Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for detecting smoke based on polarization. The apparatus includes a chamber into which smoke is introduced, a detection unit comprising a light-emitting unit configured to emit light beams having a plurality of different wavelengths into a space in the chamber, and a light-receiving unit configured to receive scattered light from a plurality of light sources, a control unit configured to control an operation of the detection unit, and a fire determination unit configured to distinguish between fire smoke and non-fire analogous smoke by detecting and analyzing a light-receiving signal received by the light-receiving unit, in which horizontal polarization and vertical polarization are applied to the plurality of light sources of the light-emitting unit and the light-receiving unit.

Abstract: A smoke detection apparatus based on multiple wavelengths is provided, which includes: a chamber configured to receive an inflow of a smoke; a detector including a light emitter having a plurality of light sources that radiate light having a plurality of different wavelengths into a space in the chamber, and a light receiver configured to receive scattered light by the plurality of light sources; and a controller configured to control an operation of the detector and to distinguish between fire smoke and non-fire quasi-smoke by detecting and analyzing a light receiving signal of the light receiver.

Abstract: Disclosed are an oriented electrical steel sheet and a manufacturing method thereof. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing an oriented electrical steel sheet, including: providing a slab including Si at 1.0 to 4.0 wt %, C at 0.1 to 0.4 wt %, and the remaining portion including Fe and other inevitably incorporated impurities; reheating the slab; producing a hot rolled steel sheet by hot rolling the slab; performing annealing of the hot rolled steel sheet; cold rolling the annealed hot rolled steel sheet; decarburizing and primary annealing the cold rolled steel sheet; cold rolling the decarburized and annealed steel sheet; and secondary annealing the cold rolled steel sheet.

Abstract: A pressurization type method for manufacturing elementary metal may include a metal precursor gas pressurization dosing operation of, in a state where an outlet of a chamber having a substrate is closed, increasing a pressure in the chamber by providing a metal precursor gas consisting of metal precursors, thereby adsorbing the metal precursors onto the substrate, a main purging operation of purging a gas after the metal precursor gas pressurization dosing operation, a reaction gas dosing operation of providing a reaction gas to reduce the metal precursors adsorbed on the substrate to elementary metal, after the main purging operation, and a main purging operation of purging a gas after the reaction gas dosing operation.

Abstract: A stabilized elementary metal structure is disclosed. The stabilized elementary metal structure may include an elementary metal having at least one layer and having a two-dimensional layer structure, and an organic molecular layer provided on at least one of a top surface and a bottom surface of the elementary metal.

Abstract: An optical multilayer structure including a hard coating layer, a low-reflective adhesion reinforcement layer, and a water repellent layer on a substrate layer. The optical multilayer structure includes a structure in which a hard coating layer, a low-reflective adhesion reinforcement layer including a siloxane-based compound, and a water repellent layer including an alkoxysilane-based compound containing a fluorine atom are laminated on a substrate layer, thereby having high wear resistance and water contact angle simultaneously.

Abstract: An optical multilayer structure including a hard coating layer, an adhesion reinforcement layer, a low refractive layer, and a water repellent layer on a substrate layer. The optical multilayer structure includes a structure in which a hard coating layer, an adhesion reinforcement layer including an alkoxysilane-based compound having a functional group, a low refractive layer including a siloxane-based compound, and a water repellent layer including an alkoxysilane-based compound containing a fluorine atom are laminated on a substrate layer, thereby having both high wear resistance and water contact angle.

Abstract: An oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes, in a unit of wt %, Si at 1.0 wt % to 5.0 wt %, C at 0.005 wt % or less (excluding 0 wt %), Mn at 0.001 wt % to 0.1 wt %, Cu at 0.001 wt % to 0.1 wt %, S at 0.001 wt % to 0.020 wt %, Se at 0.001 wt % to 0.050 wt %, Al at 0.0005 wt % to 0.010 wt %, N at 0.0005 wt % to 0.005 wt %, and the remainder of Fe and inevitable impurities. The oriented electrical steel sheet according to the embodiment of the present invention satisfies Equation 1. 16?(10×[Mn]+[Cu])/([S]+[Se])+(0.02?[Al])/[N]?20??[Equation 1] (In Equation 1, [Mn], [Cu], [S], [Se], [Al], and [N] represent contents (wt %) of Mn, Cu, S, Se, Al, and N, respectively.

