Abstract: “”-shaped slits and linking portions are previously provided so as to surround a semiconductor chip-mounting region in a TAB tape. A semiconductor chip is applied onto the semiconductor chip-mounting region. The semiconductor chip in its electrode pad is connected by bonding to the TAB tape in its inner lead. The bonded connection is subjected to plastic molding. Solder balls are provided on the backside of the TAB tape in its portion corresponding to the semiconductor chip-mounting portion. Thereafter, the package portion is cut off at the cutting position in the linking portion of the slits. By virtue of the above constitution, highly reliable BGA type semiconductor devices can be produced while reducing the thickness and reducing the size.

Abstract: A color electrophotographic apparatus having a photosensitive member, an exposing device for forming an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member, four developing devices which attach toner on the photosensitive member and form a toner image and a transfer member for transferring the toner image onto a printing medium. The four developing devices include respectively a developing device for a yellow image, a magenta image, cyan image, and a black image. Each developing device includes a toner storing chamber for storing toner of a nonmagnetic one-component developer, a toner carrying member for forming a toner layer of the toner, a regulating member for regulating an amount of toner attached to the toner carrying member, a toner recovery chamber having an agitating member for agitating recovered toner, and a separating member for separating a toner supply chamber for the toner carrying member from the toner recovery chamber.

Abstract: “”-shaped slits and linking portions are previously provided so as to surround a semiconductor chip-mounting region in a TAB tape. A semiconductor chip is applied onto the semiconductor chip-mounting region. The semiconductor chip in its electrode pad is connected by bonding to the TAB tape in its inner lead. The bonded connection is subjected to plastic molding. Solder balls are provided on the backside of the TAB tape in its portion corresponding to the semiconductor chip-mounting portion. Thereafter, the package portion is cut off at the cutting position in the linking portion of the slits. By virtue of the above constitution, highly reliable BGA type semiconductor devices can be produced while reducing the thickness and reducing the size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ophthalmologic knife for being guided into an incision formed at an eyeball and for widening the width of the incision, the ophthalmologic knife comprising a handle and a blade portion having a flat shape formed at a end portion of the handle. The blade portion is formed with cutting edges arranged on both sides in a narrowing manner toward a front tip of the blade portion, and the front tip of the blade portion is formed with a guide portion arranged between the two cutting edges for guiding the blade portion into the incision formed at the eyeball.

Abstract: In order to provide an electrophotographic image forming system characterized by a mechanism of stabilizing the behavior of the tip of the form when the form with unfused colored particles (toner) deposited thereon is fed to the fusing device, the present invention has a form posture correcting protrusion provided on the non-printing area of the surface of the form with unfused colored particles (toner) deposited thereon inside the feed path of the form with unfused colored particles (toner) deposited thereon, so that form behavior can be controlled when the form is fed to the fusing device. Furthermore, the present invention has a form guide provided on the form ejection side of the fusing device to control the behavior of the form moving in the direction of being wound on the fusing roller.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus is capable of restriction or elimination of the occurrence of a density fluctuation, such as a lateral stripe, and thereby can enhance the image quality. The electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive body, exposure device for forming an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive body, at least two developers for developing the electrostatic image in mutually distinct colors for respectively forming toner images of mutually distinct colors, a transfer device for transferring the toner images of mutually distinct colors on a printing medium in an overlapping manner, and a fixing device for fixing the toner images transferred onto the printing medium. When one of the developers is maintained inoperative, that developer is forcedly operated for a reset operation thereof.

Abstract: A developing device for an electrophotographic apparatus. The developing device includes a toner storing chamber for storing toner of a developer, a toner carrying member for forming a toner layer of the toner, and a regulating member for regulating an amount of toner attached to the toner carrying member, the insulating member being disposed to below the toner carrying member. A toner supply chamber is provided for supplying toner to the toner carrying member and a toner recovery chamber is provided for recovering a surplus of toner regulated by the regulating member. A separating member is provided for separating the toner supply chamber and the toner recovery chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medical scalpel for incising a spherical biological tissue comprising a shank and a planar blade portion being associated to said shank and having a first face and a second face opposed in parallel as a whole with each other. The blade portion has a pointed end to thereby show a reverse-V profile and has, on both sides of such pointed end, an edge in parallel as a whole with said first face and said second face and the blade portion is formed so as to have a ratio of the partial thickness thereof on one side of a virtual flat plane surrounded by said edge to the total thickness thereof which resides within a range from 75 to 93%.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus is capable of reducing color deviation of an image due to the influence of a variation in load of an intermediate transfer member and of carrying out high speed printing. A control unit for controlling an image forming process on the basis of the size of a recording medium sets, where a recording medium of a size smaller than the longest image length capable of forming a color image is subject to continuous image formation, a first mode for continuously carrying out a development process for forming a latent image and a toner image, and a second mode of incorporating a stop process for stopping the development process in the midst of the development process. This enables reduction of color deviation of an image caused by the influence of a variation in load of an intermediate transfer member and high speed printing also.

Abstract: A developing device capable of high quality image recording by separating a toner supply chamber for supplying toner to a developing roll and a toner recovery chamber for recovering regulated toner by a regulating blade from each other by a sheet-shaped member thereby stabilizing the toner supply to the developing roll and the toner recovery.

Abstract: A computer and a backup computer exchange periodic report signal transmissions by way of SVP115. When there is no periodic report signal transmission from the main computer, the backup computer makes a main computer status inquiry and if one location is malfunctioning resets the main computer by way of the SVP115 and continues the processing. When permanent damage is present, the SVP115 continually resets the main computer and controls MOS switches of the common disk unit to isolate the SCSI from the main computer and continue the main computer processing.

