Abstract: A method of updating speech recognition data including a language model used for speech recognition, the method including obtaining language data including at least one word; detecting a word that does not exist in the language model from among the at least one word; obtaining at least one phoneme sequence regarding the detected word; obtaining components constituting the at least one phoneme sequence by dividing the at least one phoneme sequence into predetermined unit components; determining information regarding probabilities that the respective components constituting each of the at least one phoneme sequence appear during speech recognition; and updating the language model based on the determined probability information.

Abstract: A functionally graded shape memory polymer (SMP) that has a range of transition temperatures that are spatially distributed in a gradient fashion within one single article. The SMP is formed by post-curing a pre-cured glassy SMP in a linear temperature gradient that imposes different vitrification temperature limits at different positions along the gradient. Utilizing indentation-based surface shape memory coupled with optical measurements of photoelastic response, the capability of this material to respond over a wide range of thermal triggers is correlated with the graded glass transition behavior. This new class of SMP offers great potential for such applications as passive temperature sensing and precise control of shape evolution during a thermally triggered shape recovery.

Abstract: An operation method of a portable terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: entering a window screen movement mode in which a window screen of a foreground task is displayed uppermost and one or more window screens are stacked in multiple layers under the window screen of the foreground task; selecting a window screen from a plurality of window screens according to a user's movement command; changing the transparency of at least a part of areas of window screens stacked on the selected window screen; and displaying the selected window screen as a foreground screen and terminating the window screen movement mode when an input determining the selected window screen is received. Therefore, it is possible to switch screens and tasks more swiftly and conveniently, thereby improving user convenience.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for separating sugars and acids with reduced energy consumption, including a step of diffusively dialyzing a first acid hydrolysate obtained by saccharifying biomass with an acid solution, thereby preparing a second acid hydrolysate wherein the concentration of the acid solution contained in the acid hydrolysate is decreased; and a step of electrolyzing the second acid hydrolysate, thereby separating sugars from the acid solution, which is advantageous in that less energy is consumed, the separated acid solution can be recycled directly without further treatment due to high concentration and loss of sugars can be minimized.

Abstract: A method of updating speech recognition data including a language model used for speech recognition, the method including obtaining language data including at least one word; detecting a word that does not exist in the language model from among the at least one word; obtaining at least one phoneme sequence regarding the detected word; obtaining components constituting the at least one phoneme sequence by dividing the at least one phoneme sequence into predetermined unit components; determining information regarding probabilities that the respective components constituting each of the at least one phoneme sequence appear during speech recognition; and updating the language model based on the determined probability information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive electrode for a secondary battery to improve stability during overcharge, and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and particularly, to a positive electrode for a secondary battery including a positive electrode active material layer formed on a positive electrode collector, wherein the positive electrode active material layer has a double-layer structure which includes a first positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode collector and a second positive electrode active material layer formed on the first positive electrode active material layer, the first positive electrode active material layer includes a first positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a gas generating agent generating gas during overcharge, and the second positive electrode active material layer includes a second positive electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an ultrasonic welding apparatus, which improves the welding strength of an electrode tab and an electrode lead included in a secondary battery, and a secondary battery with an enhanced electrode structure strength by using the ultrasonic welding apparatus. The secondary battery includes an electrode assembly in which a cathode plate provided with a cathode tab, an anode plate provided with an anode tab, and a separator are stacked in turn; a pouch for receiving the electrode assembly; a cathode lead electrically coupled to the cathode tab by welding; and an anode lead electrically coupled to the anode tab by welding, wherein the density of welding points, formed at a welding surface between the anode lead and the anode tab, is higher than that of welding points, formed at a welding surface between the cathode lead and the cathode tab.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for separating sugars and acids with reduced energy consumption, including a step of diffusively dialyzing a first acid hydrolysate obtained by saccharifying biomass with an acid solution, thereby preparing a second acid hydrolysate wherein the concentration of the acid solution contained in the acid hydrolysate is decreased; and a step of electrolyzing the second acid hydrolysate, thereby separating sugars from the acid solution, which is advantageous in that less energy is consumed, the separated acid solution can be recycled directly without further treatment due to high concentration and loss of sugars can be minimized.

Abstract: A speech recognition device is provided. The speech recognition device includes at least one microphone configured to receive a sound signal from a first sound source, and at least one processor configured to determine a direction of the first sound source based on the sound signal, determine whether the direction of the first sound source is in a registered direction, and based on whether the direction of the first sound source is in the registered direction, recognize a speech from the sound signal regardless of whether the sound signal comprises a wake-up keyword.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A reception method for an electronic device of the present disclosure comprises the steps of: receiving, from a transmission device, first location information including information on the coverage area of the transmission device; generating second location information using the first location information and location information of the electronic device; and determining location information of the transmission device using the second location information and information on the coverage area of the electronic device.

