Abstract: The cathode active material according to embodiments of the present invention includes a lithium composite oxide particle having a form of secondary particle in which a plurality of primary particle are aggregated, wherein the primary particles respectively include a lithium conduction pathway through which lithium ions are diffused. Wherein the primary particles include a first particle, and the first particle has an angle of 45° to 90° formed by a direction from a center of the first particle to a center of the lithium composite oxide particle and a direction of the lithium conduction pathway included in the first particle, wherein a ratio of the number of the first particles among the primary particles located on a surface of the lithium composite oxide particle is 20% or more.

Abstract: A method of providing information on a social networking service (SNS) activity to a chatroom, performed by a user terminal, includes: transmitting, to a server, an SNS request for each of a plurality of anonymous profiles created to be interlinked with an account of a user for an instant messaging service (IMS); displaying information on an SNS activity performed through a first anonymous profile selected by the user in correspondence with a chatroom in which the user participates in the IMS, from among the plurality of anonymous profiles, in the chatroom; receiving an input of changing a profile of the user, selected corresponding to the to chatroom, from the first anonymous profile to a second anonymous profile; and displaying information on an SNS activity performed through the second anonymous profile in the chatroom.

Abstract: A method of providing information on a social networking service (SNS) activity to a chatroom, performed by a user terminal, includes: transmitting, to a server, an SNS request for each of a plurality of anonymous profiles created to be interlinked with an account of a user for an instant messaging service (IMS); displaying information on an SNS activity performed through a first anonymous profile selected by the user in correspondence with a chatroom in which the user participates in the IMS, from among the plurality of anonymous profiles, in the chatroom; receiving an input of changing a profile of the user, selected corresponding to the chatroom, from the first anonymous profile to a second anonymous profile; and displaying information on an SNS activity performed through the second anonymous profile in the chatroom.

Abstract: A method of providing information on a social networking service (SNS) activity to a chatroom, performed by a server, includes: providing an SNS for each of a plurality of anonymous profiles created to be interlinked with an account for an instant messaging service (IMS); receiving information on an SNS activity performed through a first anonymous profile selected corresponding to a chatroom of the IMS, among the plurality of anonymous profiles of a user participating in the chatroom; providing the information on the SNS activity performed through the first anonymous profile to the chatroom; receiving a request to change the profile of the user selected corresponding to the chatroom from the first anonymous profile to a second anonymous profile; receiving information on an SNS activity performed through the second anonymous profile; and providing the information on the SNS activity performed through the second anonymous profile to the chatroom.

Abstract: A method of providing information on a social networking service (SNS) activity to a chatroom, performed by a server, includes: providing an SNS for each of a plurality of anonymous profiles created to be interlinked with an account for an instant messaging service (IMS); receiving information on an SNS activity performed through a first anonymous profile selected corresponding to a chatroom of the IMS, among the plurality of anonymous profiles of a user participating in the chatroom; providing the information on the SNS activity performed through the first anonymous profile to the chatroom; receiving a request to change the profile of the user selected corresponding to the chatroom from the first anonymous profile to a second anonymous profile; receiving information on an SNS activity performed through the second anonymous profile; and providing the information on the SNS activity performed through the second anonymous profile to the chatroom.

Abstract: The method for coating a separator for a fuel cell according to one form of the present disclosure includes the steps of: vaporizing a metal nitride precursor to obtain a precursor gas; introducing a metal nitride coating layer-forming gas containing the precursor gas and a reactive gas to a reaction chamber; applying a voltage to the reaction chamber so that the precursor gas and reactive gas may be converted into a plasma state, thereby forming a metal nitride coating layer on a substrate; introducing a carbon layer-forming gas containing a carbonaceous gas to the reaction chamber; and applying a voltage to the reaction chamber so that the carbonaceous gas may be converted into a plasma state, thereby forming a carbon coating layer on the metal nitride coating layer.

Abstract: A method of displaying an interface for providing a social networking service (SNS) through an anonymous profile, performed by a user terminal, includes displaying a first list of at least one anonymous chatroom created by a user account for an instant messaging service (IMS) using a first region on a first page in an interface for the IMS, displaying a second list of at least one anonymous profile created to be interlinked with the user account using a first region on a second page in the interface for the IMS, and displaying, in response to an input of selecting any one anonymous profile in the second list, an interface for providing the SNS through the selected anonymous profile.

Abstract: A method of displaying an interface for providing a social networking service (SNS) through an anonymous profile, performed by a user terminal, includes displaying a first list of at least one anonymous chatroom created by a user account for an instant messaging service (IMS) using a first region on a first page in an interface for the IMS, displaying a second list of at least one anonymous profile created to be interlinked with the user account using a first region on a second page in the interface for the IMS, and displaying, in response to an input of selecting any one anonymous profile in the second list, an interface for providing the SNS through the selected anonymous profile.

Abstract: A method of displaying an interface for providing a social networking service (SNS) through an anonymous profile, performed by a user terminal, includes displaying a first list of at least one anonymous chatroom created by a user account for an instant messaging service (IMS) using a first region on a first page in an interface for the IMS, displaying a second list of at least one anonymous profile created to be interlinked with the user account using a first region on a second page in the interface for the IMS, and displaying, in response to an input of selecting any one anonymous profile in the second list, an interface for providing the SNS through the selected anonymous profile.

