Abstract: There is provided a method for installing an endless abrasive belt to a belt holder unit, the method comprising: aligning a base with the belt holder unit, the base comprising a backing plate and at least one belt extraction element extending from the backing plate, wherein a cartridge having a belt pre-tightened around the cartridge is physically coupled with the base such that there is a space between the backing plate and the cartridge; arranging the cartridge to face the belt holder unit; reducing said space by pressing the cartridge against the belt holder unit that causes the at least one belt extraction element to push said belt off around the cartridge as a response to reducing the space; and causing tightening of said belt to the belt holder unit.

Abstract: A User Equipment (UE) including a Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) and a Mobile Equipment (ME) is provided. The ME is coupled to the UICC, and is configured to determine whether the UICC supports a first RAT in response to the UE operating in a cell which utilizes the first RAT, and use a data object for a second RAT to accommodate location information for the first RAT in response to the UICC not supporting the first RAT.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide a method for avoiding reselection of fake cell. The method includes transmitting a first request for network service of a wireless communication network in a first cell from user equipment, receiving a first reject message without integrity protection, adding the first cell to a set-aside cell list, and selecting a cell from other cells that are not included in the set-aside cell list to request network service.

Abstract: A method of maintaining a proper forbidden tracking area identifier (TAI) list is proposed. A UE receives a service area list comprising one or more allowed tracking areas. The service area list may be carried by a configuration update command. UE compares if any of the allowed tracking area having a matching TAI in the forbidden TAI list. Accordingly, UE removes any allowed tracking areas having a matching TAI from the forbidden TAI list. In one embodiment, UE sends a REGISTRATION REQUEST message to initiate a registration procedure. In response, UE receives a REGISTRATION ACCEPT message, which may also carry a service area list. UE may remove the allowed tracking area having a matching TAI from the forbidden TAI list. However, if UE is registered for emergency services, then UE shall not remove the allowed tracking area from the forbidden TAI list.

Abstract: A User Equipment (UE) including a wireless transceiver and a controller is provided. The wireless transceiver performs wireless transmission and reception to and from a first service network utilizing a first Radio Access Technology (RAT) and a second service network utilizing a second RAT. The controller starts a Mobility Management (MM) back-off timer in response to a first MM procedure with the first service network being rejected, determines whether both the UE and the first service network support a dual registration mode in response to starting the MM back-off timer, and initiates a second MM procedure with the second service network via the wireless transceiver when the MM back-off timer is running, in response to determining that both the UE and the first service network support the dual registration mode.

Abstract: A User Equipment (UE) communicates with one or both of a first 3GPP core network and a second 3GPP core network over one or both of a 3GPP access and a non-3GPP access. The communication includes: receiving, from the first 3GPP core network, a reject message; and searching for another suitable cell or another suitable Access Point (AP), when the reject message is received over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access.

Abstract: Examples pertaining to optimized allocation of new equipment identifier in mobile communications are described. An apparatus receives, from a network, an assignment of a plurality of temporary identities. The apparatus identifies itself with one of the plurality of temporary identities in performing a procedure with the network.

Abstract: A method of supporting reception of standalone SERVICE ACCEPT message is proposed. In one embodiment, a new timer is started when the UE determines successful completion of the service request procedure and has not received SERVICE ACCEPT during the procedure. In an alternative embodiment, an existing timer T3417 or T3417ext can be used to define the allowed time window for the reception of SERVICE ACCEPT. While the timer is running, the UE can treat the SERVICE ACCEPT message as successfully received and the message does not cause protocol error.

Abstract: A User Equipment (UE) including a wireless transceiver and a controller is provided. The wireless transceiver performs wireless transmission and reception. The controller selects a PLMN via the wireless transceiver, and determines whether a predetermined ciphering algorithm is adopted for a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) security context. In response to selecting the PLMN and the predetermined ciphering algorithm being adopted for the NAS security context, the controller sends an initial NAS message in which Information Elements (IEs) are in cleartext only to the selected PLMN via the wireless transceiver.

Abstract: Various solutions for avoiding circuit-switched call drop with respect to user equipment and network apparatus in mobile communications are described. An apparatus transmits a non-access stratum (NAS) message in a NAS signaling connection. The apparatus receives a NAS response message. The apparatus initiates a timer to control the NAS signaling connection. The apparatus further receives a circuit-switched (CS) service notification. The apparatus then stops the timer and execute a CS service procedure.

Abstract: Examples pertaining to improved Globally Unique Temporary Identity (GUTI) allocation after establishment of mobile-terminated connection in mobile communications are described. An apparatus implemented in a UE receives a paging message from a network node of a wireless network. The apparatus then transmits a request to the network node responsive to receiving the paging message. In response to transmitting the request, the apparatus receives a signaling from the network node, with the signaling indicating a new temporary identity of the UE.

