Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element capable of easily improving response characteristics without using a large apparatus is provided. After alignment films made of a polymer compound including a crosslinkable functional group as a side chain and a bulky skeleton such as an adamantane skeleton are formed in a TFT substrate and a CF substrate, the alignment films are arranged to face each other, and a liquid crystal layer 40 including liquid crystal molecules is sealed between the alignment films, and then, in a state where the liquid crystal molecules are aligned to allow long-axis directions thereof to be oblique with respect to a substrate surface, the polymer compound in the alignment films is reacted to form a polymer compound including a cross-linked structure, and predetermined pretilts are provided to liquid crystal molecules placed in proximity to the alignment films.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including an array of pixels each including first and second substrates, first and second electrodes formed on opposing surfaces of the first and second substrates, which surfaces are positioned opposite to the second and first substrates, first and second alignment restricting portions provided in the first and second electrodes, first and second alignment films covering respectively the first and second electrodes, the first and second alignment restricting portions, and the opposing surfaces of the first and second substrates, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the first and second alignment films and containing liquid crystal molecules, wherein, in each pixel, major axes of a group of liquid crystal molecules are positioned substantially in the same imaginary plane in a predetermined overlapped region between the first and second electrodes, and a pre-tilt is given to the liquid crystal molecules by at least the first alignment film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including an array of pixels each including first and second substrates, first and second electrodes formed on opposing surfaces of the first and second substrates, which surfaces are positioned opposite to the second and first substrates, first and second alignment restricting portions provided in the first and second electrodes, first and second alignment films covering respectively the first and second electrodes, the first and second alignment restricting portions, and the opposing surfaces of the first and second substrates, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the first and second alignment films and containing liquid crystal molecules, wherein, in each pixel, major axes of a group of liquid crystal molecules are positioned substantially in the same imaginary plane in a predetermined overlapped region between the first and second electrodes, and a pre-tilt is given to the liquid crystal molecules by at least the first alignment film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display element including a first alignment film and a second alignment film and a liquid crystal layer that is provided between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, wherein the first alignment film includes a compound in which a polymer compound that includes a cross-linked functional group or a polymerized functional group as a side chain is cross-linked or polymerized, the second alignment film includes the same compound as the compound that configures the first alignment film, and the formation and processing of the second alignment film is different from the formation and processing of the first alignment film and when a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules which is conferred by the first alignment film is ?1 and a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules which is conferred by the second alignment film is ?2, ?1>?2.

Abstract: There is provided an imaging apparatus including a first focus detection unit that is provided in an image sensor, and outputs a signal for phase difference focus detection by sensing subject image light that has passed through a photographing lens, and a second focus detection unit that is provided so as to be positioned above the image sensor, and outputs a signal for phase difference focus detection by sensing subject image light that has passed through the photographing lens.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display having a liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal display element including: a pair of alignment films provided on mutually facing sides of a pair of substrates; and a liquid crystal layer which is provided between the pair of alignment films and contains a liquid crystal molecule having a negative dielectric anisotropy, wherein at least one of the pair of alignment films contains a cross-linked compound obtained by crosslinking a polymer compound having a cross-linkable functional group as a side chain, the liquid crystal layer further contains a molecule which has a ring structure and a spacer linking the ring structure, and the liquid crystal molecule is given a pre-tilt by the cross-linked compound.

Abstract: A rotary element assembly structure in which a rotary element 53 is assembled to a tip side of a hollow shaft B1 provided upright on a pedestal 60. A cylindrical portion 53c for fitting with the hollow shaft is provided to a rotation center portion of the rotary element. In the cylindrical portion, a hook strut portion 53s that has a hook portion 53f overhanging in the radial direction at its tip side and that extends substantially in the fitting direction is arranged. A base end portion of the hook strut portion and a base end portion of the cylindrical portion are coupled with each other by a resin-made thin plate portion 53p. A small diameter portion B1s which is smaller in diameter than a hollow portion B1d of the hollow shaft is provided on the tip side of the hollow shaft. The radius of the overhang tip portion of the hook portion is set to be greater than the radius of the small diameter portion of the hollow shaft, and to be smaller than the radius of the hollow portion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display element including a first alignment film and a second alignment film and a liquid crystal layer that is provided between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, wherein the first alignment film includes a compound in which a polymer compound that includes a cross-linked functional group or a polymerized functional group as a side chain is cross-linked or polymerized, the second alignment film includes the same compound as the compound that configures the first alignment film, and the formation and processing of the second alignment film is different from the formation and processing of the first alignment film and when a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules which is conferred by the first alignment film is ?1 and a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules which is conferred by the second alignment film is ?2, ?1>?2.

Abstract: A music reproduction apparatus in which a first reproduction unit that has a first retainer capable of retaining a first external audio source and a second reproduction unit that has a second retainer capable of retaining a second external audio source are arranged next to each other. The music reproduction apparatus includes an opening-closing door that covers the first reproduction unit and the second reproduction unit in an openable and closable manner. The second retainer is positioned at an accommodation position on the deeper side than the opening-closing door in the state covered by the opening-closing door. When the opening-closing door is moved to uncover the second retainer, the second retainer is drawn from the accommodation position to move to a draw out position.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a wiring substrate includes forming a first pad and a second pad on one side of a substrate, plating a surface of the second pad to form a bonding pad used for a wire-bonded connection, covering a surface of the first pad with an adhesive layer, adhering solder powder to the adhesive layer, applying flux containing halogen to the substrate, and melting the solder powder and covering the first pad with a solder to form a connection pad used for a flip-chip-connection. The flux has a halogen concentration of less than or equal to 0.15 wt %.

