Abstract: An arrangement for detection of the sharpness of chopper knives that can be moved relative to a shear bar includes a sensor that detects the effective cutting forces directly or indirectly and an evaluation arrangement connected to the sensor. The evaluation arrangement integrates the measured values of the sensor over time in order to generate information concerning the sharpness of the chopper knives.

Abstract: In a substrate, particularly in a substrate for a mirror support, in which recesses are introduced in one surface, preferably in the back side of the substrate, as a result of which, in particular, bridging pieces are defined between the recesses, in order to achieve the situation that despite a reduced weight, a high rigidity still remains, which means only a slight sagging after its correct uptake in a holding device provided for it, it is provided that at least one first portion of the bridging pieces has a width that is different than a second portion of the bridging pieces.

Abstract: A method is proposed for producing an anti-scatter grid or collimator for a radiation type, which is formed from at least one base body of prescribable geometry having transmission channels or slits for primary radiation of the radiation type which extend between two opposite surfaces of the base body. The base body is formed from a structural material that strongly absorbs the radiation type, either using the injection molding technique or by way of the technique of stereolithography. The method can be used to produce an anti-scatter grid or collimator with high accuracy and with the aid of only a few steps.

Abstract: A method for determining the state of a battery, or battery pack, that is independent of the type of battery technology under test. The method employs one or more charging and discharging cycles, and measures one or more parameters of battery voltage, temperature, charging time, and charging cycle counts to produce a test value that is compared to empirical data. Based on the comparison, the state is determined, for example, on a pass/fail basis. The method may be embodied as instructions stored in memory and implemented by means of a microprocessor coupled to the memory. In another embodiment, the empirical data is stored within another memory located internal to the battery pack under test.

Abstract: Process for applying a polyvinyl ester dispersion-based adhesive by means of nozzle application and use of polyvinyl ester dispersion-based adhesives A description is given of an application process for polyvinyl ester dispersion-based adhesives through nozzles to a substrate, wherein an aqueous, primarily emulsifier-stabilized vinyl ester polymer dispersion having a solids content of at least 40% by weight, a viscosity of less than 8000 mPas, and a vinyl ester polymer glass transition temperature of ?30 to +40° C. is supplied to the nozzle and is applied from the nozzle, in the form of a thin jet or of a predeterminedly interrupted thin jet, to the substrate. The process can be implemented for long periods without interruption, and the adhesive bonding takes place at high speed.

Abstract: A description is given of an aqueous vinyl ester copolymer dispersion stabilized with a combination of at least one protective colloid and of at least one emulsifier, said dispersion having a viscosity of less than 8000 mPa*s, a weight average dw of the particle sizes of 0.5 to 10 ?m, and a ratio of weight average to number average of the particle sizes, dw/dn, of at least 2.5, and the polymer possessing a glass transition temperature of between ?30 and +15° C. The dispersion can be used as an adhesive for nozzle application processes.

Abstract: In order to provide glass ceramic articles with an improved surface with regard to roughness, the invention relates to a method for producing glass ceramic panels (40) in which a green glass panel (10) is produced by hot forming and the green glass panel (10) is subsequently ceramized to form a glass ceramic, wherein the green glass panel (10) is fire-polished on at least one surface (11, 12) before or during the ceramizing.

Abstract: In the current invention, a paraffin or waxy substance is added to a solvent-based parquet adhesive to generate a contiguous film that forms a barrier layer between the adhesive and the surrounding air. This barrier prevents volatile solvents from escaping and contaminating the surrounding air before parquet laying. The protective film can then be destroyed by laying down the parquet strips on the substrate. This process overcomes disadvantages to using state of the art solvent-based adhesives which are susceptible to undesirable swelling of parquet wood and contamination of air.

Abstract: VGLUT-specific dsRNAs capable of triggering the phenomenon of RNA interference, host cells containing theses dsRNAs, and pharmaceutical compositions containing these dsRNAs, in particular for the treatment of pain and other diseases associated with VGLUT family members.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ceramic discharge vessel for a lamp application is described. The method uses a low viscosity suspension of ceramic powder in a liquid resin. The discharge vessel is formed layer by layer using a stereolithography system. Preferably, the layers are formed by locally exposing the ceramic-resin mixture to a UV light source that solidifies and cures the resin only in the areas which correspond to the particular cross-sectional profile of the discharge vessel for a respective layer.