Abstract: A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of an embodiment of the present invention comprises Si: 1.0% to 7.0% and Y: 0.005% to 0.5% by wt %, and the remainder comprising Fe and other inevitable impurities, and 10 pieces or less of inclusions comprising Y and having a diameter of 30 nm to 5 ?m per area of 1 mm2.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure provides a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet containing, by wt %: 3.0 to 4.5% of Si; 0.05 to 0.2% of Mn; 0.015 to 0.035% of Al; 0.0015% or less (excluding 0%) of C; 0.0015% or less (excluding 0%) of N; 0.0015% or less (excluding 0%) of S; and a balance of Fe and other unavoidable impurities, wherein the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet satisfies the following Relational Expressions 1 and 2: (W13/50/W17/50)?0.57??[Relational Expression 1] (W15/50/W17/50)?0.76??[Relational Expression 2] where Wx/y represents a core loss value under conditions in which a magnitude of an applied magnetic field is x/10 T and a frequency is y Hz.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an oriented electrical steel sheet according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: providing a slab including, as wt %, Si at equal to or less than 4.0% (excluding 0%), C at 0.001% to 0.4%, and Mn at 0.001% to 2.0%, and including a balance including Fe and inevitably mixed and input impurities; reheating the slab; manufacturing a hot steel sheet by hot-rolling the slab; performing hot-rolled steel sheet annealing to the hot steel sheet; primarily cold-rolling the hot-rolled steel sheet annealed hot steel sheet; decarburization-annealing the cold-rolled steel sheet; secondarily cold-rolling the decarburization-annealed steel sheet; and finally annealing the cold-rolled steel sheet, wherein, regarding the finally annealed steel sheet, a size 2L of a magnetic domain existing in a grain is less than a thickness D of the steel sheet (2L<D).

Abstract: An oriented electrical steel sheet according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes C: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), Si: 2.0%-4.0%, Mn: 0.01%-0.20%, acid soluble Al: 0.040% or less (excluding 0%), N: 0.008% (excluding 0%), S: 0.008% (excluding 0%), Se: 0.0001-0.008%, Cu: 0.002-0.1%, Ni: 0.005-0.1%, Cr: 0.005-0.1%, P: 0.005%-0.1% and Sn: 0.005%-0.20%, one or more among Sb: 0.0005%-0.10%, Ge: 0.0005%-0.10%, As: 0.0005%-0.10%, Pb: 0.0001%-0.10%, Bi: 0.0001%-0.10% and Mo: 0.001-0.1% as wt %, and consisting of the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities, and after final secondary recrystallization, a magnetic flux density B8 is 1.92 Tesla or more.

Abstract: Disclosed are an oriented electrical steel sheet and a manufacturing method thereof. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing an oriented electrical steel sheet, including: providing a slab including Si at 1.0 to 4.0 wt %, C at 0.1 to 0.4 wt %, and the remaining portion including Fe and other inevitably incorporated impurities; reheating the slab; producing a hot rolled steel sheet by hot rolling the slab; performing annealing of the hot rolled steel sheet; cold rolling the annealed hot rolled steel sheet; decarburizing and primary annealing the cold rolled steel sheet; cold rolling the decarburized and annealed steel sheet; and secondary annealing the cold rolled steel sheet.

Abstract: Disclosed are an oriented electrical steel sheet and a manufacturing method thereof. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing an oriented electrical steel sheet, including: providing a slab including Si at 1.0 to 4.0 wt %, C at 0.1 to 0.4 wt %, and the remaining portion including Fe and other inevitably incorporated impurities; reheating the slab; producing a hot rolled steel sheet by hot rolling the slab; performing annealing of the hot rolled steel sheet; cold rolling the annealed hot rolled steel sheet; decarburizing and annealing the cold rolled steel sheet; cold rolling the decarburized and annealed steel sheet; and final annealing the cold rolled steel sheet.

