Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a variable valve timing (VVT) in an internal combustion engine, which varies an opening and closing time of an intake valve and an exhaust valve by controlling a rotation phase of a camshaft with respect to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, includes a controller configured to determine whether an engine state enters a scavenging region or not in an overlap area of the intake valve and the exhaust valve and to control the VVT to reduce a valve overlap period depending on a period of time elapsed after the engine state enters the scavenging region.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses or methods for detecting a PIM generation point, which can enhance the accuracy of the PIM generation point detection up to a level of 10 centimeters, and thus enable rapid replacement or maintenance of a disfunctional element causing the PIM by installing and controlling a time delay module in an output end of a reference signal (or, a PIM signal) for detection of the PIM generation point.

Abstract: A method of operating a depth sensor includes generating a first photo gate signal and second through fourth photo gate signals respectively having 90-, 180- and 270-degree phase differences from the first photo gate signal, applying the first photo gate signal and the third photo gate signal to a first row of a pixel array and the second photo gate signal and the fourth photo gate signal to a second row adjacent to the first row in a first frame using a first clock signal, and applying the first photo gate signal and the third photo gate signal to a first column of the pixel array and the second photo gate signal and the fourth photo gate signal to a second column adjacent to the first column in a second frame using a second clock signal.

Abstract: A lens module may include a first lens having positive refractive power; a second lens having positive refractive power; a third lens having negative refractive power; a fourth lens having refractive power; a fifth lens having refractive power; a sixth lens having negative refractive power; and a seventh lens having refractive power and one or more inflection points formed in locations thereof not crossing an optical axis, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens and the seventh lens are disposed in a sequential order from the first lens to the seventh lens.

Abstract: An image capturing device includes a pixel array having a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix form, wherein each of the pixels includes a pair of photoelectric conversion devices, an analog to digital converter that converts a pair of pixel signals corresponding to charges accumulated in the pair of photoelectric conversion devices included in each of the pixels into a pair of digital signals, and a circuit receiving the pair of digital signals being output from each of the pixels, detecting a pixel including a photoelectric conversion device outputting a saturation current based on the received pairs in the detected pixel to output a correction signal.

Abstract: An acupressure apparatus includes a tub configured to receive the user's feet for acupressure treatment, an acupressure station having a pair of designated foot placing areas for facilitating accurate positioning of the feet on the acupressure station, a plurality of upward projections formed on an upper surface of the acupressure station, and a plurality of watering holes formed around the projections, and a water supply conduit connected to the bottom wall of the tub for supplying compressed water by operation of a water pump. The watering holes formed in the acupressure station are directed to acupressure points of the feet such that the compressed water delivered through the watering holes provides acupressure stimulations to the acupressure points of the feet.

Abstract: Disclosed are a wireless communication apparatus for reducing interference by a neighboring cell, and a method of reducing interference thereof. The method of reducing interference by a wireless communication apparatus includes: determining a neighboring small cell from one or more surrounding small cells adjacent to a small cell; allocating a communication resource to one or more users according to a channel state of the one or more users subscribing to the small cell; and transmitting data to the one or more users, to which the communication resource is allocated, by adopting one or more interference reducing methods for reducing interference by the neighboring small cell.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor structure includes forming a trench in a semiconductor substrate; forming a first dielectric layer over a bottom surface and sidewalls of the trench; forming a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer; forming a sacrificial layer that fills the trench, over the second dielectric layer; etching the sacrificial layer and the second dielectric layer, and forming a sacrificial filler and a dielectric liner that are positioned in the trench; removing the sacrificial filler; forming a conductive layer that fills the trench, over the dielectric liner and the first dielectric layer; and etching the conductive layer to be buried in the trench.

Abstract: A method of operating a depth sensor includes generating a first photo gate signal and second through fourth photo gate signals respectively having 90-, 180- and 270-degree phase differences from the first photo gate signal, applying the first photo gate signal and the third photo gate signal to a first row of a pixel array and the second photo gate signal and the fourth photo gate signal to a second row adjacent to the first row in a first frame using a first clock signal, and applying the first photo gate signal and the third photo gate signal to a first column of the pixel array and the second photo gate signal and the fourth photo gate signal to a second column adjacent to the first column in a second frame using a second clock signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method for forming the same can block a moving path of electrons between neighbor buried gates. A semiconductor device includes a device isolation film formed to define an active region over a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device also includes a plurality of buried gates formed over the active region, and a barrier film formed between neighboring buried gates from the plurality of buried gates.

