Abstract: A thermal interposer is provided for attachment to the back surface of a semiconductor device so as to give a very low thermal resistance. In one preferred embodiment, the thermal interposer has two plates containing wick structures such as grooves. The thermal interposer is integrated with a semiconductor device so as to form a vapor chamber. In particular, the back surface of the semiconductor chip is in direct contact with the interior sealed volume of the vapor chamber, so as to greatly reduce the thermal resistance from the combination of the chip and the vapor chamber. Further, the upper plate is thermally coupled to a heat-sinking fixture such as a heat sink or a cold plate.

Abstract: A method of constructing a multicomputer system consisting of a multiplicity of multiple computing units connected together in multiple dimensions. Furthermore, also disclosed is a novel method and arrangement for constructing a computer system constituted of multiple computing units, and wherein air ducting and plenum arrangement direct cooling air flows through the computer system so as to dissipate heat generated by the multiplicity of electronic components of the computer system.

Abstract: A Method and system are disclosed for accessing personal Web site or executing electronic commerce with security in a smart Java card. A personal Web site which includes personal or private information is stored in a personal smart Java card. Before a user can access the Web site stored in the smart Java card, the user is validated by any one of or in combination of PIN, facial images, hand images, eye image, voice characteristics, and finger prints. In addition, an encryption engine embedded in the smart Java card decodes and compares the entered PIN combined with a secure key or security certificate to verify the identity of the user. Before the bank account can be accessed freely by the user, the bank's computer system checks the combined secure data to ensure the authenticity of the card and the user's identity with multiple check points using Internet security protocols via Web browsers.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for enhancing the cooling capacity of portable personal computers. More particularly, disclosed is the provision of an arrangement for increasing the cooling capacity of laptop computers which are constrained in size, weight and power consumption, through which transfers and dissipates heat from semiconductor chips located in the computer and which are to be cooled, to the rear side of a liquid-crystal display of the laptop computer.

Abstract: A fan module including: two or more individual fans, each fan having an air movement means and a motor engaged with the air movement means for accelerating air entering each of the two or more individual fans; a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature associated with the two or more fans and for outputting a first signal corresponding to the temperature; rotational speed sensor for outputting a second signal corresponding to a rotational speed of each of the two or more fans; and a processor for receiving the first and second signals and controlling the two or more individual fans based on the first and second signals.

Abstract: A cooling device having a common cooling distribution unit with multiple compliant cooling elements. Mechanisms are built in to ensure the cooling elements are in good thermal contact with heat generating semiconductor chips of different heights and sizes on a common carrier. The cooling distribution unit has protection structures to prevent the leakage of coolant from the unit. Further reduction of the risk of accidental coolant leakage is provided with the onboard storage of coolant absorbent materials in the coolant distribution unit. The cooling elements have serpentine coolant channels to enhanced the cooling capacity. The compliance of the cooling elements can also be achieved by using concentric tubing to connect the coolant distribution unit to cooling heads on the cooling elements.

Abstract: A cooling mechanism having a heat sink, a first conduction device, and a convection device is provided. The first conduction device conducts heat from a heat source to the heat sink. The convection device has a first side, a second side, a peripheral dimension. The heat sink is disposed about the peripheral dimension of the convection device. The convection device draws in air through the first and second sides and forces the air radially outward across the heat sink. A cooling mechanism is also provided wherein the cooling mechanism has a ratio of heat removal in watts to volume in cubic centimeters from about 1:1 to about 3:11 at a sound level of between about 20 and 40 decibels.

Abstract: A method of constructing a multicomputer system consisting of a multiplicity of multiple computing units connected together in multiple dimensions. Furthermore, also disclosed is a novel method and arrangement for constructing a computer system constituted of multiple computing units, and wherein air ducting and plenum arrangement direct cooling air flows through the computer system so as to dissipate heat generated by the multiplicity of electronic components of the computer system.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for enhancing the cooling capacity of portable personal computers. More particularly, disclosed is the provision of an arrangement for increasing the cooling capacity of laptop computers which are constrained in size, weight and power consumption, through which transfers and dissipates heat from semiconductor chips located in the computer and which are to be cooled, to the rear side of a liquid-crystal display of the laptop computer.

Abstract: A cooling device having a common cooling distribution unit with multiple compliant cooling elements. Mechanisms are built in to ensure the cooling elements are in good thermal contact with heat generating semiconductor chips of different heights and sizes on a common carrier. The cooling distribution unit has protection structures to prevent the leakage of coolant from the unit. Further reduction of the risk of accidental coolant leakage is provided with the onboard storage of coolant absorbent materials in the coolant distribution unit. The cooling elements have serpentine coolant channels to enhanced the cooling capacity. The compliance of the cooling elements can also be achieved by using concentric tubing to connect the coolant distribution unit to cooling heads on the cooling elements.

