Abstract: In a technique relating to a switching system, at least a switching apparatus can acquire an information channel of a physical line different from a physical line to which a signaling channel, over which a setup request is transmitted, belongs as an information channel in response to the setup request, thereby backing up when a signaling channel becomes unusable, or distributing a load of virtual connection setting control using a plurality of signaling channels.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for efficiently analyzing an organic macromolecular component contained in a sample with high precision are provided. The method and the apparatus for analyzing the organic macromolecular component are based on a flow analysis method with a measuring system including a sample introduction section, a preparation section, and a measuring section, and include the steps of supplying a sample together with a carrier solution into the measurement system through the introduction section, leading the sample to the preparation section and separating an organic macromolecular component from the sample, and leading the separated organic macromolecular component to the measuring section for analysis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently analyzing an organic macromolecular component contained in a sample with high precision are provided. The method and apparatus for analyzing the organic macromolecular component are based on a flow analysis method with a measuring system including a sample introducing section, a preparing section, and a measuring section, composed of steps of supplying a sample with a carrier solution into the measurement system through the introducing section, leading the sample to the preparing section and separating an organic macromolecular component in the sample, and leading the separated organic macromolecular component to the measuring section and analyzing. Herein, the step of separating the organic macromolecular component includes steps of the organic macromolecular component in the sample being adsorbed on a resin and introducing an eluant into the preparing section and eluting the organic macromolecular component adsorbed on the resin.

Abstract: The angle of fuel spray at the time of pre-injection is set to a wider angle of spray and the angle of fuel spray at the time of main injection is set to a narrower angle of spray. The pre-injection timing is set so that when fuel spray after the pre-injection is diffused in a cylinder and stratified, the stratified fuel spray is ignited by a rise in the pressure in the cylinder in association with movement of a piston from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. The main injection timing is set so that when the spray stratified by the pre-injection is burned, the fuel spray injected by the main injection passes through the combustion zone while being ignited in the combustion zone, reaches a combustion chamber of the piston, and is burned in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A functional water containing a fluorine-containing component obtained by electrolyzing an aqueous solution containing fluoride ion using electrodes having conductive diamonds, a method of producing the same, and a method and an apparatus of rinsing electronic parts using the functional water as a rinsing water. The fluorine-containing component produced by electrolyzing the fluoride ion using the conductive diamond, has stronger rinsing effect than that of a fluorine-containing component obtained by electrolyzing the fluoride ion itself before electrolysis or the fluoride ion using other electrodes. Therefore, an amount of hydrofluoric acid used can greatly be decreased.

Abstract: A fuel supply system has a pump, a common rail, and injectors. Pressurized fuel is stored in the common rail. The common rail distributes the fuel to the injectors. A liquid fuel and a liquefied gas fuel such as dimethyl ether and a liquefied petroleum gas may be used as a fuel. In each injector, a valve element is actuated directly by an electromagnetic actuator. The injector has a low pressure chamber for decreasing a biasing force which acts on the valve element in a valve closing direction. The valve element can be divided for replacement. The injector has means for suppressing the bounce of the valve element. A hydraulic unit which utilizes the fuel suppresses the bounce of the valve element. The fuel supply system is connected to a refrigerating cycle. The fuel leaking from the fuel supply system is cooled and again liquefied by the refrigerating cycle.

Abstract: In a fuel injection nozzle, a nozzle body is provided inside with a guide hole having a second guide portion (cylindrical hole) for slidably holding a guide shaft of a needle and a seat surface axially below the second guide portion, with first injection bores opened to the seat surface and with second injection bores opened to an inner circumference of the second portion. The needle is provided at an end thereof with a circular seat contact coming in contact with the seat surface axially above the first injection bores and inside the guide shaft with a fuel passage through which fuel is supplied to a position axially above the seat contact. With the construction mentioned above, as the second guide portion is formed axially above the sack chamber and inner diameter thereof is larger than that of the sack chamber, the second guide portion is more easily formed at lower cost.

Abstract: A surface modification method for an aluminum substrate, which comprises treating a Ni—P plated aluminum substrate with a functional water having a plus or minus oxidation-reduction potential for a predetermined period of time in a washing step after a polishing step of the Ni—P plated aluminum substrate.

Abstract: In a technique relating to a switching system, at least a switching apparatus can acquire an information channel of a physical line different from a physical line to which a signaling channel, over which a setup request is transmitted, belongs as an information channel in response to the setup request, thereby backing up when a signaling channel becomes unusable, or distributing a load of virtual connection setting control using a plurality of signaling channels.

Abstract: A fuel supply apparatus is provided which works to supply fuel such as a dimethly ether used as an alternative to a typical fuel for an internal combustion engine. The fuel supply apparatus includes a high-pressure pump working to feed the to injectors from a fuel tank through a common rail, a fuel return line, and a compressor working to add to a back pressure higher than a vapor pressure of the fuel to the return line. The addition of the back pressure higher than the vapor pressure of the fuel facilitates liquidizing of the fuel. This results in a decrease in leakage of the fuel, which improves the efficiency of burning of the fuel and ensures the startability and drivability of the engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low-cost transfer bump sheet which is capable of transferring copper-cored solder bumps with high reliability of bonding to a semiconductor chip and which is capable of transferring bumps of various structures. The invention also relates to a low-cost semiconductor flip chip in which copper-cored solder bumps with high reliability of bonding are mounted on a semiconductor chip through the use of the transfer bump sheet. In the transfer bump sheet, metal posts of two or more layers are formed on a base sheet.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for efficiently analyzing an organic macromolecular component contained in a sample with high precision are provided. The method and the apparatus for analyzing the organic macromolecular component are based on a flow analysis method with a measuring system including a sample introduction section, a preparation section, and a measuring section, and include the steps of supplying a sample together with a carrier solution into the measurement system through the introduction section, leading the sample to the preparation section and separating an organic macromolecular component from the sample, and leading the separated organic macromolecular component to the measuring section for analysis.

