Abstract: An optical disc having an aluminum reflective film is disclosed, wherein an oxide of Al in the stable oxidized state is introduced into the Al reflective film to eliminate changes with lapse of time to improve durability of the optical disc. A method for producing a reflective film on an optical disc is also disclosed, wherein a trace amount of oxygen is introduced into atmosphere in the course of formation of the reflective film.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device may include a structure formed separately of a light radiating region, and an electrode for injecting carriers over the light radiating region. A gap is formed between the light radiating region and the structure to introduce an air-bridge structure into the aforementioned electrode so that the capacitive component resulting from a presence of the electrode is drastically reduced.

Abstract: A process for producing an aqueous copolymer dispersion is disclosed, which comprises emulsion polymerizing 100 parts by weight of a vinyl monomer mixture comprising (A) from 60 to 99.8% by weight of an acrylic ester of an aliphatic saturated alcohol having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, (B) from 0.2 to 10% by weight of a monomer selected from the group consisting of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid, an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, a 2-hydroxyalkyl acrylate, a 2-hydroxyalkyl methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, methylolacrylamide, and methylolmethacrylamide, and (C) up to 30% by weight of a vinyl monomer other than the monomers (A) and (B) in the presence of from 0.01 to 10 parts by weight of a compound having an allyl hydrogen atom, with a total amount of the monomers (A), (B) and (C) being 100% by weight.

Abstract: An ultrasonic microscope comprises an ultrasonic pulse transmitting/receiving circuit for emitting an ultrasonic to a sample and receiving an echo from it, a scanner for scanning the sample in a direction normal to the direction of emitting the ultrasonic pulse, an extraction circuit for sampling the output signal of the ultrasonic pulse transmitting/receiving circuit at a given duration and at given intervals to extract echo data signals of plural depths in the sample, a first memory for storing B mode image data attained by a single scanning, a second memory for storing, as 3D image data, the B mode image data sequentially read out from the first memory, an image processor for reading out the image data from the second memory for image processing, and a display device for displaying the processed image data as a 2D or 3D image.

Abstract: A process for emulsion-polymerizing unsaturated monomer(s) is disclosed. When a hydrazine derivative having at least two hydrazine residues per molecule is added to the polymer dispersion obtained by said emulsion polymerization process, a polymer dispersion composition capable of forming a film which is excellent in blocking resistance, adhesiveness to an alkyd resin film, water-resistant adhesiveness to an alkyd resin film and water-resistant anti-whitening can be obtained.

Abstract: A process for producing a composite laminate comprising a insert part and an injection-molded resin part by coating the insert part with a primer comprising a copolymer aqueous emulsion having a glass transition point of not higher than 20.degree. C. which is obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture consisting mainly of (a) from 35 to 75% by weight of an alkyl acrylate having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety thereof, (b) from 10 to 50% by weight of an alkyl methacrylate having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety thereof, (c) up to 15% by weight of styrene and/or acrylonitrile, the sum of the (b) and (c) components ranging from 15 to 55% by weight, (d) up to 5% by weight of a vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of an .alpha.,.beta.

Abstract: This low temperature ultrasonic microscope comprises an adiabatic container having an opening in the upper part and containing a low temperature liquid which is an ultrasonic wave transmitting medium, a sample supporting member supporting a sample to be observed, removably inserted into the adiabatic container through the opening and arranged at the upper end out of the adiabatic container, an ultrasonic wave image observing device which has an acoustic lens arranged within the adiabatic container and projecting an ultrasonic wave beam toward the sample, the above mentioned device detecting sound waves projected from the acoustic lens and disturbed by the sample and obtaining an ultrasonic wave image, a housing part housing the upper end part of the sample supporting member and a connecting member which can connect through a path the housing part and adiabatic container with each other.

