Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method includes preparing a polishing pad, determining a first load to be applied to a conditioning disk during conditioning of the polishing pad and a first indentation depth at which tips of the conditioning disk are inserted into the polishing pad when the first load is applied to the conditioning disk, preparing a conditioning disk, and positioning the conditioning disk on the polishing pad and conditioning a surface of the polishing pad by using the conditioning disk while applying the first load to the conditioning disk.

Abstract: A lens module includes: a first lens having negative refractive power; a second lens having positive refractive power; a third lens having negative refractive power; a fourth lens having negative refractive power; a fifth lens of which an object-side surface is concave; and a sixth lens having one or more inflection points on an image-side surface thereof, wherein the first to sixth lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side of the lens module to an image side of the lens module.

Abstract: An image capturing lens system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens sequentially arranged from an object side toward an image side. One or more of the lenses is an aspherical lens made of a glass material, and the sixth lens has positive refractive power.

Abstract: A lens module includes: a first lens having negative refractive power; a second lens having positive refractive power; a third lens having negative refractive power; a fourth lens having negative refractive power; a fifth lens of which an object-side surface is concave; and a sixth lens having one or more inflection points on an image-side surface thereof, wherein the first to sixth lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side of the lens module to an image side of the lens module.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices and methods for fabricating the same are provided. A semiconductor device may include a substrate including first and second regions, a first interface film disposed on the substrate in the first region, a second interface film disposed on the substrate in the second region, a dielectric film disposed on the first and second interface films, a first metal film disposed on the dielectric film in the first region, and a second metal film disposed on the dielectric film in the second region. The first and second interface films may comprise an oxide of the substrate, the first and second metal films may comprise different materials, and the first and second interface films may have different thicknesses. Channels may be provided in the first and second regions, and the channels may be fin-shaped or wire-shaped. The metal films may have different oxygen content.

Abstract: A memory system may include: a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks configured in a plurality of super memory blocks; and a controller suitable for detecting two or more bad super memory blocks each including at least one bad block among the super memory blocks, selecting at least one victim super memory block among the bad super memory blocks, and replacing the at least one bad block in each remaining bad super memory block with at least one normal block of the victim super memory block.

Abstract: An image capturing device includes a pixel array having a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix form, wherein each of the pixels includes a pair of photoelectric conversion devices, an analog to digital converter that converts a pair of pixel signals corresponding to charges accumulated in the pair of photoelectric conversion devices included in each of the pixels into a pair of digital signals, and a circuit receiving the pair of digital signals being output from each of the pixels, detecting a pixel including a photoelectric conversion device outputting a saturation current based on the received pairs in the detected pixel to output a correction signal.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens having negative refractive power, a second lens having negative refractive power, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens. The first to seventh lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side toward an image side. The third lens and the seventh lens are formed of plastic, and the first lens, the second lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, and the sixth lens are formed of glass.

Abstract: A virtual reality cell phone includes: a main body including a display; an ocular plate configured to maintain a variable distance from the rear surface of the main body; and a screen and distance adjustment member interposed between the main body and the ocular plate, and configured to move the ocular plate between a retracted state in which the ocular plate comes into close contact with the main body and an extended state in which the ocular plate maintains a predetermined distance from the main body. The screen and distance adjustment member includes a plurality of screen boxes configured to slide backward and be fixed while being laid over each other.

Abstract: A lens module may include a first lens having positive refractive power; a second lens having positive refractive power; a third lens having negative refractive power; a fourth lens having refractive power; a fifth lens having refractive power; a sixth lens having negative refractive power; and a seventh lens having refractive power and one or more inflection points formed in locations thereof not crossing an optical axis, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens and the seventh lens are disposed in a sequential order from the first lens to the seventh lens.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display device includes a substrate having a plurality of subpixels which each have an emission region and a non-emission region defined along an edge of the emission region. A reflective barrier is disposed to correspond to the non-emission region and includes a reflective side surface. An overcoat layer is disposed on an upper portion of the reflective barrier. A light emitting diode includes a first electrode, an organic light emitting layer, and a second electrode, which are sequentially disposed on the overcoat layer. The reflective side surface of the reflective barrier is inversely tapered such that a width thereof is decreased in a traveling direction of light emitted from the organic light emitting layer.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing method includes providing a pad conditioner, such that the pad conditioner includes a base and a plurality of tips protruding from a surface of the base, adjusting a surface roughness of an upper surface of each tip of the plurality of tips, and adjusting a polishing rate of chemical mechanical polishing using the adjusted surface roughness of the upper surfaces of the plurality of tips.

