Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a cell array region and a peripheral circuit region, capacitors on the cell array region of the substrate, peripheral transistors on the peripheral circuit region of the substrate, a first upper interlayer insulating layer on the capacitors and the peripheral transistors, a first upper contact electrically connected to at least one of the peripheral transistors, the first upper contact penetrating the first upper interlayer insulating layer, a first upper interconnection line provided on the first upper interlayer insulating layer and electrically connected to the first upper contact, a second upper interlayer insulating layer covering the first upper interconnection line, and a first blocking layer between the first upper interlayer insulating layer and the second upper interlayer insulating layer. The first blocking layer is absent between the first upper interconnection line and the first upper interlayer insulating layer.

Abstract: A microalgae curtain wall includes photobioreactors, an interior glass panel, an exterior glass panel, and transoms. The photobioreactors are adapted to receive sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow microalgae received therein. The exterior glass panel is offset from the interior glass panel forming a gap therebetween. The transoms hold the interior glass panel and the exterior glass panel therebetween. The transoms suspend the photobioreactors in the gap and between the interior glass panel and the exterior glass panel.

Abstract: A system for controlling an internal temperature of a vehicle when an engine is turned off includes a temperature sensor configured to measure an internal temperature (Ti) of a vehicle; a first blower configured to discharge cooled air when an electric power is supplied to the first blower; a battery; and a control unit electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the first blower and configured to receive the internal temperature (Ti) of the vehicle from the temperature sensor, and to operate the first blower, in which the control unit electrically connected to the battery is configured to control an electric power of the battery to be applied to the first blower when the internal temperature (Ti) of the vehicle is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference temperature (Tr) in a state where an engine of the vehicle is turned off.

Abstract: A microalgae curtain wall includes photobioreactors, an interior glass panel, an exterior glass panel, and transoms. The photobioreactors are adapted to receive sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow microalgae received therein. The exterior glass panel is offset from the interior glass panel forming a gap therebetween. The transoms hold the interior glass panel and the exterior glass panel therebetween. The transoms suspend the photobioreactors in the gap and between the interior glass panel and the exterior glass panel.

Abstract: A new structure of polymeric hyaluronic acid is disclosed. The structure of polymeric hyaluronic acid is formed by applying shear stress to a solution containing polymeric hyaluronic acid. A preparation method for producing the new structure of polymeric hyaluronic acid is also disclosed. A cosmetic composition containing the structure of polymeric hyaluronic acid is disclosed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a cell array region and a peripheral circuit region, capacitors on the cell array region of the substrate, peripheral transistors on the peripheral circuit region of the substrate, a first upper interlayer insulating layer on the capacitors and the peripheral transistors, a first upper contact electrically connected to at least one of the peripheral transistors, the first upper contact penetrating the first upper interlayer insulating layer, a first upper interconnection line provided on the first upper interlayer insulating layer and electrically connected to the first upper contact, a second upper interlayer insulating layer covering the first upper interconnection line, and a first blocking layer between the first upper interlayer insulating layer and the second upper interlayer insulating layer. The first blocking layer is absent between the first upper interconnection line and the first upper interlayer insulating layer.

Abstract: A molecular association of bile acid or bile salt and a composition containing the molecular association are disclosed. The composition is a skin permeable deoxycholic acid formulation which is the result of developing deoxycholic acid, a lipolytic pharmacological substance, as an external preparation. The skin permeable formulation can replace an existing injection formulation, thereby remarkably improving patient compliance.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition containing a molecular association of bile acid and bile salt is disclosed. The cosmetic composition contains a molecular association in which bile acid molecule or bile salt molecules are physically bonded, and when the molecular association is formed in a composition containing water, the molecular association has an associated structure in the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmacologically active ingredient-derived molecular association prepared by applying a shear stress to a solution containing a pharmacologically active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an amorphous nano-molecular association composed of an organic/inorganic material or a salt thereof, and more specifically, to an amorphous nano-molecular association, which is prepared by applying a shear stress to an organic/inorganic material or a salt thereof, and thus has excellent solubility and permeability to a lipid membrane.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a substrate that includes a cell array region and a peripheral circuit region; a cell transistor on the cell array region of the substrate; a peripheral transistor on the peripheral circuit region of the substrate; a first interconnection layer connected to the cell transistor; a second interconnection layer connected to the peripheral transistor; an interlayer dielectric layer covering the first interconnection layer; and a blocking layer spaced apart from the first interconnection layer, the blocking layer covering a top surface and a sidewall of the second interconnection layer.