Abstract: When the upper case of the developing device is pushed from above, the upper case may be deformed producing a negatively activated pressure corresponding to the deformed volume of the case, thereby dispersing toner along with the air. When the developing device is mounted to or dismounted from the color image forming apparatus, the dispersed toner may fall out of the developing device. To prevent the toner from falling out of the developing device, the toner carrier and the limiting member for limiting the toner layer thickness are held in the developer case and a falling toner receiver is formed which is recessed in the developer case in the longitudinal and widthwise directions of the toner carrier and the limiting member for limiting the toner layer thickness. The falling toner is collected in the receiver, preventing the device from being contaminated with the falling toner and facilitating the cleaning of the device.

Abstract: A color electrophotographic apparatus includes a photosensitive belt arranged obliquely, and a plurality of developing machines arranged on one side of the photosensitive belt in a stacked manner so as to be displaced from one another in a horizontal direction. The photosensitive belt is movable from below to above in a direction opposite to a direction of gravity when in a developing position. The developing machines include a non-magnetic, one component contact developing system having a developing roll for adhering toner on the photosensitive belt and a blade disposed below the developing roll for controlling an amount of toner adhering to the developing roll.

Abstract: A toner bearing body unit is constituted as one assembled unit including a toner bearing body for holding toners supplied from a toner supply roller of a housing main body at an outer peripheral surface thereof, a toner layer thickness regulating member for electrically charging the toners by applying pressure toward the outer peripheral surface of the toner bearing body and for forming a toner thin layer on the toner bearing body, and a holding member for holding the toner bearing body and the toner layer thickness regulating member. The toner bearing body unit is constituted to be directly attachable to and detachable from an outer side of the housing main body of a developing apparatus. Accordingly, an uniform toner thin layer having a predetermined thickness can be formed stably on the toner bearing body during a long period of use, and the developing apparatus reconstructed so that replacement of the components thereof can be carried out easily.

Abstract: A data processing system having flexibility coping with parallelism of a program comprises a plurality of processor elements for executing instructions, a main memory shared by the plurality of processor elements, and a plurality of parallel operation control facilities for enabling the plurality of processor elements to operate in synchronism. The plurality of parallel operation control facilities are provided in correspondence to the plurality of processor elements, respectively. The data processing system further comprises a multiprocessor operation control facility for enabling the plurality of processor elements to operate independently, and a flag for holding a value indicating which of the parallel operation mode or the multiprocessor mode is to be activated. The shared cache memory is implemented in a blank instruction and controlled by a cache controller so that inconsistency of the data stored in the cache memory is eliminated.

Abstract: A distributed computing system including a plurality of computers, wherein the execution of programs by the computers to perform real-time tasks are synchronized with each other. Each of the computers includes a local clock which is synchronized with the local clocks of the other computers and a start time determining apparatus for determining execution time of a program to be executed by the computer. The program to be executed by the computer is executed in synchronism with programs in the other computers under timing constraints. The execution time is determined by the start time determining apparatus by negotiating with the start time determining apparatus of the other computers.

Abstract: A distributed computing system, having a plurality of computers that differ from each other in terms of performance, load, and type, uniformly manages local priority schemes adapted in the respective computers by utilizing the concept of "urgency" or "time limit". Each of the computers includes a priority level conversion procedure for performing a conversion between an urgency level and a priority level of processing in accordance with the performance and the load of the computer, and a priority level changing procedure for changing a priority level of a program, which executes the processing, in accordance with a priority level indicated by the priority level conversion procedure.

Abstract: Registration controlling methods are provided for a color electrophotographic apparatus capable of forming an image without color registration errors and uneven color. This is accomplished by preventing a photosensitive medium from being undesirably moved in the direction perpendicular to the transportation direction caused by an electrostatic attractive force between the photosensitive medium and an intermediate transfer device, even if there is a twist between the fixed axis of the member supporting the photosensitive medium and the axis of the member supporting the intermediate transfer device. With these methods, a fur brush cleaner made of a conductive brush is detached from the intermediate transfer device during the time period after the start of driving the photosensitive medium and until the front edge of the photosensitive medium reaches the intermediate transfer device.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes toner powder in the form of fine colored powder, a toner carrier, and a frictional controlling member for contacting under a pressure with the toner carrier under pressure to frictionally charge the toner powder and form a thin toner layer on the toner carrier. The toner carrier on which the thin toner layer is formed is rotated so as to transport the thin toner layer to an opposing location on a toner image carrier on which an electrostatic latent image is formed to convert the electrostatic latent image into a visible image. The developing apparatus includes a toner supply roller disposed in rotating contact with the toner carrier at a side of the toner carrier, the frictional controlling member being provided at a position in contact with the toner carrier downstream of the toner supply roller; and a rotatable toner scraping member is provided in a neighboring relationship below the toner supply roller and the frictional controlling member.

Abstract: A data processing system having flexibility coping with parallelism of a program comprises a plurality of processor elements for executing instructions, a main memory shared by the plurality of processor elements, and a plurality of parallel operation control facilities for enabling the plurality of processor elements to operate in synchronism. The plurality of parallel operation control facilities are provided in correspondence to the plurality of processor elements, respectively. The data processing system further comprises a multiprocessor operation control facility for enabling the plurality of processor elements to operate independently, and a flag for holding a value indicating which of the parallel operation mode or the multiprocessor mode is to be activated. The shared cache memory is implemented in a blank instruction and controlled by a cache controller so that inconsistency of the data stored in the cache memory is eliminated.