Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for the production of deuterated acrylic acid or deuterated methacrylic acid comprising the exchange of hydrogens in acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with deuteriums in the presence of a catalyst. The deuterated acrylic or methacrylic acid is very useful as a starting material in the production of high quality optical plastic fibers.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for industrially and advantageous production of methacrolein and methacrylic acid which comprises subjecting isobutylene or tert-butanol to gas phase catalytic oxidation with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst having the composition represented by the following formula:Mo.sub.a W.sub.b Bi.sub.c Fe.sub.d Sb.sub.e Cr.sub.f Si.sub.g A.sub.h X.sub.i Y.sub.j Z.sub.k O.sub.

Abstract: A method for processing a taste-modifier which comprises formulating a taste-modifier comprising fresh Curculigo latifolia fruits, dried fruits thereof or a curuculin-containing material obtained therefrom into granules or a film, thus stabilizing said taste-modifier and effectively utilizing the taste-modification effect of the same.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing a taste-modifier comprising fresh Curculigo latifolia fruits, dried fruits thereof or a curuculin-containing material obtained therefrom which comprises heating said taste-modifier to 50.degree. to 90.degree. C.; or subjecting said taste-modifier to ultrahigh-temperature short-time pasteurization at 110.degree. to 150.degree. C. for two seconds to two minutes; is disclosed. Curuculin is a coined name for protein extracted from C. latifolia. Either of these methods enables the stable preservation of said taste-modifier, which is in the form of a crude product or an aqueous solution, for prolonged period of time.

Abstract: A reinforcer for a taste-modifier comprising fresh Curuculigo latifolia fruits, dried fruits thereof or a curuculin-containing material obtained therefrom, which comprises a material capable of lowering the concentration of divalent metal ions in the mouth and reinforces the taste-modification effect of said taste-modifier.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve of a diesel engine, comprising a valve body including a concave conical surface in the tip portion of the valve body, and fuel injection holes extending from the concave surface to the outside of the valve body, and a needle valve movable in the valve body and including a cylindrical shaft portion, a first conical surface adjacent to the shaft portion and having a conical angle smaller than that of the concave surface, the lower edge of the first conical surface defining a contact line separably contacting with the concave surface, a second conical surface adjacent to the first surface and having a conical angle substantially equal to that of the concave surface, a third conical surface adjacent to the second surface and having a conical angle greater than that of the concave surface.

Abstract: In a hydraulic pressure switch mechanism connected between a steering shaft and a rack, an input shaft is covered with a balance sleeve, to form a sealing portion. The balance sleeve is covered with a valve outer spool, thereby forming a variable orifice. The hydraulic pressure switch mechanism requires no valve inner spool. The hydraulic pressure switch mechanism has a small and simple structure and provides secure hydraulic pressure control, thus contributing to reduction in manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A packet switching system has at least first and second packet level control devices and first and second frame level control devices. When a data packet is received at the first frame level control device via a communication line which is connected thereto, the first frame level control device disassembles the data packet and transfers only a header portion of the data packet to the first packet level control device, thereby a data portion of the data packet being transferred directly to the second frame level control device. The second frame level control device assembles the data portion received from the first frame level control device and the corresponding header portion received via the first and second packet level control devices, and transmits the assembled data packet on a communication line which is connected to the second frame level control device.

Abstract: A process for producing a rolled-in type emulsified fat and oil composition by emulsifying 2 to 20% by weight of protein, 30 to 75% by weight of fat and oil and 18 to 65% by weight of water into an oil-in-water type emulsion, which comprises adding 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the fat and oil, of phospholipid which comprises mono acyl glycero phospholipid at least 40% by weight based on the total phospholipid and at least one emulsifier component to thereby provide the necessary oil-in-water type emulsion.

Abstract: A digital phase locked loop circuit samples the reproduced analog signal of a digital signal at a sampling frequency larger than the bit rate of the digital signal, and arithmetically operates, by using data at a plurality of successive sampling points, an average phase of the reproduced signal in the range from a point where the reproduced signal crosses a reference level to a predetermined sampling point, and makes the phase locked loop control of the reproduced signal by using the operated average phase.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a catalyst used in the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as methacrylic acid by the gas phase catalytic oxidation of the corresponding unsaturated aldehydes such as methacrolein. Said catalyst is composed of a multi-component composition containing at least phosphorus, molybdenum and antimony. The present invention has attained an improved in its catalytic performance such as conversion rate, selectivity, single-pass yield etc. by using antimony trioxide with average particle size of no more than 0.2 micron as a starting material upon preparing said catalyst.

