Abstract: A process for isolating purified 2-methoxypropene from a mixture which comprises 2,2-dimethoxypropane, 2-methoxypropene, methanol, acetone, and optionally other carbonyl group-containing compounds, which process involves subjecting the mixture to distillation, adding 2-aminoethanol and at least one base as assistants in the distillation, and isolating purified 2-methoxypropene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing UV-absorbing transparent wear protection layers by vacuum coating in which at the same time or immediately one after the other at least one inorganic compound that forms layers with high wear resistance and an inorganic compound that forms layers with high UV-absorption are deposited on a substrate respectively by means of reactive or partially reactive plasma-aided high-rate deposition.

Abstract: 4-alkylpyrimidine is produced by reacting formamide with a formyl methyl alkyl ketone diacetal without the addition of water at a temperature that allows removal of the 4-alkylpyrimidine from the reaction mixture by distillation. The process is readily applicable on an industrial scale and succeeds without the addition of water or ammonium chloride as a catalyst and permits the production of 4-alkylpyrimidine in good yields and excellent purities without time-consuming extraction steps.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the plasma activated vapor coating of large-surface moved substrates, comprising at least one vacuum recipient, one pump system, one evaporator, one device for holding and transporting the substrates to be coated and at least one arc discharge plasma source, whereby at least one device for generating a magnetic field is included, which device can generate a magnetic field between the evaporator and the substrate, the field lines of which magnetic field are aligned approximately perpendicular to the movement direction and parallel to the transport plane of the substrate, and at least one arc discharge plasma source is arranged such that the axis of the arc discharge plasma source is aligned approximately perpendicular to the field lines of the magnetic field.

Abstract: Monochlorinated hydrocarbons of high isomeric purity are prepared by a process, which comprises: reacting a monoalcohol having an alkyl radical having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms with cyanuric chloride; and purifying the resulting monochlorinated hydrocarbon by distillation after separation of salts and washing the monochlorinated hydrocarbon with alkali. The invention relates to a process for preparing monochlorinated hydrocarbons which contain an alkyl radical having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms and have a high isomeric purity by reacting a monoalcohol having a hydrocarbon radical containing an alkyl radical having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms to which additional cycloaliphatic radicals, aryl radicals, aralkyl radicals and alkylaryl radicals may be bound with cyanuric chloride, separating off salts, washing the reaction mixture with alkali and purifying the resulting monochlorinated hydrocarbons by distillation.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trialkoxyethane of formula (II): wherein R1 to R3, which may be the same or different, are alkyl, or any two of the alkyl groups taken together form a cyclic group, is prepared by reacting 1,1,1-trialkoxyethane with gaseous or liquid chlorine in the presence of alcohol solvent in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 20 wt %, based on the amount of 1,1,1-trialkoxyethane reactant.

Abstract: An acetal or a ketal are prepared by reacting a carbonyl compound and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst and water. Water and alcohol are removed from the reaction mixture in an at least two-stage pervaporation or vapor permeation process using a plurality of membranes. Additional alcohol is fed into a retentate stream of at least one of the two stages. At least one of the plurality of membranes in the two-stage pervaporation or vapor permeation process is different from the other membranes in terms of selectivity behavior in the removal of water and alcohol.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trialkoxyethane of formula (II): 1

Abstract: Monochlorinated hydrocarbons of high isomeric purity are prepared by a process, which comprises:

Abstract: 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic diesters are prepared from malonic diesters, 1,2-dihaloethane and alkali metal carbonate in the presence of a mixture of available or in situ-produced phase transfer catalyst and polyalkylene glycol or derivatives thereof which are capped at one or both ends, in particular those with ether end groups, where the molar ratio of malonic diester: 1,2-dihaloethane: alkali metal carbonate is 1:(1 to 7):(1 to 1.4).

Abstract: 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic diesters are prepared from malonic diesters, 1,2-dihaloethane and alkali metal carbonate in the presence of a mixture of available or in situ-produced phase transfer catalyst and polyalkylene glycol or derivatives thereof which are capped at one or both ends, in particular those with ether end groups, where the molar ratio of malonic diester: 1,2-dihaloethane: alkali metal carbonate is 1:(1 to 7):(1 to 1.4).

Abstract: Method for producing at least one organically-modified oxide, oxinitride or nitride layer by vacuum coating on a substrate through plasma-enhanced evaporation of evaporation material comprising nitride-forming evaporation material and one of oxide and suboxide evaporation material, wherein the at least one layer is deposited through plasma-enhanced, reactive high-rate evaporation of the evaporation material with use of gaseous monomers and a reactive gas including at least one of oxygen and nitrogen, and wherein the evaporation material, gaseous monomers, and reactive gas pass through a high-density plasma zone immediately in front of the substrate.