Abstract: To provide an oil repellent waterproof air-permeable filter of which environmental burden is small and which has an excellent liquid repellency to ketone solvents and ester solvents, and its production process. An oil repellent waterproof air-permeable filter comprising a substrate having a continuous porous structure and a coating material covering the substrate and containing a fluoropolymer having a perfluoroalkyl group, wherein the fluoropolymer has constituent units based on an acrylate having a chlorine atom at an ? position and a C1-6 perfluoroalkyl group, and the proportion of said constituent units is from 40 to 100 mass % in the total constituent units. A process for producing an oil repellent waterproof air-permeable filter, treating the substrate with an oil repellent waterproof composition containing a medium and the coating material and removing the medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a developer for electrophotography which is superior in property of build up of electrification and in charge stability even in environments of high temperature and high humidity or in an environment of low temperature and low humidity where it is difficult for a developer to retain its electrostatic charge performance, and which can provide an image free from fogging and decrease in density for a long term, that is, a developer for electrophotography containing composite oxide particles which include metal titanate particles containing titanium as a first metal atom and a second metal atom and containing therein 0.009 to 0.350% by weight of a third metal atom selected from the group consisting of the metal atoms belonging to Group 5A of the long form of the periodic table of elements.

Abstract: Provided are a toner and a toner manufacturing method with which high image density and a broad range of color reproduction are obtained, and with which high-quality images are also obtained. The toner is composed of toner particles that comprise a binding resin containing a polyester resin and a colorant, and contains 10-1,500 ppm of a metal element selected from titanium, germanium, and aluminum, and a cyclic phenol sulfide represented by general formula (1) selected from thiacalixarene, sulfinyl thiacalixarene and sulfonyl thiacalixarene.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display having a liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal display element including: a pair of alignment films provided on mutually facing sides of a pair of substrates; and a liquid crystal layer which is provided between the pair of alignment films and contains a liquid crystal molecule having a negative dielectric anisotropy, wherein at least one of the pair of alignment films contains a cross-linked compound obtained by cross-linking a polymer compound having a cross-linkable functional group as a side chain, the liquid crystal layer further contains a molecule which has a ring structure and a spacer linking the ring structure, and the liquid crystal molecule is given a pre-tilt by the cross-linked compound.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a wiring substrate includes forming a first pad and a second pad on one side of a substrate, plating a surface of the second pad to form a bonding pad used for a wire-bonded connection, covering a surface of the first pad with an adhesive layer, adhering solder powder to the adhesive layer, applying flux containing halogen to the substrate, and melting the solder powder and covering the first pad with a solder to form a connection pad used for a flip-chip-connection. The flux has a halogen concentration of less than or equal to 0.15 wt %.

Abstract: This invention provides a therapeutic agent for hepatitis C comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound having anti-HCV activity useful in treatment of hepatitis C. The therapeutic agent for hepatitis C comprises, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first and a second substrate; and pixels having first electrodes provided on the first substrate which face the second substrate; first alignment control sections provided in the first electrodes; a first alignment film covering the first electrodes, the first alignment control sections, and the first substrate; second electrodes provided on the second substrate which face the first substrate; second alignment control sections provided in the second electrodes; a second alignment film covering the second electrodes, the second alignment control sections, and the second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first and the second alignment films and containing liquid crystal molecules. In the above device, the liquid crystal layer further contains a polymerized high molecular compound, and pretilts are provided to the liquid crystal molecules by the polymerized high molecular compound in contact with the alignment films.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display element including a first alignment film and a second alignment film and a liquid crystal layer that is provided between the first alignment film and the second alignment film, wherein the first alignment film includes a compound in which a polymer compound that includes a cross-linked functional group or a polymerized functional group as a side chain is cross-linked or polymerized, the second alignment film includes the same compound as the compound that configures the first alignment film, and the formation and processing of the second alignment film is different from the formation and processing of the first alignment film and when a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules which is conferred by the first alignment film is ?1 and a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules which is conferred by the second alignment film is ?2, ?1>?2.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal display device that includes a first alignment film and a second alignment film that are provided on opposing face sides of a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first alignment film and the second alignment film and that includes liquid crystal molecules with negative dielectric constant anisotropy, wherein the first alignment film includes a compound in which a first polymer compound that includes a cross-linked functional group or a polymerized functional group as a side chain is cross-linked or polymerized, the second alignment film includes a compound in which a second polymer compound is cross-linked or polymerized, and a pretilt is conferred on the liquid crystal molecules by cross-linking or polymerizing the first polymer compound by the first alignment film and vertically aligning the liquid crystal molecules by the second alignment film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal display element including a first alignment film and a second alignment film that are provided on opposing face sides of a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first alignment film and the second alignment film and that includes liquid crystal molecules with negative dielectric constant anisotropy, wherein at least the first alignment film includes a compound in which a polymer compound that includes a cross-linked functional group or a polymerized functional group as the side chain is cross-linked or polymerized, a pretilt is conferred on the liquid crystal molecules by the first alignment film, and the thickness of the second alignment film is thinner than the thickness of the first alignment film.