Abstract: There is provided the improved process for the production of deutrated methyl acrylate or methacrylate by the direct substitution of deuterium for hydrogens in methyl acrylate or methacrylate in the presence of a platinum Group metal catalyst.

Abstract: An oil-in-water type emulsified fat composition which contains cheese and shows stable emulsification can be prepared by adding 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the fat, of monoacyl glycero phospholipid(s) as at least an emulsifier component and 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the cheese, of molten salt(s) in the emulsification of cheese, fat and water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of methacrolein and methacrylic acid by the gas phase catalytic oxidation of isobutylene or t-butanol at high temperature using molecular oxygen in the presence of catalyst consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, bismuth, iron, nickel, antimony, and an alkali metal, to which zinc or lead is added, and further phosphorus sulfur, silicon, selenium, germanium or boron, and magnesium, cobalt, manganese or tin are added.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a phosphorus-, molybdenum- and alkali metal-containing oxidation catalyst spent in the production of an unsaturated carboxylic acid by vapor-phase oxidation of an unsaturated aldehyde, which comprises treating the deactivated catalyst with aqueous ammonia and an aqueous solution containing at least one of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, an amine, and ammonium carbonate, followed by drying and calcining the treated catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing methacrylic acid from methacrolein in high yields and at high selectivity which comprises vapor phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein with molecular oxygen, characterized by using a catalyst represented by the formula: P.sub.a Mo.sub.b V.sub.c Cu.sub.d Zn.sub.e A.sub.f B.sub.g C.sub.h D.sub.i O.sub.

Abstract: A catalyst represented by the general formulaP.sub.a Mo.sub.b V.sub.c Fe.sub.d Cu.sub.e Z.sub.f X.sub.g Y.sub.h O.sub.iwherein X represents at least one or more of the elements selected form the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium, Y represents at least one or more of the elements selected from the group consisting of tellurium, lanthanum, boron, silver, chromium, magnesium and barium, Z represents any one of the elements of zirconium or antimony, a to i denote atomic ratios of respective elements, and when b=12, a=0.3-4, c=0.01-3, d=0.01-4, e=0.01-3, f=0.01-3, g=0.01-3, h=0.001-5 and i denotes the number of oxygen atoms required for satisfying the valence number of the said ingredients, and a process for the production of methacrylic acid comprising contacting methacrolein in vapor phase in the presence of said catalyst.

Abstract: A fuel injection control device in which a needle valve of a fuel injector is opened and closed by two valves. The fuel injector has a pressure control chamber and a fuel chamber, and the needle valve opens a fuel injection aperture to inject the fuel in the fuel chamber to the engine when a pressure in the pressure control chamber is relatively high. One valve is provided in a passage which connects a pump, the pressure control chamber, and a reservoir, and the other valve is provided in a passage which connects the pump, the fuel chamber, and the reservoir.

Abstract: A control valve is disclosed herein. The control valve includes a valve sleeve and a rotor which is rotatably inserted into the valve sleeve. The valve sleeve have a plurality of fluid passages comprising a plurality of through passages which pass through the wall of the valve sleeve and a plurality of recessed grooves axially elongated on the inside surface of the valve sleeve. The rotor has a plurality of fluid passages opposing with said fluid passages of the valve sleeve. The fluid passages of the rotor cooperate with said fluid passages of the valve sleeve to open and close fluid flow. The valve sleeve has fluid flow noise suppress means formed by many continuous undulations along side edges of the recessed groove of the valve sleeve.

Abstract: The fuel in a compression pump chamber, defined by a compression plunger, is expelled by the compression plunger driven synchronously with the rotation of an engine. An injection plunger is driven by the expelled fuel, thus injecting fuel into an injection pump chamber defined by the injection plunger. A timing passage, closed by the compression plunger, is formed in the compression pump chamber, and a metering passage is formed in the injection pump chamber. The timing and metering passages communicate with a timing valve and a quantity control valve respectively arranged in an electromagnetic valve. The timing and quantity control valves are driven by an energization current such that they operate in cooperation with each other, i.e., when the timing valve is open, the quantity control valve is closed. When the timing valve is closed and the compression plunger returns, the injection plunger also returns and fuel is supplied to the injection pump chamber through the quantity control valve, which is open.