Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises an overflow detection circuit (5) which compares an output of at least one integrator in a ?? modulator (13) with a predetermined value to output an overflow detection signal; an overflow frequency calculation circuit (6) which calculates an overflow frequency value that is the frequency of the output from the integrator being outside a normal range, based on the overflow detection signal, and outputs the overflow frequency value; an oscillation judgment circuit (7) which judges whether the ?? modulator (13) is in the oscillation state or not based on the overflow frequency value; and an oscillation halt circuit which suppresses oscillation of the ?? modulator (13) when the oscillation judgment circuit (7) judges that the ?? modulator is in the oscillation state; wherein it is determined whether the output of the integrator is temporarily outside the normal range due to noise or the like or the output of the integrator is outside the normal range due to oscillation, by obtaini

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises an overflow detection circuit (5) which compares an output of at least one integrator in a ?? modulator (13) with a predetermined value to output an overflow detection signal; an overflow frequency calculation circuit (6) which calculates an overflow frequency value that is the frequency of the output from the integrator being outside a normal range, based on the overflow detection signal, and outputs the overflow frequency value; an oscillation judgment circuit (7) which judges whether the ?? modulator (13) is in the oscillation state or not based on the overflow frequency value; and an oscillation halt circuit which suppresses oscillation of the ?? modulator (13) when the oscillation judgment circuit (7) judges that the ?? modulator is in the oscillation state; wherein it is determined whether the output of the integrator is temporarily outside the normal range due to noise or the like or the output of the integrator is outside the normal range due to oscillation, by obtaini

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: In a feeding device, a first friction pad and a second friction pad are disposed on a circumferential surface of a pick roller so that a first contact area and a second contact area overlap each other. Thus, to a conveyance-target medium, which is either one of a conveyed medium and a separation-target medium, pressing forces are successively applied by the first friction pad or the second friction pad over the first contact area to the second contact area. Therefore, the conveyance-target medium, which is either one of the conveyed medium and the separation-target medium, successively receives a separation force in a total contact area wider than an area when receiving a separation force only in either one of the first contact area and the second contact area. With this, the capability of separating the conveyed medium and the separation-target medium can be increased.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes including production of vinyl acetate.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a novel enciphering and deciphering apparatus and an enciphering and deciphering method related thereto, which are respectively capable of contracting the time required for enciphering and deciphering processes and decreasing the number of logic gates provided in the apparatus. Essentially based on an equation Xki=1+?((J=1, i)iCj·Xk?1j) and also based on an initial value consisting of a group of power raising values Xk0j corresponding to j=1 through m in relation to k?1=k0, an arithmetic operating unit 21 seeks a second expression Yk1 by serially computing a group of power raising values Xki corresponding to i=1 through m in relation to one unit of k shown in the above equation in a range from k=k0+1 up to k=k1 by applying binomial coefficients stored in a coefficient memory unit 17.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes including production of vinyl acetate.

Abstract: A coding-decoding device and a coding-decoding method that take less time for coding and decoding are provided while using less number of logic gates. A memory device 15 substantially stores b pieces of conversion logic equations produced with a conversion logic equation producing device 13. An operation device 17 has a programmable hardware logic circuit to constitute logics sequentially according to plural execution unit logic equations obtained by dividing b pieces of conversion logic equations stored in the memory device 15 into execution units for respective execution unit logic equations using the hardware logic circuit. Besides, the operation device 17 sequentially divides and calculates the second sentences from the first sentences according to the constituted logics. An output device 19 collects and outputs the second sentences calculated with the operation device 17.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dehydrogenation process using a layered catalyst composition. The catalyst composition comprises an inner core such as alpha-alumina, and an outer layer bonded to the inner core composed of an outer refractory inorganic oxide such as gamma-alumina. The outer layer has uniformly dispersed thereon a platinum group metal such as platinum and a promoter metal such as tin. The composition also contains a modifier metal such as lithium. The catalyst composition shows improved durability and selectivity for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons, especially at dehydrogenation conditions comprising a low water concentration.

