Abstract: Disclosed is an interface system including a first neuron cluster that outputs a first neuron signal including a first neuron request and first neuron data by performing a first arithmetic operation, and a first interface circuit that stores the first neuron data and outputs a first response, in response to the first neuron request. The first neuron cluster outputs a second neuron signal including a second neuron request and second neuron data by performing a second arithmetic operation, in response to the first response. Before the first data is transmitted to a second neuron cluster different from the first neuron cluster, the first interface circuit outputs the first response in response to a fact that the first neuron data is stored.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fingerprint forgery detection device and a method of operating the same. The fingerprint forgery detection device includes a memory that stores a first feature signal including biological channel feature information of a user, a transmitter including at least one transmission electrode for transmitting a pulse signal to the user, a receiver including at least one reception electrode for receiving a biological channel response signal in response to the transmitted pulse signal, and a signal processor for processing the biological channel response signal to detect whether a fingerprint is forged, and at least one processor that controls the memory, the transmitter, and the receiver.

Abstract: Disclosed is an amplification circuit, which includes a first amplifier that receives an external signal and performs first band pass filtering on the external signal to output a first filter signal, and a second amplifier that receives the first filter signal and performs second band pass filtering on the first filter signal to output a second filter signal, and a frequency pass bandwidth of the second band pass filtering is narrower than a frequency pass bandwidth of the first band pass filtering.

Abstract: A hybrid communication device, an operation method thereof, and a communication system including the same are provided. The hybrid communication device includes a contact unit that includes an antenna for receiving a first communication signal and an electrode for receiving a second signal, a switch controller that includes a first switch and a second switch and controls the first switch and the second switch based on a change in capacitance of the electrode, and a signal processing unit that receives at least one of the first communication signal and the second communication signal from the contact unit via the first switch and processes the received signal. The first switch is connected to the contact unit, and the signal processing unit is connected to the first switch.

Abstract: Disclosed is an SoC including a CPU that generates a first function signal including a first command for a first soft float function while not having a floating point operation function, a system bus, and a soft float function circuit that receives the first function signal from the CPU through the system bus, and performs a first floating point operation corresponding to the first soft float function based on the first command.

Abstract: Disclosed is a neuron circuit, which includes a first bias circuit that adds a bias current to an input current to generate a biased input current, a logarithm-based neuron calculation circuit that performs a logarithm calculation on an amount of current of the biased input current to generate an input logarithm value and generates a biased output voltage by performing a logarithm-based Hodgkin-Huxley model calculation based on the input logarithm value, and a second bias circuit that adds a bias voltage to the biased output voltage to generate an output voltage.

Abstract: A neuron circuit including a first internal circuit that receives a plurality of spike input signals, generates a first sum value by summing a plurality of synaptic weights corresponding to the plurality of spike input signals, and outputs a second sum value by adding a membrane potential value to the first sum value, a spike generating circuit that generates a spike output signal, a membrane potential generating circuit that generates the membrane potential value, a second internal circuit that counts a last spike time based on the spike output signal, and an online learning circuit that receives a last input time from the first internal circuit and performs LTP learning based on the last input time or receives the last spike time from the second internal circuit and performs LTD learning based on the last spike time.

Abstract: The human body sensing device includes a contact sensing unit that includes a sensing electrode and a signal electrode, an activation module that senses a contact with a body through the sensing electrode when the sensing electrode and the signal electrode contact the body and outputs a wake-up signal in response to the sensing of the contact, and a human body communication unit that provides a ground voltage to the signal electrode and outputs a data signal to the signal electrode when the wake-up signal from the activation module is received.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device that supports a neural network including a neuron array including neurons, a row address encoder that receives spike signals from neurons and outputs request signals in response to the received spike signals, and a row arbiter tree that receives request signals from the row address encoder and outputs response signals in response to the received request signals. The row arbiter tree includes a first arbiter that arbitrates first and second request signals among request signals, a first latch circuit that stores a state of the first arbiter, a second arbiter that arbitrates third and fourth request signals among request signals, a second latch circuit that stores a state of the second arbiter, and a third arbiter that delivers a response signal to the first and second arbiters based on information stored in the first and second latch circuits.

Abstract: Disclosed is operation method of an encoder that receives a continuous time-series signal and respectively transmits first to N-th input signals to first to N-th input neuron circuits of spike neural network circuit. The method of operating the encoder includes receiving the continuous time-series signal, generating a plurality of discrete quantum signals by sampling and quantizing the continuous time-series signal, selecting first to N-th discrete quantum signals among the plurality of discrete quantum signals, matching the selected first to N-th discrete quantum signals with the first to N-th input neuron circuits, respectively, identifying discrete quantum signals, each of which has a quantum level different from a quantum level of a previous discrete quantum signal, from among the second to N-th discrete quantum signals, and activating the input signals to be transmitted to the input neuron circuits corresponding to the identified discrete quantum signals and the first discrete quantum signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an encoder including event layer outputs first and second event signals, weight layer applies first and second weights to the first and second event signals respectively, and provides the first event signal in which the first weight is applied and the second event signal in which the second weight is applied to first node, and first spike generation circuit generates first input spike signal of which firing period is changed based on voltage level of the first node. The voltage level of the first node is reduced continuously, increases for first voltage corresponding to the first weight in response to the first event signal activated, and increases for second voltage corresponding to the second weight in response to the second event signal activated.