Abstract: Examples pertaining to user equipment (UE) key derivation at mobility update in mobile communications are described. An apparatus implemented in a UE conducts a registration with a first Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) of a network. The apparatus also conducts one other registration with a second AMF of the network over a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) access. In response, the apparatus receives a request from the second AMF over the 3 GPP access. The apparatus then performs a key derivation to generate a derived key using a keying material from the initial registration with the first AMF to result in the UE and the second AMF sharing a common security context for the 3 GPP access and a non-3 GPP access.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses pertaining to congestion control handling between a communication apparatus and a network apparatus. The communication apparatus may transmit a request message to the network apparatus. The network apparatus may transmit a reject message with a back-off timer value and a back-off priority indication to the communication apparatus. The communication apparatus may determine whether to send a further request message to the network apparatus according to the back-off priority indication.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for handling of non-integrity reject message in the 5G system. In one novel aspect, the UE upon receiving the reject message via one access without integrity protection, retries one or more other accesses for one or more times before treating the rejection genuine. In one embodiment, the UE attempts the same 5GMM procedure over another access in the same cell/tracking area (TA). The alternative access including other types of 3GPP access and non-3GPP access. Subsequently, the UE can search the service from another cell/TA or another PLMN. In one embodiment, if the UE receives reject cause invalidating the UE with one access without integrity protection, the UE tries the system a few times before treating the reject genuine by tracking an invalidating counter, which is increased by one each time the rejection is received with a cause value invalidating the UE.

Abstract: A solution of supporting IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) call setup in a next generation system (5GS) is proposed. During a registration procedure, the network sends indications to a user equipment (UE) indicating whether IMS voice over PS session (VoPS) over 3GPP access and over non-3GPP access is supported or not. The indications comprise two independent indicators, one indicator for indicating whether IMS VoPS is supported over 3GPP access, and the other indicator for indicating whether IMS VoPS is supported over non-3GPP access. In one example, the two independent indicators are included in a 5GS network feature support information element (IE) carried by a registration accept message sent from the network during the registration procedure.

Abstract: Examples pertaining to indication of additional security capabilities using non-access stratum (NAS) signaling in 5th Generation (5G) mobile communications are described. A processor of an apparatus (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) transmits an initial NAS message to a communication entity of a 5G mobile network. The processor then receives a message from the communication entity responsive to the transmitting, the message comprising an additional 5G security parameter information element (IE). The processor proceeds to perform a security mode control procedure using information contained in the additional 5G security parameter IE pertaining to at least one 5G security parameter.

Abstract: Examples pertaining to indication of user equipment (UE) voice capabilities using non-access stratum (NAS) signaling in 5th Generation (5G) mobile communications are described. A processor of an apparatus (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) transmits an indication of a voice domain preference in a 5th Generation System (5GS) to a communication entity of a 5G mobile network. The processor then receives a voice service from the 5G mobile network responsive to the transmission of the indication.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for handling of non-integrity reject message in the 5G system. In one novel aspect, the UE upon receiving the reject message via one access without integrity protection, retries one or more other accesses for one or more times before treating the rejection genuine. In one embodiment, the UE attempts the same 5GMM procedure over another access in the same cell/tracking area (TA). The alternative access including other types of 3GPP access and non-3GPP access. Subsequently, the UE can search the service from another cell/TA or another PLMN. In one embodiment, if the UE receives reject cause invalidating the UE with one access without integrity protection, the UE tries the system a few times before treating the reject genuine by tracking an invalidating counter, which is increased by one each time the rejection is received with a cause value invalidating the UE.

Abstract: Examples pertaining to detection of rogue cells in 5G mobile communications are described. A processor of an apparatus generates at least a part of a request, using a concealment function, and transmits the request to a communication entity. The processor then receives a response message from the communication entity. The processor determines, based on a parameter in the response message, whether the communication entity is a network node of a genuine Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) or a rogue cell faking to be genuine.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure can provide an apparatus and method for performing protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment restriction in emergency registration in a fifth generation system (5GS). The apparatus comprises processing circuitry which is configured to detect whether user equipment (UE) is registered for emergency services via a first access type in the 5GS. When the UE is registered but without an established emergency PDU session, the processing circuitry is configured to establish a new emergency PDU session in the first access type. When the UE is registered and has the established emergency PDU session, the processing circuitry is configured to transfer the established emergency PDU session in the first access type to a second emergency PDU session in a second access type by performing a PDU session establishment procedure or a service request procedure to transfer the established emergency PDU session.