content using a self-similarity technique is presented. The process and system catalogues repeated instances of content that has not be positively identified, but are sufficiently similar as to infer repetitive broadcasts. These catalogued instances may be further processed on the basis of different broadcast channels, sources, geographic locations of broadcasts or format to further assist the identification thereof.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to systems and methods for fast-switching operating of a standing wave linear accelerator (LINAC) for use in generating x-rays of at least two different energy ranges with advantageously low heating of electronic switches. In certain embodiments, the heating of electronic switches during a fast-switching operation of the LINAC can be kept advantageously low through the controlled, timed activation of multiple electronic switches located in respective side cavities of the standing wave LINAC, or through the use of a modified a side cavity that includes an electronic switch.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for operating a traveling wave linear accelerator to generate stable electron beams at two or more different intensities by varying the number of electrons injected into the accelerator structure during each pulse by varying the width of the beam pulse, i.e., pulse width.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for operating a traveling wave linear accelerator to generate stable electron beams at two or more different intensities by varying the number of electrons injected into the accelerator structure during each pulse by varying the electron beam current applied to an electron gun.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to systems and methods for interleaving operation of a standing wave linear accelerator (LINAC) for use in providing electrons of at least two different energy ranges, which can be contacted with x-ray targets to generate x-rays of at least two different energy ranges. The LINAC can be operated to output electrons at different energies by varying the power of the electromagnetic wave input to the LINAC, or by using a detunable side cavity which includes an activatable window.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to systems and methods for fast-switching operating of a standing wave linear accelerator (LINAC) for use in generating x-rays of at least two different energy ranges with advantageously low heating of electronic switches. In certain embodiments, the heating of electronic switches during a fast-switching operation of the LINAC can be kept advantageously low through the controlled, timed activation of multiple electronic switches located in respective side cavities of the standing wave LINAC, or through the use of a modified a side cavity that includes an electronic switch.

Abstract: A condenser assembly is provided. The condenser includes a first tube-and-fin module having a first flat tube with a first group of microchannels formed parallelly therethrough. The condenser also includes a second tube-and-fin module arranged next to the first tube-and-fin module. The second tube-and-fin module includes a second flat tube with a second group of microchannels formed parallelly therethrough. The condenser further includes a bottom panel having a bottom group of microchannels. The bottom panel is sealingly coupled to the first and second flat tubes at one common end thereof. The bottom group of microchannels extends between and communicates with the first and second groups of microchannels defining a plurality of continuous passages.

Abstract: A method of detecting the identity of video programming is described, whereby known video programming is converted into a set of pattern vectors stored in a database and incoming detected video programming is converted into a set of pattern vectors that are used to search the database for matching pattern vectors indicating a match with the known video programming.

Abstract: A hand operated router having a base, with a portion that is transparent. Disposed within the base is at least one light emitting source, where the light emitting source is designed to partially emit light towards a workpiece. The light emitting source may be battery operated or may receive power from the same source as the router.

Abstract: A system and method of detecting unidentified broadcast electronic media content using a self-similarity technique is presented. The process and system catalogues repeated instances of content that has not be positively identified, but are sufficiently similar as to infer repetitive broadcasts. These catalogued instances may be further processed on the basis of different broadcast channels, sources, geographic locations of broadcasts or format to further assist the identification thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a heat exchanger tube for a heating system, which is suitable for any kinds of heating systems mounted in doors. The heat exchanger tube comprises a tube body, in which a plurality of lobes are formed on an outside surface of the tube body around the peripheral of the tube body and a plurality of ribs are formed on an outside surface of the tube body along the length of the tube body. Each of the ribs is inclined with respect to the longitude axis of the tube body by an angle of about 15 degree. The advantages of the present invention are in that: 1. the ribs could increase the heat exchanging surface; 2. the lobes could increase the heat radiating surface; and 3. as the heat exchanger tube is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, the heating medium would not be polluted by rust generated in iron tubes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiator or condenser used in an air conditioning system. The radiator comprises at least one radiator unit, wherein the radiator unit includes at least two lobes, two of the at least two lobes facing to and hermetically attaching to each other, and at least one through hole disposed in the middle part of the two lobes along the height thereof. The present invention also provides a radiator unit or condenser unit used to form the radiator or condenser.

Abstract: This invention relates to the automatic detection and identification of broadcast programming, for example music, speech or video that is broadcast over radio, television, the Internet or other media. “Broadcast” means any readily available source of content, whether now known or hereafter devised, including streaming, peer to peer delivery or detection of network traffic. A known program is registered by deriving a numerical code for each of many short time segments during the program and storing the sequence of numerical codes and a reference to the identity of the program. Detection and identification of an input signal occurs by similarly extracting the numerical codes from it and comparing the sequence of detected numerical codes against the stored sequences. Testing criteria is applied that optimizes the rate of correct detections of the registered programming. Other optimizations in the comparison process are used to expedite the comparison process.

Abstract: A system and method of detecting unidentified broadcast electronic media content using a self-similarity technique is presented. The process and system catalogues repeated instances of content that has not be positively identified, but are sufficiently similar as to infer repetitive broadcasts. These catalogued instances may be further processed on the basis of different broadcast channels, sources, geographic locations of broadcasts or format to further assist the identification thereof.

Abstract: A reduced size RF signal and ground electrode interface is configured to provide better field confinement of dominant coplanar waveguide mode in the propagation direction and reduce coupling RF energy into a substrate beneath the launch, while matching the impedance of the launch to both that of the coplanar microwave electrode structure overlying the interaction region, and that of the external RF connection to the launch. In ground plane embodiments, an underlying ground plane provides better modal confinement of the dominant coplanar waveguide mode and precludes coupling of RF power to the substrate under the launch. In other embodiments, finite width electrodes provide better modal transition and mitigate against coupling to substrate modes, while providing a pad geometry that facilitates connections to external transmission line components.

Abstract: A toy magnet is shaped to generally resemble a horseshoe magnet. The legs of the toy are in a U shape, with an enclosed handle area attached to a top end of the magnet section. A central section of the toy contains the power source, a battery pack. The handle area includes an activation switch and an LED display to indicate when the toy is energized so as to be in magnetic mode. Each leg of the toy contains an electromagnetic module. The electromagnetic module comprises a U-shaped iron core, with each leg of the iron core wrapped with a conductive wire winding. The conformation of the electromagnetic modules provides a large amount of windings in a small overall area, so that the magnetic field created is a strong and effective one.

Abstract: A high efficiency heat sink comprising a U-shaped copper tube and a press-formed sealed vacuum vessel formed of pure copper sheet. The sealed vacuum vessel contains fibers that are strongly absorbent and are impregnated with a refrigerant. The thermal energy effect of the surface with which the inhibited glycol refrigerant employed by the present invention is in contact causes the glycol to vaporize and ascend into the orifice of the U-shaped copper tube. A fan causes the orifice of the U-shaped copper tube of the evaporator to cool and condenses the vapor to liquid, and the liquid flows back again into the sealed vacuum vessel, thus forming a cyclic type heat exchanger and achieving the optimum heat dispersal effect.

Abstract: A co-planar waveguide interferometric electro-optic modulator is disclosed. A Z-cut lithium niobate electro-optic substrate includes a first and second waveguide that are formed in the lithium niobate electro-optic substrate. An elongate RF electrode at least partially covers one of the waveguides. A slotted electrode is disclosed formed by two elongate substantially-parallel electrodes one of which is at least partially covers the other of the waveguides. At least one electrode is substantially greater, preferably at least twice the width of the elongate RF electrode.