Abstract: The optical encoder according to the present disclosure includes a light receiving part formed with a plurality of first patterns, and a scale formed with second patterns and moving relative to the light receiving part, wherein at least one of the first pattern and the second pattern is formed in a bent band shape to obtain an electric signal of reliable sinusoidal wave shape.

Abstract: An apparatus being capable of quickly removing noise from a partial discharge signal generated from the electrical power facility such as a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) and the like, and an apparatus for detecting a partial discharge generated section. The apparatus for removing noise from a partial discharge signal comprises a PD signal detection unit configured to detect a PD signal of the power facility and to detect and output peaks of the PD signal in respective preset time intervals, a noise signal detection unit configured to detect a noise signal outside the power facility and to detect and output peaks of the noise signal in the respective preset time intervals, and a noise removal unit configured to eliminate the peaks of the PD signal output in time intervals identical to those in which the peaks of the noise signal detection unit are output.

Abstract: Provided herein are bacterial strains that are capable of degrading nitrite and/or TSNAs. Also provided herein are methods of using such bacterial strains to degrade nitrite and/or TSNAs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a conditioner for a CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) pad, which is used in a CMP process which is part of the fabrication of a semiconductor device, and more particularly, to a CMP pad conditioner in which the structure of the cutting tips is such that the change in the wear of the polishing pad is not great even when different kinds of slurry are used and when there are changes in pressure of the conditioner, and to a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A pad conditioning disk, a pre-conditioning unit, and a CMP apparatus having the same are provided. The pad conditioning disk includes a base in which mountain-type tips and valley-type grooves are repeatedly connected to each other, and a cutting layer formed on the base layer. The cutting layer including conditioning particles deposited on surfaces of the tips and grooves. A surfaces roughness of conditioning particles deposited on the surfaces of the tips is less than a surface roughness of conditioning particles deposited on the surfaces of the grooves.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a counter electrode based on electrophoretic deposition of graphene. The method includes: adding graphene to a dispersion medium to prepare a graphene dispersion; dipping a transparent electrode in the graphene dispersion and applying a voltage to the transparent electrode for 5 seconds to 5 minutes to deposit the graphene on the transparent electrode; and annealing the graphene-adsorbed transparent electrode at 350 to 600° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. Also disclosed are a counter electrode produced by the method and a dye-sensitized solar cell including the counter electrode.

Abstract: A polishing pad may include a base and a plurality of polishing protrusions on a surface of the base. Each polishing protrusion may include a sidewall defining an opening in a surface of the polishing protrusion opposite the base. In addition, portions of the sidewall opposite the base may define a contact surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic substance holder, which includes a permanent magnet, a pole piece coupling one of N and S poles of the permanent magnet and having a holding surface, a magnetizable material having an end surface contacting the pole piece, a coil surrounding the magnetizable material, and a control device controlling electric current flowing through the coil to control the magnetization of the magnetizable material. According to the present invention, optimal holding force can be realized for the same area, and the magnetic substance holder can be readily expanded to a module or be miniaturized according to the size of the interior of a device on which the magnet holder is installed, and can be widely applied to various equipment used in the industrial field such as lifts, chucks, locking devices, applied machines, and robots.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbonaceous nanocomposite including: a substrate; a graphene sheet formed on a top surface of the substrate in parallel with the substrate; and a carbonaceous nanomaterial provided on another surface of the graphene sheet, the nanomaterial having an aspect ratio of 2 to 75,000 to make a predetermined angle with the graphene sheet. The carbonaceous nanocomposite according to the present disclosure has excellent adhesivity to the substrate and can be attached to the substrate without undergoing a pasting process. Since a two-directional current flow is generated, the electrical resistance of the graphene and carbon nanotube is considerably reduced. In addition, the graphene allows the carbon nanotube to have a high current density and a high specific surface area, thereby accelerating a redox reaction. The excellent heat-radiating property of the graphene sheet allows fast transfer of heat generated in the carbon nanotube to outside, thereby avoiding degradation of the carbon nanotube.