Abstract: A pressurization type method for manufacturing elementary metal may include a metal precursor gas pressurization dosing operation of, in a state where an outlet of a chamber having a substrate is closed, increasing a pressure in the chamber by providing a metal precursor gas consisting of metal precursors, thereby adsorbing the metal precursors onto the substrate, a main purging operation of purging a gas after the metal precursor gas pressurization dosing operation, a reaction gas dosing operation of providing a reaction gas to reduce the metal precursors adsorbed on the substrate to elementary metal, after the main purging operation, and a main purging operation of purging a gas after the reaction gas dosing operation.

Abstract: A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the prevent invention comprises: Si: 1.0% to 7.0%, C: 0.005% or less (excluding 0%), P: 0.0010 to 0.1%, Sn: 0.005 to 0.2%, S: 0.0005 to 0.020%, Se: 0.0005 to 0.020% and B: 0.0001 to 0.01% by weight, and the remainder comprising Fe and other inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention contains, in a unit of wt %, Si at 2.0 wt % to 4.5 wt %, C at 0.005 wt % or less (excluding 0 wt %), Mn at 0.001 wt % to 0.08 wt %, P at 0.001 wt % to 0.1 wt %, Cu at 0.001 wt % to 0.1 wt %, S at 0.0005 wt % to 0.05 wt %, Se at 0.0005 wt % to 0.05 wt %, B at 0.0001 wt % to 0.01 wt %, Mo at 0.01 wt % to 0.2 wt %, and the remainder of Fe and inevitable impurities. A sum amount of S and Se is 0.005 to 0.05 wt %.

Abstract: A pressurization type method for manufacturing elementary metal may include a metal precursor gas pressurization dosing operation of, in a state where an outlet of a chamber having a substrate is closed, increasing a pressure in the chamber by providing a metal precursor gas consisting of metal precursors, thereby adsorbing the metal precursors onto the substrate, a main purging operation of purging a gas after the metal precursor gas pressurization dosing operation, a reaction gas dosing operation of providing a reaction gas to reduce the metal precursors adsorbed on the substrate to elementary metal, after the main purging operation, and a main purging operation of purging a gas after the reaction gas dosing operation.

Abstract: An oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes, in a unit of wt %, Si at 1.0 wt % to 5.0 wt %, C at 0.005 wt % or less (excluding 0 wt %), Mn at 0.001 wt % to 0.1 wt %, Cu at 0.001 wt % to 0.1 wt %, S at 0.001 wt % to 0.020 wt %, Se at 0.001 wt % to 0.050 wt %, Al at 0.0005 wt % to 0.010 wt %, N at 0.0005 wt % to 0.005 wt %, and the remainder of Fe and inevitable impurities. The oriented electrical steel sheet according to the embodiment of the present invention satisfies Equation 1. 16?(10×[Mn]+[Cu])/([S]+[Se])+(0.02?[Al])/[N]?20 ??[Equation 1] (In Equation 1, [Mn], [Cu], [S], [Se], [Al], and [N] represent contents (wt %) of Mn, Cu, S, Se, Al, and N, respectively.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: heating a slab, based on 100 wt % of a total composition thereof, including N at 0.0005 wt % to 0.015 wt %, Ti at 0.0001 wt % to 0.020 wt %, V at 0.0001 wt % to 0.020 wt %, Nb at 0.0001 wt % to 0.020 wt %, B at 0.0001 wt % to 0.020 wt %, and the remaining portion including Fe and other impurities, and then hot rolling it to prepare a hot-rolled steel sheet; annealing the hot-rolled steel sheet; after the hot-rolled steel sheet is annealed, cooling the hot-rolled steel sheet, and then cold rolling it to prepare a cold-rolled steel sheet; decarburization-annealing the cold-rolled steel sheet and then nitriding-annealing it, or simultaneously performing the decarburization-annealing and the nitriding-annealing; and final-annealing the decarburization-annealed and nitriding-annealed steel sheet.