Abstract: A fast gate scanning three-dimensional laser radar apparatus operating on such principles as fluorescence scattering, Raman scattering and differential absorption scattering, which uses a high-sensitivity, two-dimensional imaging CCD camera, an image intensifier or other two-dimensional photodetector suitable for use as a laser echo light signal receiver and detector that is designed to have a gating feature with short time slot, a fast gate scanning feature and a high frame (image capture) repetition rate so that a two- or three-dimensional spatial density distribution of fine particles, environmental pollutants, aerosols and other targets suspended in the atmosphere is acquired instantaneously whereas temporal changes in the direction, speed and flow of the distribution can be remotely monitored.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ATM switch which includes: memory for storing identification information which identifies user-network interfaces with terminals, analysis control data for analyzing a call control signal for each user-network interface, and editing control data for editing a call control signal for each user-network interface; analysis circuit for analyzing a first call control signal in accordance with the analysis control data corresponding to a first user-network interface identified on the basis of the identification information when the first call control signal is received from a first terminal for setup with a second terminal; call control circuit for performing call control based on the first call control signal analyzed by the analysis circuit; and editing circuit for editing the first call control signal to a second call control signal in accordance with the editing control data corresponding to a second user-network interface identified on the basis of the identification informati

Abstract: The angle of fuel spray at the time of pre-injection is set to a wider angle of spray and the angle of fuel spray at the time of main injection is set to a narrower angle of spray. The pre-injection timing is set so that when fuel spray after the pre-injection is diffused in a cylinder and stratified, the stratified fuel spray is ignited by a rise in the pressure in the cylinder in association with movement of a piston from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. The main injection timing is set so that when the spray stratified by the pre-injection is burned, the fuel spray injected by the main injection passes through the combustion zone while being ignited in the combustion zone, reaches a combustion chamber of the piston, and is burned in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The angle of fuel spray at the time of pre-injection is set to a wider angle of spray and the angle of fuel spray at the time of main injection is set to a narrower angle of spray. The pre-injection timing is set so that when fuel spray after the pre-injection is diffused in a cylinder and stratified, the stratified fuel spray is ignited by a rise in the pressure in the cylinder in association with movement of a piston from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. The main injection timing is set so that when the spray stratified by the pre-injection is burned, the fuel spray injected by the main injection passes through the combustion zone while being ignited in the combustion zone, reaches a combustion chamber of the piston, and is burned in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently analyzing an organic macromolecular component contained in a sample with high precision are provided. The method and apparatus for analyzing the organic macromolecular component are based on a flow analysis method with a measuring system including a sample introducing section, a preparing section, and a measuring section, composed of steps of supplying a sample with a carrier solution into the measurement system through the introducing section, leading the sample to the preparing section and separating an organic macromolecular component in the sample, and leading the separated organic macromolecular component to the measuring section and analyzing. Herein, the step of separating the organic macromolecular component includes steps of the organic macromolecular component in the sample being adsorbed on a resin and introducing an eluant into the preparing section and eluting the organic macromolecular component adsorbed on the resin.

Abstract: A fuel injection device is composed of a valve member to open and close an injection hole, a high pressure passage for generating a basic pressure force to urge the valve member in a direction of opening the injection hole, an electromagnetic valve, first and second springs for generating biasing forces to urge the valve member in a direction of closing the injection hole, and first and second control chambers disposed in the fuel passages. The respective control chambers are communicated with the high pressure passage when the electromagnetic valve is not actuated and respective fuel pressure in the first and second control chambers urge the valve member in a direction of closing the injection hole, and the respective control chambers are communicated one after another at different timings to a low pressure conduit to reduce fuel pressure therein when the electromagnetic valve is actuated.

Abstract: A solenoid valve of a type wherein a yoke is provided thereon with a coil, a plunger arranged in the yoke coaxial therewith so as to be brought into a linear movement upon excitation of the coil and characterized in that a coating, such as Teflon®, is provided on at least one of an outer surface of the plunger and an inner surface of the yoke.

Abstract: A control method for establishing a permanent virtual connection which can reduce an amount of management information stored in a network monitor, the management information being used for establishing the permanent virtual connection. The network monitor stores permanent virtual connection information. The permanent virtual connection information includes location information with respect to subscribers connected to the exchanges at opposite ends of the permanent virtual connection. The permanent virtual connection information further includes a virtual path identifier and a virtual channel identifier. A connection between the network monitor and each of the exchanges at opposite ends of the permanent virtual connection to be established is established in accordance with a third party call control. The permanent virtual connection information is sent to one of the exchanges at opposite ends of the permanent virtual connection to be established.