Abstract: Semiconductor chips are described that combine a semiconductor device and a capacitor onto a single substrate such that the semiconductor device and the capacitor are electrically isolated from each other. In one example, a semiconductor chip includes a substrate having a first side and a second side, wherein the second side is opposite the first side. The semiconductor chip further includes a semiconductor device formed on the first side of the substrate and an electrically insulating layer formed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate. The semiconductor chip further includes a capacitor device formed on at least a portion of the electrically insulating layer on the second side of the substrate, wherein the capacitor device is electrically insulated from the semiconductor device.

Abstract: Semiconductor chips are described that combine a semiconductor device and a capacitor onto a single substrate such that the semiconductor device and the capacitor are electrically isolated from each other. In one example, a semiconductor chip includes a substrate having a first side and a second side, wherein the second side is opposite the first side. The semiconductor chip further includes a semiconductor device formed on the first side of the substrate and an electrically insulating layer formed on at least a portion of the second side of the substrate. The semiconductor chip further includes a capacitor device formed on at least a portion of the electrically insulating layer on the second side of the substrate, wherein the capacitor device is electrically insulated from the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electronic circuit with an integrally formed capability of providing information indicative of a value of a current flowing in the electronic circuit, wherein the method comprises forming an electrically conductive wiring structure on a substrate, configuring a first section of the wiring structure for contributing to a predefined use function of the electronic circuit, and configuring a second section of the wiring structure for providing information indicative of the value of the current flowing in the electronic circuit upon applying a stimulus signal to the second section, wherein at least a part of the configuring of the first section and the configuring of the second section is performed simultaneously.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, wherein exhaust gas produced by the internal combustion engine is returned to the internal combustion engine via an exhaust gas recirculation device, which comprises at least two cooling units with each of which a bypass is associated, the exhaust gas being cooled in the exhaust gas recirculation device as a function of the load state of the internal combustion engine, and wherein fresh air is fed to the internal combustion engine via a charge-air feed device, which comprises at least one cooling unit and at least one bypass connected in parallel to the cooling unit, the fresh air being supplied via the cooling unit and/or the bypass as a function of the load state. The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust gas recirculation device and a charge-air feed device.

Abstract: In the operation of a fuel cell of a fuel cell system, water contained in the exhaust gas is stored in a water tank. The water tank has means for discharging the water in increments or portions. For example, the water can exit as droplets through the porous floor surface of the water tank, and be carried off by the driving wind while the vehicle is driving; or it can be collected at a wall of a water tank and fed into lines, returning it to the exhaust gas flow as droplets.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for wetting a fuel cell unit on the basis of a predetermined dew point nominal value as a function of the operating state of the fuel cell unit, a corrected dew point nominal value is determined using a predetermined dew point nominal value, a component-specific correction value, and a process correction value. The corrected dew point nominal value is used to set the required amount of water for optimum wetting of the fuel cell unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, in which the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine is returned to the internal combustion engine by means of an exhaust gas recirculation device having at least two cooling devices which are each associated with a bypass, the exhaust gas being cooled in the exhaust gas recirculation device as a function of the load state of the internal combustion engine. The operation of the internal combustion engine is divided into at least four load states, and as a function of the instantaneous load state the exhaust gas is returned to the internal combustion engine via a flow path in the exhaust gas recirculation device specifically assigned to this load state. The invention further relates to an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas recirculation device.

Abstract: A compact filter element with a large filter surface area having inner and outer rings of filter material with an annular space between them, such that fluid to be filtered can be introduced into the annular space between the rings of filter material and a portion thereof can flow through the outer ring of filter material to the periphery of the filter element and another portion thereof can flow through the inner ring of filter material to the center of the filter element; at least one fluid-permeable support member for the filter material, and at least one end disk on an axial end face of the filter element affixed to the rings of filter material in a sealed manner, in which the end disk has a centrally arranged inlet opening for the fluid to be filtered and one or more radially extending distributor channels leading from the central inlet opening to at least one eccentrically arranged outlet opening which opens into the annular space between the rings of filter material to admit fluid to be filtered to the

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, in which the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine is returned to the internal combustion engine by means of an exhaust gas recirculation device having at least two cooling devices which are each associated with a bypass, the exhaust gas being cooled in the exhaust gas recirculation device as a function of the load state of the internal combustion engine. The operation of the internal combustion engine is divided into at least four load states, and as a function of the instantaneous load state the exhaust gas is returned to the internal combustion engine via a flow path in the exhaust gas recirculation device specifically assigned to this load state. The invention further relates to an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas recirculation device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, wherein exhaust gas produced by the internal combustion engine is returned to the internal combustion engine via an exhaust gas recirculation device, which comprises at least two cooling units with each of which a bypass is associated, the exhaust gas being cooled in the exhaust gas recirculation device as a function of the load state of the internal combustion engine, and wherein fresh air is fed to the internal combustion engine via a charge-air feed device, which comprises at least one cooling unit and at least one bypass connected in parallel to the cooling unit, the fresh air being supplied via the cooling unit and/or the bypass as a function of the load state. The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust gas recirculation device and a charge-air feed device.

Abstract: A compact filter element with a large filter surface area having inner and outer rings of filter material with an annular space between them, such that fluid to be filtered can be introduced into the annular space between the rings of filter material and a portion thereof can flow through the outer ring of filter material to the periphery of the filter element and another portion thereof can flow through the inner ring of filter material to the center of the filter element; at least one fluid-permeable support member for the filter material, and at least one end disk on an axial end face of the filter element affixed to the rings of filter material in a sealed manner, in which the end disk has a centrally arranged inlet opening for the fluid to be filtered and one or more radially extending distributor channels leading from the central inlet opening to at least one eccentrically arranged outlet opening which opens into the annular space between the rings of filter material to admit fluid to be filtered to the

Abstract: An internet-based, patient-centric and patient controlled electronic medical record and systems and methods for managing the patient-centric and patient controlled electronic medical record. To ensure robustness of data and interchangeability of data the present invention is preferably implemented using open source software. Because the present invention is patient controlled, privacy of data is assured. The present invention contemplates entering data into the medical record from the physician's office, the laboratory, ancillary medical personnel, and the hospital. In another aspect translation of existing information applicable to the individual patient (legacy data) into the patient-centric electronic medical record are contemplated.

Abstract: Jewelry includes a stone which defines a crown, a pavilion and a girdle therebetween, the girdle having a 360° peripheral groove crown thereinto. A flexible wire has a first portion at least partially disposed within the groove and extending at least 90° (preferably at least 180°) about the stone, the mounting and the wire being secured together, thereby to secure together the stone and the mounting.

Abstract: A non-rectangular multistone piece of jewelry is formed by a single generally rectangular cut center stone having four major sides, four truncated pie-shaped side stones, and a setting. Each side stone defines an arcuate side and an opposed truncated side, the arcuate side facing outwardly from the center stone and the truncated side facing inwardly toward the center stone.

Abstract: The optical semiconductor component has a semiconductor body having a first surface with an active region and a second surface with a passive region. An optically transparent layer adjoins at least the optically active region. Conduction paths extend from the active region through the semiconductor body to contact-making points in the region of the second surface.

Abstract: Jewelry includes a stone which defines a crown, a pavilion and a girdle therebetween, the girdle having a 360° peripheral groove crown thereinto. A flexible wire has a first portion at least partially disposed within the groove and extending at least 90° (preferably at least 180°) about the stone, and means securing together the mounting and the wire, thereby to secure together the stone and the mounting.