Abstract: A node device on a blockchain network is provided. The node device includes a blockchain state monitor that calculates an estimated time of transaction processing completion according to a transaction cost by using state information about the blockchain network, a transaction cost determiner that calculates a minimum transaction cost that satisfies a user's requirements by using the calculated estimated time of transaction processing completion, and a transaction processor that processes a transaction of the user in response to a first transaction processing request when the first transaction processing request, which pays a transaction cost equal to or greater than the minimum transaction cost, is generated by the user.

Abstract: A method of displaying an interface for providing a social networking service (SNS) through an anonymous profile, performed by a user terminal, includes displaying a first list of at least one anonymous chatroom created by a user account for an instant messaging service (IMS) using a first region on a first page in an interface for the IMS, displaying a second list of at least one anonymous profile created to be interlinked with the user account using a first region on a second page in the interface for the IMS, and displaying, in response to an input of selecting any one anonymous profile in the second list, an interface for providing the SNS to through the selected anonymous profile.

Abstract: A node device on a blockchain network is provided. The node device includes a blockchain state monitor that calculates an estimated time of transaction processing completion according to a transaction cost by using state information about the blockchain network, a transaction cost determiner that calculates a minimum transaction cost that satisfies a user's requirements by using the calculated estimated time of transaction processing completion, and a transaction processor that processes a transaction of the user in response to a first transaction processing request when the first transaction processing request, which pays a transaction cost equal to or greater than the minimum transaction cost, is generated by the user.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for forming a coating layer using a physical vapor deposition apparatus equipped with a sputtering apparatus and an arc ion plating apparatus, comprising: a first coating step of forming a Mo coating layer on a base material using a the sputtering apparatus and a Mo target and Ar gas; a nitrating step of forming a nitride film forming condition using an arc ion plating apparatus and Ar gas and N2 gas; a second coating step of forming a nano composite coating layer of Cr—Mo—N using the Mo target and Ar gas of the sputtering apparatus and the Ar gas, N2 gas and a Cr source of the arc ion plating apparatus at the same time; and a multi-coating step of forming a multi-layer having alternating Cr—Mo—N nano composite coating layers and Mo coating layers by revolving the base material around a central pivot.

Abstract: The method for coating a separator for a fuel cell according to one form of the present disclosure includes the steps of: vaporizing a metal nitride precursor to obtain a precursor gas; introducing a metal nitride coating layer-forming gas containing the precursor gas and a reactive gas to a reaction chamber; applying a voltage to the reaction chamber so that the precursor gas and reactive gas may be converted into a plasma state, thereby forming a metal nitride coating layer on a substrate; introducing a carbon layer-forming gas containing a carbonaceous gas to the reaction chamber; and applying a voltage to the reaction chamber so that the carbonaceous gas may be converted into a plasma state, thereby forming a carbon coating layer on the metal nitride coating layer.

Abstract: A method of measuring a friction coefficient of a surface of a specimen includes: obtaining surface information of the specimen by using an atomic force microscope (AFM); calculating data of a friction coefficient of the surface of the specimen by using the surface information of the specimen; and mapping the data of the friction coefficient of the specimen to an image. The method of measuring a friction coefficient of a surface of a specimen may prevent a probe part of an atomic force microscope from being worn out and secure high reliability of the friction coefficient value by correcting the atomic force microscope using a specimen to be actually measured and measuring a fiction coefficient at the same time.

Abstract: A thermal insulation coating composition includes a polymer having a C1-5 alkylene oxide repeat unit, aerogel and a water soluble binder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermal insulation coating composition including: a polymer resin; an aerogel; and an amphiphilic compound including specific functional groups and having a weight average molecular weight of about 200 to about 5000. A thermal insulation coating layer obtained from the thermal insulation coating composition is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a porous polymer resin layer that comprises a binder resin with pores having a mean maximum diameter of about 0.5 mm to 1.6 mm; and aerogels dispersed in the binder resin. In particular, the porous polymer resin layer has a density of about 0.5 g/ml to 1.6 g/ml.

Abstract: An apparatus of a 3D printer includes a working chamber plate that is disposed in a lower portion of a working chamber and is capable of being raised and lowered. A number of subsidiary plates are mounted on the working chamber plate. Each subsidiary plate is capable of being raised and lowered. A controller is configured to control raised and lowered heights of the subsidiary plates. Some of the subsidiary plates can be raised or lowered according to a size of a processed product to be 3D printed in the working chamber thereby adjusting a size of an inner volume of the working chamber.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a curved secondary battery, the method including preparing a flat secondary battery such that the flat secondary battery includes an electrode assembly and a pouch accommodating the electrode assembly; primary shaping the secondary battery such that the primary shaping includes disposing the flat secondary battery in a first jig, and pressing the flat secondary battery to form a primarily-shaped secondary battery such that the primarily-shaped secondary battery has a first curvature radius; secondary shaping the secondary battery such that the secondary shaping includes disposing the primarily-shaped secondary battery in a second jig, and pressing the primarily-shaped secondary battery to form a secondarily-shaped secondary battery having a second curvature radius; and maintaining the secondarily-shaped secondary battery after forming thereof in the second jig for a predetermined time period.