Abstract: Disclosed are a spike neural network apparatus based on a multi-encoding and an operating method thereof. The method of operating a spike neural network (SNN) apparatus that performs a multi-encoding, includes receiving an input signal by an encoding module, performing a rate coding and a temporal coding on the received input signal by the encoding module, generating an SNN input signal based on the performance result of the rate coding and the temporal coding, and transmitting the generated SNN input signal to a neuromorphic chip that performs a spike neural network (SNN) operation.

Abstract: Provided are a human body communication device and an operating method of the same. The human body communication device according to an embodiment of the inventive concept includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a ground electrode, and a switch. The transmitting circuit generates a first signal in a transmitting mode and transmits the first signal to the first electrode. The receiving circuit receives a second signal from the first electrode in the receiving mode. The receiving circuit includes a differential amplifier that amplifies a difference between a voltage level of a first input terminal depending on the second signal and a voltage level of a second input terminal. The switch electrically connects the second electrode and the ground electrode in the transmitting mode, and electrically connects the second electrode and the second input terminal in the receiving mode.

Abstract: A capsule endoscope image receiver includes a receiving electrode unit that receives first and second differential signals from a capsule endoscope image transmitter through a human body communication channel, an analog amplifying unit that receives the first and second differential signals and outputs first and second amplified differential signals, and a signal restoring unit that receives the first and second amplified differential signals and restores image information. The analog amplifying unit includes a first amplifier that outputs the first amplified differential signal, a second amplifier that outputs the second amplified differential signal, and an input impedance that is connected between a first inverting input terminal of the first amplifier and a second inverting input terminal of the second amplifier and obtains a gain of differential signal amplification in which a high frequency component of the first and second amplified differential signals is greater than a low frequency component.

Abstract: Provided is a system-on-chip. A central controller is configured to, in response to a request from a host, generate a first signal for requesting error information related to an error from a design of an IP. A local controller is configured to generate a second signal including the error information of the target IP if the request from the host is determined to be for the target IP based on the first signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a learning method of a neural network which includes a first intermediate neuron layer and a second intermediate neuron layer. The method includes performing first learning, which is based on a first synaptic weight layer, with respect to input subjects and the first intermediate neuron layer, determining intermediate neurons, which will perform second learning, from among intermediate neurons of the first intermediate neuron layer, based on the number of spikes of each of spike output signals of the intermediate neurons of the first intermediate neuron layer, and performing the second learning, which is based on a second synaptic weight layer, with respect to the intermediate neurons determined to perform the second learning.

Abstract: Disclosed are a human body communication receiver and an operating method thereof, which may effectively remove low frequency noise. The human body communication receiver according to the present disclosure includes a receiving electrode, a virtual electrode, a filter circuit that is connected between the receiving electrode and the virtual electrode, and removes low frequency noise from a signal received through the receiving electrode to generate a high frequency signal, a low frequency reconstruction circuit that is connected to a rear end of the filter circuit and reconstructs a low frequency baseband signal by rectifying the high frequency signal, and an amplifying circuit that is connected to a rear end of the low frequency reconstruction circuit, and amplifies the low frequency baseband signal.

Abstract: Provided is a receiver. The receiver according to the inventive concept includes a first filter circuit, a second filter circuit, and an amplifier. The first filter circuit provides a first path for first frequency components below first cutoff frequency of input frequency components and passes second frequency components except for the first frequency components of the input frequency components through second path. The second filter circuit attenuates third frequency components below a second cutoff frequency of the second frequency components. The amplifier amplifies the second frequency components including the attenuated third frequency components.

Abstract: Disclosed is an operating method of a user communication device, which includes receiving a wakeup signal from a stationary communication device over a first human body communication channel, the wakeup signal having a frequency in a low frequency band, switching from a standby mode to a wakeup mode in response to the wakeup signal, and receiving a data signal from the stationary communication device over the first human body communication channel during the wakeup mode, and the first human body communication channel is provided by a body of a user of the user communication device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a network-on-chip including a first data converter that receives first image data and second image data from at least one image sensor and encodes one image data among the first image data and the second image data, into first data, based on whether the first image data is identical to the second image data and a second data converter that receives non-image data from at least one non-image sensor and encodes the received non-image data into second data. The network-on-chip outputs the first data and the second data to transmit the first data and the second data to an external server at a burst length.