Abstract: An acupressure apparatus includes a tub configured to receive the user's feet for acupressure treatment, an acupressure station having a pair of designated foot placing areas for facilitating accurate positioning of the feet on the acupressure station, a plurality of upward projections formed on an upper surface of the acupressure station, and a plurality of watering holes formed around the projections, and a water supply conduit connected to the bottom wall of the tub for supplying compressed water by operation of a water pump. The watering holes formed in the acupressure station are directed to acupressure points of the feet such that the compressed water delivered through the watering holes provides acupressure stimulations to the acupressure points of the feet.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display device includes: a substrate including a subpixel; a thin film transistor disposed at the subpixel; an overcoat layer disposed on the thin film transistor; a first electrode disposed on the overcoat layer and electrically connected to the thin film transistor; a bank layer disposed on the overcoat layer and the first electrode, the bank layer including a plurality of openings configured to expose the first electrode and a plurality of opening patterns formed in a bar shape to expose the first electrode and connect the plurality of openings; an emitting layer disposed on the first electrode and the bank layer; and a second electrode disposed on the emitting layer.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display device can include a substrate including a first emission area and a first non-emission area; a first color filter pattern on the substrate and in the first emission area; a first wall disposed in the first non-emission area and surrounding the first color filter pattern; an overcoat layer on the first wall and the first color filter pattern and including a first micro-lens structure having a non-flat surface in the first emission area; and a light emitting diode on the overcoat layer and in the first emission area.

Abstract: A lens module may include a first lens having positive refractive power; a second lens having positive refractive power; a third lens having negative refractive power; a fourth lens having refractive power; a fifth lens having refractive power; a sixth lens having negative refractive power; and a seventh lens having refractive power and one or more inflection points formed in locations thereof not crossing an optical axis, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens and the seventh lens are disposed in a sequential order from the first lens to the seventh lens.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices may include a substrate including first to third regions, with first to third interfacial layers in the first to third regions, respectively, first to third high-k dielectric films on the first to third interfacial layers, respectively, first to third work function adjustment films on the first to third high-k dielectric films, respectively, and first to third filling films on the first to third work function adjustment films, respectively. Concentrations of a dipole forming element in the first to third high-k dielectric films may be first to third concentrations. The first concentration may be greater than the second concentration, and the second concentration may be greater than the third concentration. Thicknesses of the first to third work function adjustment films may be first to third thicknesses. The first thickness may be less than the second thickness, and the second thickness may be less than the third thickness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) model for cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome, a method for producing the model, and uses of the iPS model in the analysis of neural development in CFC syndrome. Specifically, the CFC syndrome-derived iPS and generation and differentiation of an embryonic body were induced from the fibroblasts of a CFC syndrome patient, and the CFC syndrome-derived iPS and embryonic body were confirmed to exhibit broken embryonic body shapes and no differentiation into neurons. When a CFC syndrome-derived embryonic body was induced by treating with p-ERK and p-SMAD1 inhibitors, the embryonic body exhibited a normal embryonic body shape and effectively differentiated into neurons. Thus, the CFC syndrome patient-derived stem cell model of the invention can be effectively used in the research for neural development in cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a semiconductor memory, and the semiconductor memory may include a plurality of memory cells each including a variable resistance layer; a substituted dielectric layer filling a space between the plurality of memory cells; and an unsubstituted dielectric layer disposed adjacent to the variable resistance layer of each of the plurality of memory cells, wherein the unsubstituted dielectric layer may include a flowable dielectric material.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices and methods for fabricating the same are provided. A semiconductor device may include a substrate including first and second regions, a first interface film disposed on the substrate in the first region, a second interface film disposed on the substrate in the second region, a dielectric film disposed on the first and second interface films, a first metal film disposed on the dielectric film in the first region, and a second metal film disposed on the dielectric film in the second region. The first and second interface films may comprise an oxide of the substrate, the first and second metal films may comprise different materials, and the first and second interface films may have different thicknesses. Channels may be provided in the first and second regions, and the channels may be fin-shaped or wire-shaped. The metal films may have different oxygen content.