Abstract: A layered catalyst composition is disclosed where the composition is prepared by bonding an outer layer comprising a bound zeolite (e.g. zeolite beta) to an inner core material (e.g. cordierite). The use of an organic bonding agent in the catalyst preparation procedure provides a composition that is sufficiently resistant to mechanical attrition to be used commercially in aromatic alkylation processes (e.g. benzene alkylation to ethylbenzene). Advantages associated with the use of layered compositions include a significant reduction in the amount of zeolite used for a given reactor loading and improved selectivity to desired alkylated aromatic products. Further benefits are realized when the layered composition is formed into shapes having a sufficiently high void volume to reduce pressure drop across the alkylation catalyst bed. This is especially relevant for operation involving high recycle rates and consequently low alkylating agent concentrations in the reaction zone.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a novel enciphering and deciphering apparatus and an enciphering and deciphering method related thereto, which are respectively capable of contracting the time required for enciphering and deciphering processes and decreasing the number of logic gates provided in the apparatus. Essentially based on an equation Xki=1+&Sgr;((j=1, i) iCj·Xk−1j) and also based on an initial value consisting of a group of power raising values Xk0j corresponding to j=1 through m in relation to k−1=k0, an arithmetic operating unit 21 seeks a second expression Yk1 by serially computing a group of power raising values Xki corresponding to i=1 through m in relation to one unit of k shown in the above equation in a range from k=k0+1 up to k=k1 by applying binominal coefficients stored in a coefficient memory unit 17.

Abstract: A coding-decoding device and a coding-decoding method that take less time for coding and decoding are provided while using less number of logic gates. A memory device 15 substantially stores b pieces of conversion logic equations produced with a conversion logic equation producing device 13. An operation device 17 has a programmable hardware logic circuit to constitute logics sequentially according to plural execution unit logic equations obtained by dividing b pieces of conversion logic equations stored in the memory device 15 into execution units for respective execution unit logic equations using the hardware logic circuit. Besides, the operation device 17 sequentially divides and calculates the second sentences from the first sentences according to the constituted logics.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dehydrogenation process using a layered catalyst composition. The catalyst composition comprises an inner core such as alpha-alumina, and an outer layer bonded to the inner core composed of an outer refractory inorganic oxide such as gamma-alumina. The outer layer has uniformly dispersed thereon a platinum group metal such as platinum and a promoter metal such as tin. The composition also contains a modifier metal such as lithium. The catalyst composition shows improved durability and selectivity for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons, especially at dehydrogenation conditions comprising a low water concentration.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dehydrogenation process using a layered catalyst composition. The catalyst composition comprises an inner core such as alpha-alumina, and an outer layer bonded to the inner core composed of an outer refractory inorganic oxide such as gamma-alumina. The outer layer has uniformly dispersed thereon a platinum group metal such as platinum and a promoter metal such as tin. The composition also contains a modifier metal such as lithium. The catalyst composition shows improved durability and selectivity for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons, especially at dehydrogenation conditions comprising a low water concentration.

Abstract: A layered catalyst composition is disclosed where the composition is prepared by bonding an outer layer comprising a bound zeolite (e.g. zeolite beta) to an inner core material (e.g. cordierite). The use of an organic bonding agent in the catalyst preparation procedure provides a composition that is sufficiently resistant to mechanical attrition to be used commercially in aromatic alkylation processes (e.g. benzene alkylation to ethylbenzene). Advantages associated with the use of layered compositions include a significant reduction in the amount of zeolite used for a given reactor loading and improved selectivity to desired alkylated aromatic products. Further benefits are realized when the layered composition is formed into shapes having a sufficiently high void volume to reduce pressure drop across the alkylation catalyst bed. This is especially relevant for operation involving high recycle rates and consequently low alkylating agent concentrations in the reaction zone.