Abstract: A heat exchanger washing device includes a wash water storage chamber to store wash water in a case, a wash water injection chamber to jet the wash water stored in the wash water storage chamber to a heat exchanger, and a bypass path unit to guide the wash water jetted from the wash water injection chamber to a side surface of the heat exchanger after bypassing an upper surface of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A water level sensor is closely adhered to a storage tank, and a heat exchanger sterilizing and humidifying apparatus allows the water level sensor to be mounted at the outside of the storage tank, thus having a simple configuration. The water level sensor may include a holder, a cap connected to the holder so as to reciprocate within the holder, a case connected to the cap so as to reciprocate within the holder, a sensor part attached to the case to sense the water level in the storage tank, and a spring located between the holder and the cap, wherein the sensor part mounted at the outside of the storage tank and attached to the case by restoring force of the spring when the storage tank contacts the case may be closely adhered to the storage tank and thus may sense a level of water stored in the storage tank.

Abstract: A pad conditioning disk, a pre-conditioning unit, and a CMP apparatus having the same are provided. The pad conditioning disk includes a base in which mountain-type tips and valley-type grooves are repeatedly connected to each other, and a cutting layer formed on the base layer. The cutting layer including conditioning particles deposited on surfaces of the tips and grooves. A surfaces roughness of conditioning particles deposited on the surfaces of the tips is less than a surface roughness of conditioning particles deposited on the surfaces of the grooves.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for removing the partial discharge (PD) noise of an electrical power facility that is capable of quickly removing noise from a partial discharge signal generated from the electrical power facility such as a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) and the like, and an apparatus for detecting a partial discharge generated section.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a hard mask pattern over a substrate, forming a protection layer by transforming a portion of a sidewall of the hard mask pattern, forming a trench by etching the substrate using the hard mask pattern and the protection layer as an etch barrier, forming an isolation layer by filling the trench with an insulation material, removing the hard mask pattern, and performing a cleaning process. By forming the protection layer, it is possible to prevent the isolation layer from being lost during the removing of the hard mask pattern and the cleaning process and thus prevent generation of a moat.

Abstract: A decoder, a memory system, and a physical position converting method thereof may detect whether an address count of an input address is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. A physical position of a semiconductor memory device corresponding to the input address may be converted if the address count is equal to or greater than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A polishing pad may include a base and a plurality of polishing protrusions on a surface of the base. Each polishing protrusion may include a sidewall defining an opening in a surface of the polishing protrusion opposite the base. In addition, portions of the sidewall opposite the base may define a contact surface.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a hard mask pattern over a substrate, forming a protection layer by transforming a portion of a sidewall of the hard mask pattern, forming a trench by etching the substrate using the hard mask pattern and the protection layer as an etch barrier, forming an isolation layer by filling the trench with an insulation material, removing the hard mask pattern, and performing a cleaning process. By forming the protection layer, it is possible to prevent the isolation layer from being lost during the removing of the hard mask pattern and the cleaning process and thus prevent generation of a moat.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for arranging light emitting diode (LED) modules, a data converting method for displaying a moving picture by using the LED modules and a data converting apparatus therefor. The apparatus includes: a data storage module for storing the moving picture and the image data; and a data conversion module for converting the moving picture into images according to frames, arranging the plurality of LED modules by matching the plurality of LED modules to the image according to each frame, determining locations of the plurality of LED modules, extracting color coordinates of each central point of regions in which the plurality of LED modules have been arranged from the image according to each frame, and generating color coordinates according to the locations as the image data.

Abstract: Integrated circuit devices include a semiconductor substrate having a first doped region and a second doped region having a different doping type than the first doped region. A gate electrode structure on the semiconductor substrate extends between the first and second doped regions and has a gate insulation layer of a first high dielectric constant material in the first doped region and of a second high dielectric constant material, different from the first high dielectric constant material, in the second doped region. A gate electrode is on the gate insulation layer.

Abstract: Tunable radio frequency (RF) devices, such as phase shifters and filters, are formed by depositing thin film layers on a substrate and patterning the thin film layers by various lithography techniques. A thin film metal layer is patterned to form a plurality of capacitors and inductors, leaving at least two grounding regions that lie closely adjacent the capacitors and inductors. As patterned portions of the grounding regions are electrically isolated from each other. Performance of the devices are improved by electrically bridging the differential potential grounding regions.