Abstract: An aluminium pigment composition disclosed herein comprises aluminium flakes, phosphorus supplied from an inorganic phosphoric acid in an amount of 500 to 10,000 ppm based on the aluminium weight, an aliphatic compound having at least one functional group within a molecule in an amount of 0.3 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of aluminium, water in an amount of 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of aluminium, a water-compatible alcohol in an amount of 5 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of aluminium and a hydrocarbon oil in an amount of 1 to 70 parts by weight of aluminium. The aluminium pigment composition according to the invention is particularly suitable for incorporating in the water base paint.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with tricyclic compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a carboxy-protecting radical; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical which may be substituted with a halogen atom; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently are a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical which may be substituted with a hydroxy radical or a substituted or unsubstituted amino radical; X is a halogen atom; and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical which may be substituted with a hydroxy radical, a lower alkoxy radical or a substituted or unsubstituted amino radical; or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, may form a 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring which may be substituted with one or more substituents at the carbon atom(s), and the heterocyclic ring may further contain --NR.sup.7 --, --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SO.sub.2 -- or --NR.sup.7 --CO--, and also R.sup.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with tricyclic compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a carboxy-protecting radical; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical which may be substituted with a halogen atom; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently are a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical which may be substituted with a hydroxy radical or a substituted or unsubstituted amino radical; X is a halogen atom; and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical which may be substituted with a hydroxy radical, a lower alkoxy radical or a substituted or unsubstituted amino radical; or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, may form a 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring which may be substituted with one or more substituents at the carbon atom(s), and the heterocyclic ring may further contain --NR.sup.7 --, --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SO.sub.2 -- or --NR.sup.7 --CO--, and also R.sup.

Abstract: A water tap cartridge to be mounted on the barrel of a compression-type faucet essentially consisting of an inlet portion communicating with a water supply pipe, an outlet portion forming a tap hole, a horizontal dowel seat portion horizontally extending and forming a partitioning wall between said inlet portion and outlet portion and a cylindrical rise-up portion extending vertically above said dowel seat portion, said rise-up portion being provided with a packing retaining thread on its top exterior surface, which comprises a cylinder having a flange portion, said cylinder being such that its lower end seats on said seat portion and its flange abutts the top end of said cylindrical rise-up portion when the cartridge is mounted on the faucet barrel, a cap nut adapted to be screwed onto said packing retaining thread with said flange being interposed therebetween so as to fix said cartridge rigidly with respect to the barrel, said cylinder having an orifice which is brought into communication with said outlet

Abstract: This invention relates to a manufacturing process for plate or forging (bar, stamp work or the like) of ferrite-austenite two-phase stainless steel, containing C at 0.03% or below, Si at 2.0% or below, Mn at 2.0% or below, Cr at 25 to 35%, Ni at 6 to 15%, N at 0.35% or below, and Fe and inevitable impurity for the remainder with or without adding B at 0.001 to 0.030% with the following nickel balance value specified at -3 to -9 and comprising an average crystal grain size at 0.015 mm or below from heating an ingot of the above mentioned ferrite-austenite two-phase stainless steel at 1,200.degree. C. or below and keeping a forging ratio by hot working at 5 or over.Ni balance value=Ni %+0.5 Mn %+30.times.(C+N) %-1.1(Cr %+1.5 Si %)+8.

Abstract: This invention relates to a welding material for welding a high-Si austenite stainless steel, capable of ensuring a high corrosion resistance of the weld metal in hot nitric acid of high concentration, while maintaining a toughness of the weld metal not smaller than 2 Kg-m/cm.sup.2, and the method of application therefor. The welding material has a composition containing not greater than 0.015% of C, 5 to 7% of Si, not greater than 2% of Mn, 15 to 20% of Cr, 10 to 22% of Ni, not greater than 0.02% of N, not greater than 0.45% of one or both of Nb and Ta, and the balance substantially Fe and inevitable impurities the sum of C and N contents is selected to be not greater than 0.03% and the sum of Nb and Ta contents is selected to be not smaller than 15.times.(C+N)%. The Ni-balance value given by the following formula ranges between -4 and -2.Ni balance value=% Ni+30(%C+%N)+0.5(%Mn)-1.1(%Cr+1.5.times.%Si)+8.

