Abstract: A paper assembly is formed having an envelope and a carrier portion, such that the overall assembly is a generally flat paper assembly having a length and width of a standard paper size such as 8½ in.×11 in. or A-4 size. The assembly, having a footprint equal to a standard paper size, may be fed into a standard size paper tray of a printer such as a laser printer or an ink jet printer, with the printer printing on the front face of the envelop. After printing the envelope may be stuffed with material to be mailed, and the envelope separated from the carrier portion and sealed for mailing. In a first embodiment the carrier is an L-shaped piece of paper that is formed separately from the envelope and releasably adhered to the backside thereof, the L-cut having an acute angle and a rounded corner. In another embodiment the L-shaped carrier is releasably adhered to the front side of the envelope.

Abstract: An active noise control system (20) includes a controller (34) having an error signal processing module (38). The controller (34) updates a value of an adaptive filter (40) based upon an averaged error signal (56). A convergence factor (58) used in a least mean square update equation (60) can be selected independent of an averaging parameter &tgr;E, which allows for faster convergence without the otherwise associated instability.

Abstract: An active noise control system (20) includes a controller (34) that receives a signal from a single pressure sensor (36). The controller (34) estimates an engine speed of an engine (30) and a throttle position of a throttle valve associated with an air intake manifold (32). The controller (34) generates a noise control signal that drives a speaker (38), which responsively generates a noise attenuation signal. The disclosed embodiment may be used in an after-market product as it requires minimal interfacing with other vehicle electronics.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to a method and apparatus for performing logic equivalence checking (EC) of circuits using adaptive learning based on a persistent cache containing information on sub-problems solved from previous equivalency checking runs. These sub-problems can include basic EC tasks such as logic cone comparison and/or state element mapping.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling the movement of a device is disclosed. According to the present invention, a method and system includes moving a device based on the detection of ocular movement. Through the use of the method and system in accordance with the present invention, a user has the ability to automatically control the movement of a device by simply moving her eyes in the direction that she wants the device to move. The method and system include capturing a plurality of images of an ocular unit, determining a direction of movement of the ocular unit based on the plurality of images and moving the device based on the direction of movement of the ocular unit.

Abstract: Upon a triggering event, a delay chain shifts data out at a higher rate than incoming packets and a processor controls bypassing circuitry to reduce the latency of hardware implementations of, for example, 802.11a OFDM receivers, with long delay chains. The signal processing algorithms used to recover symbol timing need a large number of samples stored in a delay chain, often consisting of pipelined registers. Such a delay chain introduces a large lag between the time samples have been acquired by the data converters and the time they are processed. This delay makes it difficult for higher level network layer implementations to meet the deadlines of 802.11a WLAN protocol. The proposed scheme implements dynamic reduction in the depth of the delay chain once timing recovery has been performed. A multi-step scheme achieves exponential reduction in the number of elements in the delay chain in every step.

Abstract: The invention includes an apparatus and a method that provides a memory back-up system. The memory back-up system includes a first memory cell, and a non-volatile memory cell that is interfaced to the first memory cell. Control circuitry allows data to be written to either the first memory cell or the non-volatile memory cell, and provides transfer of the data from either the first memory cell or the non-volatile memory cell, to the other of either the first memory cell or the non-volatile memory cell. The memory back-up system can also include a plurality of first memory cells, and a plurality of non-volatile memory cells that are interfaced to the first memory cells. Control circuitry allows data to be written to either the first memory cells or the non-volatile memory cells, and that provides transfer of the data from either the first memory cells or the non-volatile memory cells, to the other of either the first memory cells or the non-volatile memory cells.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fast Fourier transform (FFT) architecture. In one embodiment, the FFT architecture includes a pipeline segment having a plurality of data-independent pipelines that receive different time-domain data samples and generate therefrom corresponding intermediate results. Additionally, the FFT architecture also includes a parallel segment, coupled to all of the pipelines, that receives the corresponding intermediate results and generates therefrom corresponding frequency-domain results.

Abstract: A system for fabricating patterns on a semiconductor, the system includes a first aperture having two openings aligned in a first axis, a first mask, a second aperture having two openings aligned in a second axis, and a second mask. The system may be implemented with the second axis substantially perpendicular to the first axis.