Abstract: An interconnect circuit testing apparatus including: an electric signal generating circuit for generating an electric signal; a first electrode arranged at a first region of a substrate, wherein the substrate includes an interconnect circuit, an upper surface and a lower surface; a second electrode arranged at a second region of the substrate; and a sensor for detecting an electric field emitted from the first region or the second region when the electric signal is applied to the substrate through the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A memory device may include a selected bit line connected to a first node and configured to receive a first current, a selected memory cell connected to the selected bit line, a reference bit line connected to a second node and configured to receive a second current, a reference memory cell connected between the reference bit line and a reference source line, a sub bit line connected to the second node, a sub memory cell connected between the sub bit line and a sub source line, and a sense amplifier configured to sense a voltage difference between the first node and the second node to determine data read from a selected memory cell connected to the selected bit line. The sub memory cell may include a cell transistor. A gate electrode of the cell transistor may be connected to the sub source line.

Abstract: An oral care implement is provided comprising a head comprising a first face having a plurality of cleaning elements extending therefrom. The head has a length and a width perpendicular to the length. The head has a proximal section adjacent to the handle and a distal section remote from the handle, the proximal section having a first maximum width and the distal section having a second maximum width, wherein the second maximum width is less than the first maximum width. The distal and proximal sections are located adjacent to one another and are joined at a waist section that has a third maximum width which is less than the second maximum width. At least one bristle tuft having a distal end remote from the first face is provided that comprises bristles of varying lengths so as to form a cup-shaped recess at the distal end of the bristle tuft.

Abstract: A memory device may include a selected bit line connected to a first node and configured to receive a first current, a selected memory cell connected to the selected bit line, a reference bit line connected to a second node and configured to receive a second current, a reference memory cell connected between the reference bit line and a reference source line, a sub bit line connected to the second node, a sub memory cell connected between the sub bit line and a sub source line, and a sense amplifier configured to sense a voltage difference between the first node and the second node to determine data read from a selected memory cell connected to the selected bit line. The sub memory cell may include a cell transistor. A gate electrode of the cell transistor may be connected to the sub source line.

Abstract: An oral care implement including a body comprising a handle, a head at an end of the handle, and at least one fluid outlet, the head having at least one oral care element extending therefrom; a reservoir, in the body, for storing an oral care fluid; and a pump for pumping the oral care fluid from the reservoir towards the fluid outlet, wherein the pump comprises a first check valve downstream of the reservoir, and a second check valve downstream of the first check valve and upstream of the fluid outlet. One of the first and second check valves comprises a valve seat defining an opening through which the oral care fluid is flowable, a valve member separate from the valve seat and comprising a stopper movable linearly relative to the valve seat, and a resilient element separate from the valve member and biasing the stopper towards the valve seat.

Abstract: A logic circuit may include at least one magnetic tunnel junction device including a first layer configured to receive a particular input signal and a second layer connected to a node, and an inverter connected to the node and configured to generate an output signal by inverting a signal of the node, wherein the inverter includes a transistor on a substrate, and the at least one magnetic tunnel junction device is on an upper portion of the transistor. The at least one magnetic tunnel junction device may include first and second magnetic tunnel junction devices configured to receive first and second input signals, respectively. The logic circuit may include a magnetic tunnel junction device and a reference resistor configured to receive a second input signal, the reference resistor connected to the node, the reference resistor having a reference resistance. The logic circuit may be included in an apparatus.

Abstract: The apparatus includes: a pretreatment tank where biomass and a first acid solution are stirred to extract sugar components from the biomass; a hydrolysis tank where water is added to the pretreated mixture transferred from the pretreatment tank such that the concentration of the acid is reduced and the sugar components are hydrolyzed to produce an acid hydrolyzate; a first sugar-acid separation tank where the acid hydrolyzate is separated into a second acid solution and a first hydrolyzate; a second sugar-acid separation tank where the first hydrolyzate is separated into a third acid solution and a second hydrolyzate; a fermentation tank where the second hydrolyzate is fermented to produce bioenergy; and an acid solution concentration tank where a mixture of the second acid solution transferred from the first sugar-acid separation tank and the third acid solution transferred from the second sugar-acid separation tank is concentrated to a higher level for reuse.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a hydrolysate of a mixture of lignocellulosic biomass and seaweed biomass. By mixing seaweed biomass with lignocellulosic biomass and then preparing a hydrolysate, lignocellulosic biomass-derived acetic acid is consumed together with seaweed biomass-derived mannitol. As a result, high sugar productivity can be maintained while reducing fermentation inhibitors. Because the present disclosure can solve the problem of lignocellulosic biomass of decreased fermentation efficiency due to lignocellulose-derived fermentation inhibitors and the problem of seaweed biomass of very low productivity in spite of long fermentation time, the hydrolysate according to the present disclosure may be used to produce biofuels and biochemicals economically.

Abstract: An image display apparatus and a method for operating the same are disclosed. The method for operating an image display apparatus includes setting a position and size of a first undo/redo region based on a gaze of a user if the gaze of the user is to a first position, displaying the set first undo/redo region, extending the first undo/redo region based on movement of the gaze of the user if the gaze of the user is moved from the first position to a second position, displaying a second undo/redo region obtained by extending the first undo/redo region, reducing the size of the second undo/redo region if a time when the gaze of the user is to the second position exceeds a predetermined time, and displaying a third undo/redo region obtained by reducing the second undo/redo region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a battery module balancing method using a single inductor. The battery module balancing method can balance a plurality of battery cells using a single inductor in each of battery modules having modularized battery cells, and balance the plurality of modules using a single inductor. Thus, the battery module balancing method can reduce the number of balancing operations and raise balancing power, thereby improving balancing efficiency.