Abstract: A novel massively parallel supercomputer of hundreds of teraOPS-scale includes node architectures based upon System-On-a-Chip technology, i.e., each processing node comprises a single Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Within each ASIC node is a plurality of processing elements each of which consists of a central processing unit (CPU) and plurality of floating point processors to enable optimal balance of computational performance, packaging density, low cost, and power and cooling requirements. The plurality of processors within a single node may be used individually or simultaneously to work on any combination of computation or communication as required by the particular algorithm being solved or executed at any point in time. The system-on-a-chip ASIC nodes are interconnected by multiple independent networks that optimally maximizes packet communications throughput and minimizes latency.

Abstract: A cooling mechanism having a heat sink, a first conduction device, and a convection device is provided. The first conduction device conducts heat from a heat source to the heat sink. The convection device has a first side, a second side, a peripheral dimension. The heat sink is disposed about the peripheral dimension of the convection device. The convection device draws in air through the first and second sides and forces the air radially outward across the heat sink. A cooling mechanism is also provided wherein the cooling mechanism has a ratio of heat removal in watts to volume in cubic centimeters from about 1:1 to about 3:11 at a sound level of between about 20 and 40 decibels.

Abstract: A fan module including: two or more individual fans, each fan having an air movement means and a motor engaged with the air movement means for accelerating air entering each of the two or more individual fans; a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature associated with the two or more fans and for outputting a first signal corresponding to the temperature; rotational speed sensor for outputting a second signal corresponding to a rotational speed of each of the two or more fans; and a processor for receiving the first and second signals and controlling the two or more individual fans based on the first and second signals.

Abstract: A fan module including: two or more individual fans, each fan having an air movement means and a motor engaged with the air movement means for accelerating air entering each of the two or more individual fans; a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature associated with the two or more fans and for outputting a first signal corresponding to the temperature; rotational speed sensor for outputting a second signal corresponding to a rotational speed of each of the two or more fans; and a processor for receiving the first and second signals and controlling the two or more individual fans based on the first and second signals.

Abstract: A fan module including: two or more individual fans, each fan having an air movement means and a motor engaged with the air movement means for accelerating air entering each of the two or more individual fans; a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature associated with the two or more fans and for outputting a first signal corresponding to the temperature; rotational speed sensor for outputting a second signal corresponding to a rotational speed of each of the two or more fans; and a processor for receiving the first and second signals and controlling the two or more individual fans based on the first and second signals.

Abstract: An electronic package which includes a circuitized substrate with a cavity and a first semiconductor chip positioned therein. The first chip is electrically coupled to conductive members located on the circuitized substrate. A second semiconductor chip is positioned on and electrically coupled to the first chip.

Abstract: An electronic package which includes a circuitized substrate with a cavity and a first semiconductor chip positioned therein. The first chip is electrically coupled to conductive members located on the circuitized substrate. A second semiconductor chip is positioned on and electrically coupled to the first chip.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element, a packaging structure providing thermal and alignment control, a display device including the same, and methods of fabrication and assembly are provided. The liquid crystal element includes: a semiconductor wafer, having microcircuitry and an array of reflective pixels; a layer of electro-optical responsive liquid crystal medium, of uniform thickness, disposed on the reflective pixels; a transparent conductive layer positioned on the liquid crystal, being substantially parallel to the reflective layers, to ensure a uniform thickness of the liquid crystal; and an insulative transparent layer provided on the conductive layer. The liquid crystal element is laminated to an optically flat substrate to limit the out-of-plane distortions thereof. The structure formed by element and substrate are disposed in a substrate holder which is mounted to a wiring board, and coupled to voltage sources for actuating the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element, a packaging structure providing thermal and alignment control, a display device including the same, and methods of fabrication and assembly are provided. The liquid crystal element includes: a semiconductor wafer, having microcircuitry and an array of reflective pixels; a layer of electro-optical responsive liquid crystal medium, of uniform thickness, disposed on the reflective pixels; a transparent conductive layer positioned on the liquid crystal, being substantially parallel to the reflective layers, to ensure a uniform thickness of the liquid crystal; and an insulative transparent layer provided on the conductive layer. The liquid crystal element is laminated to an optically flat substrate to limit the out-of-plane distortions thereof. The structure formed by element and substrate are disposed in a substrate holder which is mounted to a wiring board, and coupled to voltage sources for actuating the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A differential pulse encoding and decoding approach for binary data transmissions, such as binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) data transmissions, for sending and recovering a serial, binary digital data stream by differentiating the pulses thereof. A method and system are disclosed for transmitting from a transmitter to a receiver a digital data signal containing a stream of binary data bits having a first high value and a second low value. At the transmitter, the digital signal is transformed into a differential signal which contains pulses corresponding to transitions between the first and second values. The digital signal is transformed into the differential signal by an encoder which can be a differentiator circuit or an RC high-pass filter circuit. If frequency spectrum is a concern, a low-pass filter can filter the output of the encoder. The differential signal is then transmitted, and received by the receiver which reconstructs the original digital signal therefrom.