Abstract: This invention relates to a welding material of ferrite-austenite two-phase stainless steel capable of producing a weld metal having a high resistance to corrosion, particularly in an environment containing nitric acid, and the method of application therefor. The welding material consists essentially of not more than 0.03% of C, not more than 2.0% of Si, not more than 2.0% of Mn, 25 to 30% of Cr, 7 to 12% of Ni, not more than 0.35% of N, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. The Ni balance value given by the following formula ranges between -11.7 and -6.7:Ni balance value=Ni%+0.5.times.Mn%+30.times.(C+N)%-1.1 (Cr%+1.5.times.Si%)+8.2.

Abstract: In order to effect an automatic focus control in an image pick-up apparatus, a photography lens for forming an image of the object onto a two-dimensional solid state image sensing device is arranged in a fixed position, while the two-dimensional solid state image sensing device is arranged movably in the optical axis direction of the photography lens, and the image sensing device is moved in accordance with a focusing error signal detected by a focusing condition detecting circuit having an additional light receiving element mounted on the same substrate as the image sensor but discrete from and operating independently of the image sensor. Since the light and small solid state image sensing device is moved for the focus control instead of the heavy and large photography lens, it is possible to perform the focus control in a prompt manner and to make a mechanism for driving the image sensing device small and simple.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting focus conditions of a photographic optical system is disclosed. The invention comprises a member for dividing the wavefront of a light beam from a photographic optical system in an image space thereof, a first light receiving device including two photocell arrays provided in the front and the rear of a surface conjugated to a predetermined focal plane of the optical system, and a second light receiving device including at least one photocell array provided at a surface conjugated to one of the photocell arrays in the first light receiving device. A first signal representing horizontal shift of an optical image is detected based on outputs of at least one photocell array in the second light receiving device and one photocell array in the first light receiving device having a relation conjugated to the photocell array in the second light receiving device.

Abstract: In a camera, a focus condition of an objective lens system is automatically detected in accordance with a combination of two different type detection methods. A light flux emanating from the objective lens system is divided into two light fluxes by means of a prism having a half mirror and a reflecting mirror and a first light flux transmitted through the half mirror is received by a first light receiving element array via a lenticular lens array and a second light flux reflected by the half mirror and reflecting mirror successively is directly received by a second light receiving element array. The lenticular lens array is so arranged that an exit pupil of the objective lens and the first light receiving element array are conjugated with each other and thus divided images of the exit pupil are projected upon respective elements of each pair of adjacent light receiving elements.

Abstract: A method of detecting focusing conditions used for optical machinery is disclosed. The focusing conditions of an optical image projected onto photodetector arrays arranged on both sides of the focal plane with a certain optical distance are detected based on an evaluation function representing a sum of absolute values of differences between output signals of adjacent photodetectors. When a value of a first evaluation function represented by the largest absolute value is less than a predetermined threshold a second evaluation function represented by a sum of the maximum and next largest absolute values is used thereby detecting the focusing conditions for a graded image.

Abstract: In an analog-digital converting apparatus including a row of light receiving units with each unit having a light receiving element and a sample-hold circuit, a counter for producing a digital signal whose value is increased successively, a digital-analog converter for receiving the digital signal and producing an analog reference signal whose amplitude increases successively from a lower limit value to an upper limit value in step-shaped manner, comparators for comparing the output signals of the light receiving units with said analog reference signal, respectively, memories for receiving the digital signal and controlled by the comparators, respectively to store instantaneous digital values when the corresponding comparators change their states, there is provided a second light receiving unit having substantially the same construction as that of the first mentioned light receiving unit except that a light receiving element provided therein is covered with a light shielding mask so as to produce an output equ

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a focus condition of an imaging lens of a still camera by detecting a lateral shift of two images formed on a light receiving element array by means of light fluxes transmitted through different sections of the exit pupil of the imaging lens divided by a stripe mask is disclosed.