Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor light emitting device including: a plurality of semiconductor layers including an active layer adapted to generate ultraviolet light by recombination of electrons and holes; an encapsulating member adapted to surround the semiconductor light emitting device chip; and an external substrate including a base, and conductive layers electrically connected to the electrodes of the semiconductor light emitting device chip. The conductive layer is arranged inside of the encapsulating member and adapted to reflect the ultraviolet light, with the conductive layer having one face made of a substance with UV reflectivity of less than 90%. A flat area portion of the external substrate that is in contact with a lower face of the encapsulating member is smaller than a flat area portion of the external substrate that is not in contact with the lower face of the encapsulating member.

Abstract: Provided are image sensors. An image sensor includes a pixel array comprising pixels configured to output signal voltages, each of the pixels comprising first and second photodiodes, first and second transfer transistors connected to the first and second photodiodes, respectively, and a floating diffusion node to which the first and second transfer transistors are connected; a ramp voltage generator configured to generate a ramp voltage that decreases with a slope according to a ramp clock to have a first gain; a correlation double sampler (CDS) configured to compare the ramp voltage with the signal voltages to output a comparison signal; a counter configured to count the comparison signal according to a counter clock to output a digital signal; and a digital scaling unit configured to scale the digital signal to have a second gain.

Abstract: A method includes configuring a switching control circuit to operate a power switch to apply power to an inductive device in response to a control signal. The switching control circuit includes a voltage regulator configured to generate a supply voltage from the control signal to power the switching control circuit when the control signal is at or above an operating voltage of switching control circuit. Further, the switching control circuit is configured to controllably discharge the inductive device after power has been applied to the inductive device for a maximum dwell time. The method further includes sampling a flyback voltage off the discharging inductive device, and generating, from the sampled flyback voltage, the supply voltage to power the switching control circuit when the control signal has dropped below the operating voltage of switching control circuit.

Abstract: A method includes: determining a Cyclic Shift (CS) parameter that implicitly indicates an orthogonality allocation rule and orthogonality-related information, by determining a multiple access state of a User Equipment (UE), and transmitting the determined CS parameter to the UE, wherein the orthogonality-related information includes an Orthogonal Cover Code indicated by the CS parameter, the orthogonality allocation rule is determined as a uniform scheme or a non-uniform scheme according to the CS parameter, determining the CS parameter by which the non-uniform scheme is applied if the UE is in a Single User Multiple Input Multiple Output state, and determining the CS parameter by which the uniform scheme is applied if the UE is in a Multiple User Multiple Input Multiple Output state.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a bottom package having a lower substrate and a lower semiconductor chip mounted on the lower substrate, an interposer substrate on the bottom package, a first top package and a second top package that are mounted on the interposer substrate, and a heat spreader that is interpose between the first top package and the second top package and separates the first and second top packages from each other. The heat spreader is adhered to the interposer substrate through a plurality of first connection terminals.

Abstract: An image sensor is provided. The image sensor includes a pixel configured to generate a reset signal and an image signal, a comparator configured to compare the reset signal with a reference signal and generate a first comparison signal, a counter configured to generate a first count value corresponding to the reset signal based on a clock signal and the first comparison signal, and a reference signal generator configured to generate the reference signal which changes between a first level corresponding to a maximum reset count value of the counter and a second level corresponding to a minimum reset count value of the counter during a reset signal period.

Abstract: A light-emitting-device package according to one aspect of the present invention includes: a metal substrate; a light emitting device disposed on a first surface of the metal substrate and configured to emit at least ultraviolet light; a pair of electrodes disposed to be spaced apart from each other on at least the first surface of the metal substrate, and electrically connected to the light emitting device; and an insulating layer provided between the metal substrate and the pair of electrodes. UV reflectance of the first surface of the metal body is higher than UV reflectance of the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: In a general aspect, a circuit can include a comparison stage including a plurality of transistors and a current mirror stage including a current mirror. The comparison stage can be configured to produce a cancelling signal before a main signal is produced by the current mirror stage.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for providing voltage to be used to control a call and multimedia via an electronic device. The apparatus includes a connector to be biased at a first voltage supplied from an electronic device external to the apparatus; and at least one voltage divider to divide the first voltage into a second voltage based at least in part on a user input to the apparatus, the second voltage to be used to control a call and multimedia via the electronic device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medium composition for production of botulinum toxin and, more particularly, to a medium composition for culture of Clostridium sp. capable of producing botulinum toxin. The medium composition of the present invention comprises a porcine peptone and at least one plant-derived peptone selected from the group consisting of a garden pea hydrolysate, a cotton seed hydrolysate and a wheat gluten hydrolysate. When the medium according to the present invention, which contains plant-derived peptones, porcine peptones and minerals, is used for culture of Clostridium botulinum, the growth rate of the bacterium in the medium is higher than that in each of the medium that is in current use and the medium comprising plant-derived peptones alone. In addition, when the medium of the present invention is used, a high concentration of botulinum toxin can be produced by culturing the bacterium in a safe manner.