Abstract: A process for preparing high-purity cyclopropyl methyl ketone from compositions which contain cyclopropyl methyl ketone, 4,5-dihydro-2-methylfuran, addition products of 4,5-dihydro-2-methylfuran by a continuous rectification process in which at least a portion of the composition to be purified is introduced into a rectification apparatus via a side feed located above the bottom portion of the apparatus.

Abstract: A method for preparing 1,3-dioxane compounds of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical; and X.sup.1 and X.sup.2, independently of one another, represent an electronegative groups, which method entails reacting a bis(hydroxymethyl) compound of the formula (II): ##STR2## in which X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each, independently of one another, are as defined above, with an orthocarboxylic acid ester of the formula R.sup.4 --C(OR.sup.5).sub.3 (III), in which R.sup.4 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical and R.sup.5 represents a hydrocarbon radical, and with an aldehyde or ketone of the formula R.sup.1 --CO--R.sup.2 (IV), in which R and R each, independently of one another, are as defined above.

Abstract: A process an device for ion-supported vacuum coating.The process and the affiliated device is intended to permit the high-rate ating of large-surfaced, electrically conductive and electrically insulating substrates with electrically insulating and electrically conductive coatings with relatively low expenditure. The substrates are predominantly band-shaped, in particular plastic sheets with widths of over a meter.According to the invention, in an intrinsically known device for vacuum coating, alternating negative and positive voltage pulses are applied to the electrically conductive substrate or in electrically insulating substrates, to an electrode disposed directly behind them, e.g. the cooling roller, relative to the plasma or to an electrode that is disposed almost at plasma potential. The form, the voltage, and the duration of the pulses are adapted to the coating task and the material.The process is used particularly for depositing abrasion protection, corrosion protection, and barrier coatings.

Abstract: The cigarette tube filling device (100) comprises a housing bottom part (1), consisting of a base part (2) and of a cover part (3), as well as a housing top part (6). There is formed a press chamber (8), the lower half of which is formed by a tongue (12) and the upper half (11) of which is formed by a part-cylindrical recess (11) of the top part (6). The housing top part (6) is mounted on the housing bottom part (1) pivotably about an axis (7) extending parallel to the press chamber (8). In the housing bottom part (1), a straight guide (27, 28) parallel to the press chamber (8) is provided for the slide (20) comprising the tongue (12).

Abstract: It is known that improved coating properties can be obtained by plasma action in vacuum deposition, especially by vaporization. Substantially higher coating rates can be attained in vapor deposition, but, with high plasma densities, they result in excessive scattering of the electron beam and reduce the power density. According to the invention, a plasma source, preferably a hollow cathode are source, is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the substrate. Between the evaporator and the substrate there is a device for generating a magnetic field so that the region of high plasma density is separated from the evaporator and the electron beam by the magnetic field. The boundary field lines of this magnetic field run along an arc curving with respect to the substrate.

Abstract: Certain non-optical characteristics and, in particular, mechanical characteristics are not measurable in situ in the industrial production of layers using plasma-assisted reactive electron beam vaporization, particularly if high demands are made on the hardness, wear resistance and barrier action, so as to be able to reproducibly apply the layers. The values of the optical layer characteristics are to be used as a control signal. In this method, immediately after the substrate has passed through the vaporizing zone, the reflection and/or transmission and absorption capacity are measured in the wavelength range .DELTA..sub.k =150 to 800 nm and from this are determined the refractive index and optical absorption coefficient. These determined values are compared with an experimentally determined desired value. A control signal obtained therefrom, in the case of a constant reactive gas partial pressure, controls the plasma and maintains constant the optical characteristics of the layer.

Abstract: A device for filling prefabricated cigarette tubes, having a housing (1), a tobacco chamber (17), a trough-shaped tobacco holder (7), a compression bar (23), a stop (31) for one end of the plug of tobacco, a finger or bushing (14) on which one end of a cigarette tube can be placed and a sliding cover (11). The length of the plug of tobacco formed can be adjusted to fit cigarette tubes of different lengths by adjusting the length of the tobacco chamber (17) and the length of the compression bar (23). The invention does this by virtue of the fact that the stop (31) defining one end of the tobacco chamber is adjustable in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tobacco holder (7) and that at least two movable sections (41, 42, 43) of the compression bar, each of different length and each capable of acting as an extension to a stationary part (30) of the bar, are mounted on a rotatable component (40) whose axis of rotation (45) is parallel to the surface (44) of the compression bar.