Abstract: A method is for producing and applying an antiscatter grid or collimator to an x-ray or gamma detector having matricially arranged detector elements which form a detector surface with detection regions sensitive to x-radiation and/or gamma radiation and less sensitive intermediate regions. In the method, a basic structure is firstly produced for the antiscatter grid or collimator by way of a rapid prototyping technique, through which transmission channels and intermediate walls of the antiscatter grid or collimator are formed which have at least in a first direction a center-to-center spacing which is equal to or an integral multiple of a center-to-center spacing of the sensitive detection regions of the detector. The intermediate walls are coated with a material which strongly absorbs x-radiation and/or gamma radiation in order to finish the antiscatter grid or collimator.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) suitable as a catalyst or for the preparation of a catalyst system: L1-X-L2 ??(I) is provided, in which X is a lower alkylene group, an arylene group or an alkarylene group; L1 is in which Y1 is oxygen, sulfur or N—R17, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16 and R17 independently of one another being hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; and L2 is in which Y2 is oxygen, sulfur or N—R27, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26 and R27 independently of one another being hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, it being possible for L1 and L2 to be identical or different.

Abstract: A nucleic acid comprising a sequence section which modulates the expression of the VR1 receptor, a vector containing this nucleic acid and a host cell which is transformed with this vector are disclosed, along with related pharmaceutical formulations. Methods for modulating the expression of the VR1 receptor and the use of the nucleic acid or vector for alleviating, preventing or treating pain and for treating sensibility disorders associated with the VR1 receptor are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of methyl formate by reacting methanol with carbon monoxide at a pressure of from 0.5 to 10 MPa abs. and a temperature of from 50 to 150° C. in the presence of a metal alkoxide as catalyst in a reactor, in which a gas stream is withdrawn from the reactor, entrained methyl formate is removed from this gas stream by condensation, and all or some of the remaining gas stream is returned to the reactor as circulating-gas stream and a mean gas superficial velocity of from 1 to 20 cm/s is set in at least one region of the reactor in which the gas flows essentially in one direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying fuel to a gas-generating system to generate hydrogen-rich gas in a fuel cell system includes two gas-generating components; a metering device, which can supply fuel by a valve-controlled distribution to each of the two gas-generating components; and a fuel storage basin. The fuel basin which supplies fuel to one of the gas-generating components during a changeover or connecting process between the gas-generating components.

Abstract: A method is proposed for producing an anti-scatter grid or collimator for a radiation type, which is formed from at least one base body of prescribable geometry having transmission channels or slits for primary radiation of the radiation type which extend between two opposite surfaces of the base body. The base body is formed from a structural material that strongly absorbs the radiation type, either using the injection molding technique or by way of the technique of stereolithography. The method can be used to produce an anti-scatter grid or collimator with high accuracy and with the aid of only a few steps.

Abstract: A method is for producing an antiscatter grid or collimator for a radiation type, which is formed from a base body of predeterminable geometry having transmission channels for primary radiation of the radiation type which extend between two opposite surfaces of the base body. In the method, the base body is constructed by use of a rapid prototyping technique by layer-wise solidification of a structural material, which is substantially transmissive to the radiation type, under the action of radiation. Inner surfaces of the base body in the transmission channels are coated with a material, which strongly absorbs the radiation type, up to a layer thickness which suffices to virtually completely absorb incident secondary radiation of the radiation type. The opposite surfaces of the base body are not coated, or are aftertreated in such a way that they do not bear a coating or bear a coating of greatly reduced layer thickness made from the material strongly absorbing the radiation type.

Abstract: A method for producing a scattered radiation grid or collimator which, for an incident radiation type, has transmissive regions and nontransmissive regions of predeterminable geometry. First the geometry of the transmissive and the nontransmissive regions of the scattered radiation grid or collimator is set. On the basis of this geometry, a base body is constructed according to the geometry, optionally differing by a particular layer thickness, of the transmissive regions or the nontransmissive regions by a rapid prototyping technique through layer-wise solidification of a structural material under the action of radiation. On the basis of this base body, the scattered radiation grid or collimator is finally completed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst system for carbonylating olefinically or acetylenically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide and a nucleophile compound, containing (a) palladium; (b) a phosphine and (c) a polymer containing nitrogen which is soluble in the reaction mixture, with the exception of polyvinyl polymers with aromatic radicals containing nitrogen on the polymer chain. The invention also relates to a method for carbonylation in the presence of one such catalyst system.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing acid formates in which methyl formate is reacted with water and a basic compound having a pKa of the conjugate acid of the corresponding dissociation state of ?3 measured at 25° C. in aqueous solution, the methanol formed is separated off and, optionally, the desired acid content is set by adding formic acid.