Abstract: A method of predicting nitrogen dioxide emission from an engine may include an initial nitrogen dioxide formation prediction operation of predicting an amount of nitrogen dioxide which is originally formed in the engine using a nitrogen dioxide formation model by an electronic control unit (ECU) while engine combustion is underway, a nitrogen dioxide reduction prediction operation of determining an amount of nitrogen dioxide which is reduced to nitrogen monoxide using a reverse reaction of the nitrogen dioxide formation model by the ECU based on the amount of formed nitrogen dioxide in the initial nitrogen dioxide formation prediction operation, and a final nitrogen dioxide emission determination operation of determining an amount of nitrogen dioxide which is ultimately generated by the engine by the ECU based on a difference between the amount of formed nitrogen dioxide and the amount of reduced nitrogen dioxide.

Abstract: A method includes: determining a Cyclic Shift (CS) parameter that implicitly indicates an orthogonality allocation rule and orthogonality-related information, by determining a multiple access state of a User Equipment (UE), and transmitting the determined CS parameter to the UE, wherein the orthogonality-related information includes an Orthogonal Cover Code indicated by the CS parameter, the orthogonality allocation rule is determined as a uniform scheme or a non-uniform scheme according to the CS parameter, determining the CS parameter by which the non-uniform scheme is applied if the UE is in a Single User Multiple Input Multiple Output state, and determining the CS parameter by which the uniform scheme is applied if the UE is in a Multiple User Multiple Input Multiple Output state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant microorganism capable of producing putrescine, in which the microorganism is modified to have enhanced NCgl2522 activity, thereby producing putrescine in a high yield, and a method for producing putrescine using the microorganism.

Abstract: A light-emitting-device package according to one aspect of the present invention includes: a metal substrate; a light emitting device disposed on a first surface of the metal substrate and configured to emit at least ultraviolet light; a pair of electrodes disposed to be spaced apart from each other on at least the first surface of the metal substrate, and electrically connected to the light emitting device; and an insulating layer provided between the metal substrate and the pair of electrodes. UV reflectance of the first surface of the metal body is higher than UV reflectance of the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microorganism for producing diamine, in which activity of a protein having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or an amino acid sequence having 55% or higher sequence homology with SEQ ID NO: 6 is introduced or enhanced, and a method of producing diamine using the same.

Abstract: The semiconductor package including a first semiconductor package including a first semiconductor package substrate, and a first semiconductor chip on the first semiconductor package substrate, an interposer disposed on the first semiconductor package is provided. Interposer electrically connects the first semiconductor package with an external semiconductor package, and has first and second sides opposed to each other. The second side is located between the first side and the first semiconductor package substrate, a first recess is formed in the second side of the interposer. The first recess has side walls extended from the second side toward the first side of the interposer and an upper surface connected to the side walls and the upper surface of the first recess faces the first semiconductor chip and a via in the interposer. The via does not transmit an electrical signal between the first semiconductor package and the external semiconductor package.

Abstract: A method of predicting NOx generation amount of a compression ignition engine is provided. The method includes predicting a composition ratio of a gas in a mixture and a flame temperature using driving variables of an engine and calculating a nitrogen oxide generation rate using the composition ratio of the gas in the mixture and the flame temperature. Additionally, a nitrogen oxide generation concentration around flame is calculated using the nitrogen oxide generation rate and a total nitrogen oxide generation amount of a cylinder is predicted using the nitrogen oxide generation rate and the nitrogen oxide generation concentration.

Abstract: An interactive system, an first server and a control method thereof are provided. According to a method for controlling the interactive system, the first server includes storing query data generated by inputting a keyword to a pre-analyzed utterance pattern by an first server, receiving a user's voice, converting the user's voice to voice data and transmitting the voice data to the first server by a display apparatus and in response to the voice data being received, performing a search regarding the user's voice by being the first server using the stored query data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor light emitting device including: a body with a bottom part having at least one hole formed therein; a semiconductor light emitting device chip to be placed in each of the at least one hole, with the semiconductor light emitting device chip being comprised of a plurality of semiconductor layers including an active layer for generating light by electron-hole recombination, and an electrode electrically connected to the plurality of semiconductor layers; and an encapsulating member for covering the semiconductor light emitting device chip, wherein a hole—defining inner face of the bottom part has a plurality of angles of inclination.

Abstract: A polarizing plate includes: a polarizing film; and an optical film on a surface of the polarizing film, the optical film including a first resin layer and a second resin layer sequentially stacked on the polarizing film, wherein the second resin layer has a higher index of refraction than the first resin layer, a plurality of pattern groups is at an interface between the first resin layer and the second resin layer, each of the pattern groups including at least two embossed optical patterns protruding from the second resin layer and a flat section between adjacent embossed optical patterns, each of the first surfaces being a bottom portion of each of the embossed optical patterns, and, in each pattern group, shortest distances between the first surfaces of the embossed optical patterns and the flat sections immediately adjacent to the embossed optical patterns are sequentially increased, or sequentially decreased.