Abstract: Using a combination of auto-correlation and cross-correlation techniques provides a symbol timing recovery in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) environment that is extremely robust to wireless channel impairments such as noise, multi-path and carrier frequency offset. An auto-correlator provides an estimate for a symbol boundary, and a cross-correlator is subsequently used to more precisely identify the symbol boundary. Peak processing of the cross-correlation results provides further refinement in symbol boundary detection. In receiving a packet conforming to the IEEE 802.11a standard, the method requires a minimum of only three short symbols of the 802.11a short preamble to determine timing, and guarantees timing lock within the duration of the 802.11a short preamble. This method and system can be easily applied to any other preamble based system such as 802.11g and High Performance Radio LAN/2 (HIPERLAN/2).

Abstract: The invention includes a method of providing magnetic stability of a memory cell. The memory cell is generally located proximate to a conductive line, and proximate to a write mechanism that can set a magnetic state of the memory cell. The method includes receiving a representation of a maximum magnetic field intensity available from the write mechanism. A desirable placement of the memory cell relative to the conductive line can be generated for providing stability of the memory cell, while still allowing the write mechanism to change the magnetic state of the memory cell.

Abstract: A digitizing tablet is disclosed that includes an array of magnetic random access memory cells and a signal processor, coupled to the array. The array of magnetic random access memory cells may be modified by at least one externally-applied magnetic field, each memory cell having a magnetic bit that changes orientation upon application of an electric field or the externally-applied magnetic field to produce a modified electrical signal based on the orientation of the bit when a read signal is applied across the array. The signal processor, which couples to the array of magnetic random access memory cells, is utilized to convey the signal from each memory cell to a display device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in a data processing system for processing user input in a graphical user interface. A graphical user interface is presented using a view controller, wherein the view controller handles the user input to the graphical user interface. Responsive to a selected user input, an event is sent to a first application mediator. Responsive to the first application mediator being unable to process the event, the event is sent to a second application mediator for processing, wherein the first application mediator and the second application mediator handle an order in which a set of displays are displayed by a view controller.

Abstract: A method for authorization to adaptively control access to a resource, comprising the steps of: retrieving at least one role for a principal from one of: 1) a first hierarchy; and 2) a first cache; retrieving a policy from one of: 1) a second hierarchy; and 2) a second cache; providing for the evaluation of the policy based on the at least one role; determining whether to grant the principal access to the resource based on the evaluation of the policy; wherein the at least one role is retrieved from the first cache if the at least one role was retrieved from the first hierarchy; and wherein the policy is retrieved from the second cache if the policy was previously retrieved from the second hierarchy.

Abstract: A method for adaptively managing entitlements, comprising the steps of providing for the association of a role with a first resource; and providing for the association of a policy with a second resource, wherein the policy is based at least partially on the role; and providing for hierarchically relating the role and the policy; and wherein the role is hierarchically equal or superior to the policy.

Abstract: A method for adaptively delegating a capability, comprising the steps of providing for the delegation of the capability to a first role; allowing the step of providing for the delegation to be initiated by a principal in a second role; and hierarchically relating the capability, the first role and the second role.

Abstract: A system and method for authorization to adaptively control access to a resource, comprising the steps of providing for the mapping of a principal to at least one role, wherein the at least one role is hierarchically related to the resource; providing for the evaluation of a policy based on the at least one role; and providing for the determination of whether to grant the principal access to the resource based on the evaluation of the policy.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sorting particles moving through a closed channel system of capillary size comprises a bubble valve for selectively generating a pressure pulse to separate a particle having a predetermined characteristic from a stream of particles. The particle sorting system may further include a buffer for absorbing the pressure pulse. The particle sorting system may include a plurality of closely coupled sorting modules which are combined to further increase the sorting rate. The particle sorting system may comprise a multi-stage sorting device for serially sorting streams of particles, in order to decrease the error rate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in a data processing system for displaying a graphical user interface. A container is displayed in a graphical user interface from a set of containers, wherein a display of the container handled by a view controller from a set of view controllers. Each view controller handles the display of an associated container within the set of containers and user input for the associated container. A display of the set of containers is altered by an application mediator, wherein the set of containers are displayed in an order determined by the application mediator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in a data processing system for refreshing data in an application. A call is received to update data in the application, wherein the data is destined for a component in the application. A data type is identified for the data. Responsive to the data type being a handled data type, the data is formatted and a refresh is called on the component.