Abstract: A combined semiconductor apparatus includes a semiconductor substrate having an integrated circuit, a planarized region formed in a surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a semiconductor thin film including at least one semiconductor device and bonded on the planarized region. A surface of the semiconductor thin film, in which the semiconductor device is formed, is disposed on a side of the planarized region. The apparatus may further include a planarized film disposed between the planarized region and the semiconductor thin film.

Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus includes a substrate; an adhesion layer disposed on the substrate, the adhesion layer mainly consisting of semiconductor material; and at least one semiconductor thin film including at least one semiconductor device and bonded on the adhesion layer. The adhesion layer may be a polycrystalline silicon layer or an amorphous silicon layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus includes two thin semiconductor films bonded to a substrate, and a thin-film interconnecting line electrically connecting a semiconductor device such as a light-emitting device in the first thin semiconductor film to an integrated circuit in the second thin semiconductor film. Typically, the integrated circuit drives the semiconductor device. The two thin semiconductor films are formed separately from the substrate. The first thin semiconductor film may include an array of semiconductor devices. The first and second thin semiconductor films may be replicated as arrays bonded to the same substrate. Compared with conventional semiconductor apparatus comprising an array chip and a separate driver chip, the invented apparatus is smaller and has a reduced material cost.

Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus includes a substrate having at least one terminal, a thin semiconductor film including at least one semiconductor device, the thin semiconductor film being disposed and bonded on the substrate; and an individual interconnecting line formed as a thin conductive film extending from the semiconductor device in the thin semiconductor film to the terminal in the substrate, electrically connecting the semiconductor device to the terminal. Compared with conventional semiconductor apparatus, the invented apparatus is smaller and has a reduced material cost.

Abstract: A working process administering system for raising a working efficiency by using a learning effect, comprising: means for deciding a necessary man-hours and a working schedule necessary for completing the work; means for deciding a first curve or a growth curve predicting a working performance: means for predicting a second curve or a quadratic curve of a man-hours distribution; means for determining a third curve by calculating the sum of the first curve and the second curve; and means for adding a shortage to the second curve when a difference is present between a fourth curve indicating the actual performance and the third curve when they are compared.