Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for vehicle localization via amplitude audio features. In this regard, an amplitude audio signature of audio data received from one or more audio sensors of a vehicle is determined. Location data associated with the vehicle is also determined. Based on the location data for the vehicle, at least a portion of an audio feature map is selected. The audio feature map stores amplitude audio signatures associated with road noise in relation to respective locations. Furthermore, the amplitude audio signature of the audio data is compared with the amplitude audio signatures of the audio feature map. Based on the comparison between the amplitude audio signature of the audio data and the amplitude audio signatures of the audio feature map, a location of the vehicle is refined to generate updated location data for the vehicle.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method, a system, and a computer program product for detecting a speed funnel in a region. The method comprises obtaining a plurality of traffic object observations for the region and determining at least one first learned traffic object, based on feature-based clustering of the plurality of traffic object observations. The method also includes generating at least one candidate traffic object group by grouping the at least one first learned traffic object and a second learned traffic object and performing validation of the at least one candidate traffic object group based on a statistical model. The method further includes generating at least one validated candidate traffic object group as a result of the validation of the at least one candidate traffic object group and merging the at least one validated candidate traffic object group with a second validated candidate traffic object group to detect the speed funnel.

Abstract: An approach is provided for operating a vehicle using vulnerable road user data. The approach, for example, involves determining a road link on which the vehicle is traveling or expects to travel. The approach also involves querying a geographic database for a vulnerable road user attribute of the road link. The approach further involves providing a notification to activate or deactivate an autonomous driving mode of the vehicle, a vehicle sensor of the vehicle, or a combination thereof while the vehicle travels on the road link based on determining that the vulnerable road user attribute meets a threshold criterion.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product are provided for classifying at least one speed sign associated with a region. In an example embodiment, the method may include obtaining sensor data comprising speed limit data associated with the at least one speed sign. The method may further include obtaining map data associated with a segment of the region, wherein the map data comprises conditional speed limit data associated with a conditional speed limit sign linked with the segment. The method may further include comparing the speed limit data with the conditional speed limit data and classifying the at least one speed sign as one of a conditional speed sign or a non-conditional speed sign based on the comparison.

Abstract: A system, a method, and computer program product are provided for generating placement data of a road sign are provided. The method comprises obtaining a set of road sign observations that comprise sign placement label data and a first lateral offset value of each road sign observation of the set of road sign observations, determining, using a probabilistic model, a lateral threshold value based on distribution of the sign placement label data and the first lateral offset value of each road sign observation, and obtaining a second lateral offset value of the road sign. The method further comprises generating the placement data of the road sign based on the lateral threshold value and the second lateral offset value of the road sign.

Abstract: A system, a method, and a computer program product for generating classification data of a sign. The method comprises obtaining map data of the sign, obtaining a map matched link and at least one parallel link associated with the sign based on the map data, determining presence data of at least one blocking link between the map-matched link and the at least one parallel link, wherein the at least one blocking link satisfies one or more of a heading criterion and a distance criterion. The method further comprises generating the classification data of the sign based on the presence data of the at least one blocking link.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product for activating a flood event warning are described herein. In the context of a method, a location may be identified as a flood prone location. Data relating to the flood prone location may be received from one or more remote devices. The method may determine a flood confidence for the flood prone location based upon the data. The method may identify an active flood event for the flood prone location based on the flood confidence and cause a flood event warning to be activated in an instance in which the active flood event is identified.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product is provided, for example, for generating heading information. The method comprises receiving a coordinate information for a gantry. The method further comprises receiving an identification information for a link associated with the gantry. Additionally, the method comprises extracting information related to one or more shape points associated with the link based on the identification information. Further, the method comprises matching the coordinate information for the gantry with at least two consecutive shape points from the one or more shape points, wherein the at least two consecutive shape points are closest from the gantry. Also, the method comprises calculating, by a processor, a heading value for the gantry based on the matching. The heading value for the gantry may be used to identify direction information for the gantry, which may further be used for updates.

Abstract: A system, a method and a computer program product are provided for evaluating quality of data, such as sensor data and map data, using a machine learning model. The system may include at least one memory configured to store computer executable instructions and at least one processor configured to execute the computer executable instructions to obtain first sensor features of the first sensor data associated with a road object in a first geographic region, first map features of the first map data associated with the road object and ground truth data associated with the road object. The processor may be configured to generate the machine learning model by configuring the ground truth data and calculating first information scores for each of the first sensor features and the first map features by recursively splitting each of the first sensor features and the first map features.

Abstract: An approach is provided for providing a temporary parking recommendation based on a risk of hindering parking space usage. The approach involves determining parking data for the one or more parking areas that are within a designated proximity of a location in a road network. The approach also involves calculating a parking score for the location based on the parking data. The parking score represents a risk that a vehicle parking at the location will hinder at least one other vehicle when the at least one other vehicle attempts to enter or exit the one or more parking areas. The approach further involves providing the parking score as an output.

