Abstract: The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing and use of the ammunition round in other more conventional weapon systems than the said electrothermal and/or electrothermochemical weapon systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cartridge case (2) and ammunition round (1) primarily for electrothermal and/or electrothermochemical weapon systems, which round comprises the said cartridge case. According to the invention, the casing (10) of the cartridge case comprises or consists of one or more insulated or insulating shells, layers or surfaces (11, 12, 13) for, at least electrically, insulating the casing of the cartridge case from the barrel (14) of the weapon system and also preferably from at least the bottom (16) and/or firing device (5) of the ammunition round as well, but preferably also from the rest of the ammunition round when the round is used, and also preferably from at least the bottom and/or firing device of the ammunition round as well, but preferably also from the rest of the ammunition round, when the round is stored and handled.

Abstract: The method is for bleaching cellulose pulp in a bleach line that has at least two bleaching steps. The filtrate distribution is led up through the bleaching line counter-currently to the flow of cellulose pulp established in the bleaching line. A single joint main conduit is used for the bleaching steps. Wash filtrates obtained from the wash steps, used after or before the bleaching step, are led in conduits to branch locations on the main conduit that are positioned downstream of the branch location for drawing off of wash and/or dilution liquor for the wash step in question. All branch points in the joint main conduit are in fluid communication with one another along the main conduit.

Abstract: The method is for bleaching cellulose pulp in a bleach line that has at least two bleaching steps. The filtrate distribution is led up through the bleaching line counter-currently to the flow of cellulose pulp established in the bleaching line. A single joint main conduit is used for the bleaching steps. Wash filtrates obtained from the wash steps, used after or before the bleaching step, are led in conduits to branch locations on the main conduit that are positioned downstream of the branch location for drawing off of wash and/or dilution liquor for the wash step in question. All branch points in the joint main conduit are in fluid communication with one another along the main conduit.

Abstract: The method is for bleaching cellulose pulp in a bleaching line that has at least two bleaching steps including a first (D1) and a second (D2) bleaching step. The bleaching steps have wash apparatuses (W4, W5) for the pulp arranged after the first and the second bleaching step. Wash liquor and where appropriate dilution liquor is led in principle in counter-current to the pulp flow through the bleaching steps in the bleach line (W1-D0-W2-EO/EOP-W3-D1-W4-D2-W5). At least one of wash liquor and dilution liquor is taken to the subsequent wash (W5) of the second bleaching step (D2) and at least a part of the wash filtrate from the subsequent wash of the second bleaching step is led to a second branch position (A2) in the main conduit.

Abstract: The invention concerns a simplified method for the continuous cooking of wood raw material in the form of sawdust for the production of cellulose pulp, The method does not require any thickening stages and can be carried out with a minimum of process equipment. The complete process can be established with a steaming vessel, a cooking vessel and a subsequent pressure diffuser while the sawdust is mixed with the cooking fluid to form a slurry. The slurry has a consistency that throughout the process does not exceed 20%. The maximum consistency is preferably held at a maximum consistency of about 15-17%.