Abstract: A method for repairing an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device includes: determining the position of foreign particle (13) in a lamination structure (12); removing the foreign particle (13) and layers over the foreign particle (13) and in a recess region to be formed, so as to form a recess (21) in the lamination structure (12), in which an opening of the recess (21) is towards the external environment; and forming a repair structure (31) in the recess (21), in which the refractive index of the repair structure (31) is less than that of the lamination structure (12). The method overcomes the black spot defect caused by the foreign particle, improves the product yield and avoids the waste of cost.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory may include: a first stacked structure including a first word line disposed over a substrate and extended in a first direction, a first bit line disposed over the first word line and extended in a second direction crossing the first direction, and a first variable resistance layer interposed between the first word line and the first bit line; and a second stacked structure including a second bit line disposed over the first stacked structure and extended in the second direction, a second word line disposed over the second bit line and extended in the first direction, and a second variable resistance layer interposed between the second word line and the second bit line; and a first selecting element layer interposed between the first bit line and the second bit line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) model for cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome, a method for producing the model, and uses of the iPS model in the analysis of neural development in CFC syndrome. Specifically, the CFC syndrome-derived iPS and generation and differentiation of an embryonic body were induced from the fibroblasts of a CFC syndrome patient, and the CFC syndrome-derived iPS and embryonic body were confirmed to exhibit broken embryonic body shapes and no differentiation into neurons. When a CFC syndrome-derived embryonic body was induced by treating with p-ERK and p-SMAD1 inhibitors, the embryonic body exhibited a normal embryonic body shape and effectively differentiated into neurons. Thus, the CFC syndrome patient-derived stem cell model of the invention can be effectively used in the research for neural development in cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome.

Abstract: Disclosed is a network management apparatus for priority channel assignment to acquire available channels in a frequency sharing band, including: a signal intensity measurer measuring a received signal intensity for an input signal; and a controller verifying usable candidate channels in the same channel and an adjacent channel of a TV band device (TVBD) for each predetermined frequency based on the measured received signal intensity, verifying available channels of the TVBD based on the verified usable candidate channels in the same channel and the adjacent channel, calculating the decreased number of available channels of the TVBD predicted for each channel after channel reassignment, and assigning channels to be reassigned based on the calculated decreased number of available channels of the TVBD.

Abstract: Disclosed are an available channel information sharing system and an available channel information sharing method, and an available channel information sharing system and an available channel information sharing method based on positional information and area information. The available channel information sharing system sharing available channel information for each unit region includes: a server; a white band device placed in the unit region; and a white band sensing device creating positional information and transmitting the created positional information to the server, receiving unit region information corresponding to the positional information from the server, and transmitting first available channel information based on channel information of a sensed broadcasting signal to the white band device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for calculating a radio coverage in a wireless device for calculating a protective distance so as not to allow a secondary user sharing a frequency with a primary user to have an effect of radio interference on the primary user, the method including: calculating a transmission power of a wireless signal transmitted through the frequency by the secondary user; determining a region affected by the wireless signal based on the transmission power of the secondary user; calculating an average ground clearance of the determined region; calculating a height of an installation place of an antenna of the secondary user from the average ground clearance; and calculating the height of the antenna from the average ground clearance by adding a length of the antenna of the secondary user to the calculated height and calculating the radio coverage based on the height from the average ground clearance.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for converting a frequency. The apparatus includes: an oscillator configured to generate a first oscillation signal having a first oscillation frequency which is obtained by subtracting an input frequency from a carrier frequency of any one carrier signal among a first to a n-th carrier signals (n is a natural number), and generate a second oscillation signal having a second oscillation frequency which is obtained by adding the input frequency to a carrier frequency of any one carrier signal among a (n+1)-th to a 2n-th carrier signals; and a mixer configured to mix and output the first oscillation signal or the second oscillation signal with an input signal having the input frequency.

Abstract: A junctionless semiconductor device having a buried gate, a module and system each having the same, and a method for forming the semiconductor device are disclosed. A source, a drain, and a body of a semiconductor device having a buried gate are doped with the same type of impurities, so that the junctionless semiconductor device does not include a PN junction between the source and the body or between the body and the drain. As a result, a leakage current caused by GIDL is reduced so that operation characteristics of the semiconductor device are improved and the size of a current-flowing region is increased, resulting in an increased operation current.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resource allocating method of a base station, which includes receiving information on an existence signal of another base station or a coexistence frame in a transmission frame of another base station from a terminal, making time synchronization with another base station and frame synchronization with the coexistence frame of another base station coincide with each other, and allocating a signal transmission frame so as not to overlap the signal transmission frame in the transmission frame of another base station.

Abstract: When a feature of the present invention is summarized, disclosed is a frame structure of transmitted and received data in a wireless communication system, including: a plurality of uplink subframes (UL) or downlink subframes (DL) for transmitting and receiving data; and a coexistence synchronization signal preamble for frequency coexistence among asynchronous cells.