Abstract: A system, a method, and a computer program product for determining a sign type of a road sign are disclosed herein. The system comprises a memory configured to store computer-executable instructions and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions to obtain sensor data associated with the road sign, wherein the sensor data comprises data associated with counts of road sign observations, determine one or more features associated with the road sign, based on the obtained sensor data, and determine the sign type of the road sign, based on the one or more features.

Abstract: A method, a system, and a computer program product may be provided for updating a map database to indicate presence status of a road sign. The method may include receiving a road sign observation from at least one vehicle. The method may further include determining a road sign confidence score based on the received road sign observation, wherein the road sign observation comprises at least one of a positive road sign observation and a negative road sign observation. Additionally, the method may include updating the map database to indicate the presence status of the road sign based on the road sign confidence score being above a predetermined threshold, wherein the confidence score is based on at least one of the positive road sign observation and the negative road sign observation.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program product are provided for encoding audio events as geo-referenced audio events for use in location establishment. Methods may include: receiving first audio data from a first sensor; identifying, within the first audio data, a first audio event, where the first audio event satisfies at least one predefined criteria; identifying a location corresponding to the first audio event; encoding the first audio event in a database to correspond to the location; receiving second audio data from a second sensor; identifying, within the second audio data, a second audio event; correlating the second audio event with the first audio event; and providing the location in response to the second audio data. The at least one criteria may include a statistically significant change in amplitude in the audio data.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program product are provided for encoding audio events as geo-referenced audio events for use in location establishment. Methods may include: receiving first audio data from a first sensor; establishing a baseline frequency profile; identifying, within the first audio data, a first audio event, where the first audio event satisfies at least one predefined criteria relative to the baseline frequency profile; identify a location corresponding to the first audio event; encoding the first audio event in a database to correspond to the location; receiving second audio data from a second sensor; identifying, within the second audio data, a second audio event; correlating the second audio event with the first audio event; and providing the location in response to the second audio data. The at least one criteria may include a statistically significant change in a prominent frequency in the audio data.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product is provided, for example, for learning about a road sign using clustering of pre-processed road sign recognition observations. In an example embodiment, the method may include receiving, by a layered clustering system, the pre-processed road sign recognition observations generated by at least one sensor installed on a vehicle. The pre-processed road sign recognition observations include at least two continuous-value attributes. The method may further include creating, by the layered clustering system, a first clustering label corresponding to a first attribute of the at least two continuous-value attributes for generating a plurality of first clusters.

Abstract: A system, a method, and a computer program product for validating a road sign are provided. The method comprises determining a transition location associated with the road sign using map data. The transition location is at least one of a map region start location or a map region end location. The method further comprises determining road sign data associated with the road sign using a sensor data cluster. The method further comprises determining a validity of the road sign based on the road sign data and the transition location.

Abstract: A method, a system, and a computer program product are provided for determining roadwork extension data for identification of at least one roadwork extension. The method, for example, includes clustering a first plurality of lane marking observations captured by a plurality of vehicles, based on a lane marking location and a lane marking heading of each of the first plurality of lane marking observations to generate at least one lane marking cluster and map-matching the lane marking cluster to one or more links to obtain one or more map-matched links. The method further includes searching for one or more missing links associated with each of the map-matched links based on link attributes of the map-matched links and a distance threshold and generating the roadwork extension data based on the map matched links and the missing links.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for determining a positional offset associated with a location of a road sign are disclosed herein. The method comprises obtaining a first plurality of road sign observations of the road sign captured by a plurality of vehicles, wherein the first plurality of road sign observations comprise location data of the plurality of vehicles, heading data of the plurality of vehicles, and speed data of the plurality of vehicles. The method further comprises computing, by a processor, a plurality of longitudinal offsets between at least a second plurality of road sign observations of the first plurality of road sign observations and ground truth data associated with the road sign.

Abstract: An apparatus is configured to perform a method for generating warning polygons for weather events in a geographic region. The method includes receiving measurement data from one or more sensors, identifying at least one location from the measurement data, identifying a map tile within a predetermined distance to the at least one location, defining an index including the map tile in response to identification that the map tile is within the predetermined distance to the at least one location, calculating a confidence level for the map tile accessed from the index, comparing the confidence level for the map tile to a threshold confidence level, clustering the map tile in a map tile cluster in response to the confidence level exceeding the threshold level, and calculating a polygon based on the map tile cluster such that the polygon intersects the geographic region.

Abstract: A method, a system, and a computer program product are provided for generating route data of one or more routes through an area. The method includes obtaining from a map database, a plurality of map-matched links corresponding to area and determining one or more first links and one or more second links from the plurality of map-matched links. The method further includes searching the map database, in the downstream of each of the first links for one or more missing downstream links and searching the map database in the upstream of each of the second links for one or more missing upstream links, and generating the route data of the routes based on the first link, the second link, the missing downstream links, the missing upstream links, and the plurality of map-matched links.