Abstract: The method is for feeding a chips-slurry from a low-pressure to a high-pressure system during the continuous cooking of chemical cellulose pulp. The feed takes place through a sluice feeder 53? between these systems. The sluice feeder is provided with a rotor with through-pockets 1, 2 that are alternately connected with the low- or the high-pressure system. A recirculation line 54?, that has a high-pressure pump 57?, extends from the first outlet 53b? of the sluice feeder to the second inlet 53c? of the sluice feeder for transporting the fluid that has been expelled from the pockets of the sluice feeder when these are located in their first position. The fluid expels the chips mixture from the pockets of the sluice feeder in their second position and is essentially exclusively constituted by the fluid that has been expelled from the pockets in their first position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for supplying washing liquid to a digester (1) for cellulose pulp and a subsequent diffuser washing device (2a, 2b). A high, disturbance-free production capacity can be obtained by using a common feed pump (P1) which, via a main feed line (10), supplies both the diffuser washing device and the digester with washing liquid in parallel. The first pump (P1) establishes a pressure on the washing liquid which is in the interval 2–6 bar, and is preferably 4 bar, while the second pressure level, which is established by the diffuser pump device (P2a, P2b), is in the interval 6–12 bar, but is at least 2 bar higher than the first pressure level, and the third pressure level, which is established by the digester pump (P3), is in the interval 12–25 bar The system becomes self-regulating in the event of any operational disturbances in the flow of washing liquid and, if the pumps are appropriate, a countercurrent flow of washing liquid through the system is essentially maintained.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a device for the dilution of dewatered cellulose pulp that maintains a consistency of 30% or greater. By shredding of the pulp to a finely divided dry granulate, dilution to a homogeneous consistency in the medium consistency range can take place exclusively through hydrodynamic effects from the addition of dilution fluid. The dilution fluid is added to the granulate at a position at which the granulate is in free fall in a stand pipe 22, 40 and above a level LiqLEV of diluted pulp in the stand pipe. A number of nozzles are arranged around the periphery of the stand pipe, directed in towards the centre of the stand pipe, obliquely downwards in the direction of fall of the granulate. It is possible through this simplified procedure to avoid completely the conventional dilution screws, and this reduces the investment costs and is operating costs, while at the same time unnecessary mechanical influence of the pulp fibres can be avoided.

Abstract: A procedure for the continuous cooking of chemical pulp, comprising an impregnation vessel 101 and a digester 102. The chips are impregnated in the impregnation vessel 101 and are fed after impregnation together with circulation fluid through a transfer line 103 to a top separator 105 on the digester 102 in order to be cooked. A fraction of the circulation fluid is withdrawn at a top separator 105 and returned to the bottom of the impregnation vessel 101 via a return line 106. Black liquor is withdrawn from the digester via a black liquor line 108 to the impregnation vessel 101. The invention is characterised in that a heat exchanger 107 is arranged between the return line 106 and the black liquor line 108. The heat exchanger 107 allows the exchange of heat between the two lines, but does not allow the exchange of fluid. The temperature of the black liquor in the black liquor line 108 after passing through the heat exchanger 107 has been cooled by 10-15 ° C.

Abstract: The method and an arrangement are for improved impregnation of chips in association with the manufacture of chemical cellulose pulp. Un-steamed chips are fed into an impregnation vessel (30) in which a fluid level (LIQ_LEV) is established under the highest level (CH_LEV) of the chips. An improved impregnation arrangement for the chips is obtained by the addition of impregnation fluids (BL1/BL2/BL3) with increasing temperatures at different heights (P1, P2, P3), and by the establishment of a counter-flow zone (Z1) in the uppermost part of the impregnation vessel. The requirement for steaming may in this way be dramatically reduced while at the same time the amount of expelled waste gases may be minimized. A major part of the volatile compounds present in the wood are bound to the impregnation fluid (REC) that is withdrawn.

Abstract: The method is for controlling the cooking temperature in a continuous vapour phase digester for chip-shaped cellulose material. A high pressure is established in the vapour phase largely by means of steam, without risk of attaining excessively high temperatures in the cooking. A temperature-controlled supply of cooking liquor in close proximity to the surface of the liquor level is introduced to obtain a protective liquor surface with a temperature lower than the vapour phase. A lower initial cooking temperature is obtained in the cooking zone, which ensures that the exothermic cooking process does not lead to the attainment of temperatures detrimental to the pulp quality.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of bleaching cellulose pulp in a bleach line having at least two bleaching steps D1, D2 of alkaline or acidic type, and a bleaching line for the method, in which the filtrate distribution is led up through the bleaching line in counter-current to the flow of cellulose pulp established in the bleaching line. Instead of a conventional filtrate distribution including filtrate tanks, a single joint main conduit 1 is used for the bleaching steps of the same type. Wash filtrate obtained from the wash steps of the same type used after or before the bleaching step, is led to a branch point A2, A4, A6 on the main conduit 1, that is positioned after the branch point for drawing off of wash and/or dilution liquor for the wash step in question A1, A3, A5, A7. All branch points in the joint main conduit are in open communication with each other in the main conduit, at least as seen in a direction from the last bleaching step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for supplying washing liquid to a digester (1) for cellulose pulp and a subsequent diffuser washing device (2a, 2b). A high, disturbance-free production capacity can be obtained by using a common feed pump (P1) which, via a main feed line (10), supplies both the diffuser washing device and the digester with washing liquid in parallel. The first pump (P1) establishes a pressure on the washing liquid which is in the interval 2-6 bar, and is preferably 4 bar, while the second pressure level, which is established by the diffuser pump device (P2a, P2b), is in the interval 6-12 bar, but is at least 2 bar higher than the first pressure level, and the third pressure level, which is established by the digester pump (P3), is in the interval 12-25 bar. The system becomes self-regulating in the event of any operational disturbances in the flow of washing liquid and, if the pumps are appropriate, a countercurrent flow of washing liquid through the system is essentially maintained.