Abstract: A photovoltaic curtain wall system includes a three-dimensional (3D) solar module configured to receive sunlight and reflect sun path geometry; an interior glass unit comprising a single or a double glass panel; an exterior glass panel offset from the interior glass unit forming a gap therebetween, wherein the gap is a conditioned, closed air cavity receiving the solar module. The solar module includes rotatable or fixed micro-oculus shaders at varying angles or curvatures, each micro-oculus shader including an ocular shape with an upper shading portion including photovoltaic elements and a lower shading portion, and the rotatable or fixed micro-oculus shaders are arranged in an array forming open areas therein that are configured to allow a view therethrough. The photovoltaic curtain wall system is a prefabricated curtain wall system configured to be integrated with a building.

Abstract: A microalgae system includes a microalgae storage tank, a microalgae curtain wall and a controller. The microalgae storage tank is adapted to store microalgae cultures. The microalgae curtain wall includes one or more photobioreactors adapted to receive the microalgae cultures from the microalgae storage tank and to grow microalgae. The controller is configured to determine at least one of a concentration, color, and tint for microalgae in one or more bioreactors of a microalgae curtain wall based on at least one of a desired heat transmission, solar gain, and daylight transmission of the microalgae curtain wall and control production of the microalgae within the one or more bioreactors such that the at least one of the concentration, color, and tint for the microalgae within the one or more bioreactors is obtained therein.

Abstract: Provided is a dispersion composition containing: a dispersion medium; and particles containing a target substance, wherein the dispersion composition includes at least one type of surfactant having a critical micelle concentration or more and does not contain a solubilizer, and the target substance is cyclosporin A, which satisfies the S-parameter >1 defined above.

Abstract: Provided is a dispersion composition containing: a dispersion medium; and particles containing a target substance. The dispersion composition includes at least one type of surfactant having a critical micelle concentration or more and does not contains a solubilizer, and the target substance is cyclosporin A. Products such as pharmaceuticals, foods, beverages, and cosmetics, containing the dispersion composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a lower electrode on a substrate, a capacitor dielectric film extending on the lower electrode along a side surface of the lower electrode that is perpendicular to the substrate, an upper electrode on the capacitor dielectric film, an interface layer including a hydrogen blocking film and a hydrogen bypass film on the upper electrode, the hydrogen blocking film including a conductive material, and a contact plug penetrating the interface layer and electrically connected to the upper electrode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a substrate that includes a cell array region and a peripheral circuit region; a cell transistor on the cell array region of the substrate; a peripheral transistor on the peripheral circuit region of the substrate; a first interconnection layer connected to the cell transistor; a second interconnection layer connected to the peripheral transistor; an interlayer dielectric layer covering the first interconnection layer; and a blocking layer spaced apart from the first interconnection layer, the blocking layer covering a top surface and a sidewall of the second interconnection layer.

Abstract: A system for controlling an internal temperature of a vehicle when an engine is turned off includes a temperature sensor configured to measure an internal temperature (Ti) of a vehicle; a first blower configured to discharge cooled air when an electric power is supplied to the first blower; a battery; and a control unit electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the first blower and configured to receive the internal temperature (Ti) of the vehicle from the temperature sensor, and to operate the first blower, in which the control unit electrically connected to the battery is configured to control an electric power of the battery to be applied to the first blower when the internal temperature (Ti) of the vehicle is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference temperature (Tr) in a state where an engine of the vehicle is turned off.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a substrate that includes a cell array region and a peripheral circuit region; a cell transistor on the cell array region of the substrate; a peripheral transistor on the peripheral circuit region of the substrate; a first interconnection layer connected to the cell transistor; a second interconnection layer connected to the peripheral transistor; an interlayer dielectric layer covering the first interconnection layer; and a blocking layer spaced apart from the first interconnection layer, the blocking layer covering a top surface and a sidewall of the second interconnection layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a cell array region and a peripheral circuit region, capacitors on the cell array region of the substrate, peripheral transistors on the peripheral circuit region of the substrate, a first upper interlayer insulating layer on the capacitors and the peripheral transistors, a first upper contact electrically connected to at least one of the peripheral transistors, the first upper contact penetrating the first upper interlayer insulating layer, a first upper interconnection line provided on the first upper interlayer insulating layer and electrically connected to the first upper contact, a second upper interlayer insulating layer covering the first upper interconnection line, and a first blocking layer between the first upper interlayer insulating layer and the second upper interlayer insulating layer. The first blocking layer is absent between the first upper interconnection line and the first upper interlayer insulating layer.