Abstract: Method of producing a process steam from a first black liquor derived in connection with the production of paper pulp, wherein the first black liquor is treated to give a second black liquor of a higher concentration than the first black liquor as well as a liquid of low concentration, whereafter said process steam is produced from the low concentration liquid.

Abstract: A method for the continuous cooling of chemical pulp with the aim of achieving improved heat economy in a digester system comprising a vessel (1) for impregnation and a vessel (2) for cooking the impregnated cellulose chips. A part of the black liquor (14) withdrawn from the digester (2) is added at the beginning of a transfer system (4) having maintained essentially the withdrawl temperature, increasing the temperature of the chips mixture in the transfer system (4). A fraction of the transport fluid (10) from the transfer system (4) that is continuously withdrawn from the impregnated chips fed into the top of the digester is returned to the impregnation vessel (1) at essentially maintained transfer temperature, at a location before the said transfer system (4), seen from the point of view of the direction of flow of the chips.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for continuous cooking of wood chips at elevated pressure and temperature in a vertical digester (1) for production of chemically dissolved pulp. Fiber material and cooking liquor are introduced at the top of the digester and pulp is discharged from the bottom of the digester (1), via a line (8) in which the pulp is maintained at substantially the same pressure level, to a pressurized wash (7). More than 50% of the used cooking liquor (black liquor) which is extracted from the system in total is extracted from the wash filtrate of the pressurized wash. The pressurized wash is regulated so that a high temperature is maintained in the wash filtrate. The extraction is regulated so that a net co-current flow is established at the bottom of the digester.

Abstract: A sluice (2) for discharging bulk material, in particular fibers, from a cyclone device comprises a circumferential wall (4) in the form of a curved bendable band, which defines a generally cylindrical chamber (10) with an inlet (38) for receiving bulk material from the cyclone device and an outlet (14) for discharging bulk material substantially tangentially from the cylindrical chamber. A sluice wheel (16) is rotatable in the chamber about a vertical axis (12) extending through the center of the sluice wheel for sluicing the bulk material in batches from the inlet through the chamber to the outlet. The inlet (38) is situated centrally above the sluice wheel for supplying bulk material substantially axially to the slice wheel.

Abstract: Fiber material and cooking liquor are introduced at the top of the digester and pulp is discharged from the bottom of the digester, via a line in which the pulp is maintained at substantially the same pressure level, to a pressurized wash. More than 50% of the used cooking liquor (black liquor) which is extracted from the system in total is extracted from the wash filtrate of the pressurized wash. At the same time a small portion of the wash filtrate is also to be recirculated to the bottom of the digester as dilution liquid. The pressurized wash is regulated so that a high temperature is maintained in the wash filtrate. The extraction is regulated so that a net co-current flow is established at the bottom of the digester.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for controlling the cooking temperature in a continuous vapour phase digester for chip-shaped cellulose material. According to the invention high pressure can be established in the vapour phase largely by means of steam, without risk of attaining excessively high temperatures in the cooking. Nor is there any risk of foaming incurred in connection with pressure relief of pressurized cooking liquor, which often ensues in vapour phase digesters when the pressure is maintained by means of air supplied to the vapour phase. These problems are effectively avoided by introducing a temperature-controlled supply of cooking liquor in close proximity to the surface of the liquor level, as a result of which a protective liquor surface with a temperature lower than the vapour phase can be obtained.