Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to the present invention includes a light source, an optical control member, and a liquid crystal display panel. Said optical control member includes a base having optical transparency and a plurality of linear structures provided on said base, a section of the linear structure orthogonal to its extending direction includes a first sectional portion having a triangular shape defined by first to third sides, and a second sectional portion having a plurality of triangular structures each having a smaller area than the first sectional portion and defined by fourth to sixth sides, the first side of the first sectional portion is abutted on and parallel to a surface of said base, the second sectional portion is provided on the second side of the first sectional portion, and the fourth side of the second sectional portion is abutted on and parallel to the second side of the first sectional portion.

Abstract: A polymerization initiator, a first polymerizable compound, and a second polymerizable compound are poured into a hollow of a first member (12). The first and second polymerizable compounds are copolymerized to produce a second member (16). The second member (16) is produced by forming a first layer (21) on an inner wall of the first member (12) and sequentially forming a layer over a precedingly formed layer. To form each layer, the first and second polymerizable compounds are put in the hollow of the first member (12), satisfying 1/99?W2/(W1+W2)?? when W1 is a weight of the first polymerizable compound, and W2 is a weight of the second polymerizable compound. The first and second polymerizable compounds are mixed such that the value of W2/(W1+W2) increases from the first layer (21) toward an nth layer.

Abstract: A method of producing a metal plated material, the method including: preparing a polymer solution containing a polymer; preparing a composition by mixing the polymer solution with a monomer at an amount of from 30% by mass to 200% by mass with respect to the polymer, at least one of the polymer or the monomer having a non-dissociative functional group that interacts with a plating catalyst or a precursor thereof, forming a cured layer on a substrate by applying the composition, drying the composition and curing the composition; applying the plating catalyst or the precursor thereof to the cured layer; and conducting plating with respect to the plating catalyst or the precursor thereof to form a plating film on the cured layer.

Abstract: The lighting apparatus includes a light source, a housing that contains the light source inside and has an exit port for outputting light from the light source, and an optical sheet that is placed in the exit port. The optical sheet includes a lens structure that is placed at a light exit side and aligns an output direction of incident light from the light source, a reflector that is placed at a light incident side and reflects light emitted by the light source, and a light transmitting opening that exists in the reflector and transmits incident light from the light source. The light transmitting opening is placed in a position deviated from an optical axis of the lens structure. The display apparatus includes the lighting apparatus.

Abstract: A polymerizable composition for forming an optical device, which comprises a polymerizable monomer of the following formula (1) and a polymerizable monomer of the following formula (2). Using the composition makes it possible to produce an optical device which has a high light transmittability and keeps a reduced transmission loss even in wet. wherein R1 and R2 each are H or D; R3 is H, D, CH3, CD3 or a halogen atom; R4is an alkyl group having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and at least partly substituted with a fluorine atom, wherein R1 and R2 each are H or D; R3 is H, D, CH3, CD3 or a halogen atom; X1 to X5 each are H, D, a halogen atom or CF3, and at least one of X1 to X5 is a halogen atom or CF3.

Abstract: A method for adsorbing a catalyst, including: a step of applying, to a substrate, a photocurable composition which contains a compound having a polymerizable group and a group that is interactive with a plating catalyst or a precursor thereof, and that, when photo-cured, forms a surface-hydrophobic cured material satisfying the following Requirements 1 and 2; a step of curing the curable composition by pattern-wise exposure, a step of removing uncured materials by development; and a step of bringing an aqueous plating catalyst solution containing a plating catalyst or a precursor thereof and an organic solvent into contact with the substrate, wherein when a palladium-containing test liquid is brought into contact with the substrate having the patterned surface-hydrophobic cured material layer formed thereon, A mg/m2 and B mg/m2, which respectively refer to a palladium adsorption in an area having the surface-hydrophobic cured material layer formed thereon and a palladium adsorption in an area not having the s

Abstract: A plating method comprising: (a) applying a plating catalyst liquid containing a catalytic element and an organic solvent, to an object to be plated having, at least at a surface thereof, a functional group capable of forming an interaction with the catalytic element; and (b) performing plating on the object to be plated, to which the plating catalyst liquid has been applied.

Abstract: A first polymerizable composition is poured into a pipe (30), then is polymerized to be a first layer (13). Next, a second polymerizable composition is poured into the pipe (30) and polymerized to be a second layer (14). These pouring and polymerizing processes are repeated to form an optical medium (10) including n-layers of polymer. Each layer is formed by polymerizing the polymerizable composition comprising same kinds of plural polymerizable contents as those in other polymerizable compositions for other layers. The layer at the inner side is formed from the polymerizable composition including larger ratio of a polymerizable content which has higher refractive index than that of at least another polymerizable content in the same polymerizable composition, compared with the polymerizable composition for forming the adjacent layer at the outer side. A difference of refractive indices between adjacent two polymer layers is at least 5×10?5 but less than 5×10?3.

Abstract: A field-effect transistor is composed of a substrate, an electron transport layer and an electron supply layer formed sequentially on the substrate, wherein the electron transport layer and the electron supply layer are formed of a nitride semiconductor, a gate electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode formed on the electron supply layer; and two high impurity concentration regions located in a depth direction directly below the source electrode and the drain electrode, respectively, the two high impurity concentration regions being formed to sandwich a two-dimensional electron gas layer formed between the electron transport layer and the electron supply layer. The two high impurity concentration regions each have a higher impurity concentration than the electron transport layer and the electron supply layer located directly below the gate electrode.

Abstract: A composition including a polymer, the polymer having a non-dissociative functional group that interacts with a plating catalyst or a precursor thereof, a radical polymerizable group, and an ionic polar group; a method of producing a metal pattern material using the same: and a metal pattern material produced by the method.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a plurality of self-luminous elements formed on a substrate and emitting different wavelengths of light from each other, a hemispherical lens structure formed on the substrate to cover the self-luminous elements, and a plurality of translucent spherical particles covering a surface of the lens structure. Light emitted from the self-luminous elements passes through the lens structure and enters the translucent spherical particles where its direction is largely inclined to scatter due to a difference in refractive index between the translucent spherical particles and air. Consequently, different wavelengths of light from the self-luminous elements are mixed to produce a desired color of light.

Abstract: A design data generating apparatus for generating new design data of an article by performing a shape transformation process with respect to design data of the article which has been already generated comprises an input device which receives transformation instructions from an operator and an operation device which performs an operation of the design data in accordance with the input transformation instructions. The input device receives input of allocation of article shape attribute between an attribute of a transformation region which is to be transformed and an attribute of a maintaining region which maintains its shape, and input of a transformation instruction vector defined by a direction and an amount of transformation with respect to the article. The operation device performs a transformation process with respect to a node which defines an article shape of the transformation region in accordance with the transformation instruction vector.

Abstract: A game apparatus includes a game machine and a game cartridge. On a case of the game machine, operation buttons are provided. On the LCD, game images of a player object and non-player objects in a game space are displayed. For example, a player, by holding the case with both hands and operating the operation buttons, controls a holding action of a left hand and a right hand of the player object. When the player instructs the player object to perform the holding action, if the non-player object exists at a position where the hand of the player object exists, the non-player object is held. In a case that the player object holds the non-player object with one hand, the player object rotates, and by changing the non-player object to be held, the player object can move within the game space. Furthermore, if releasing the hand from it during the rotation, the player object jumps out.

Abstract: A POF (12) comprises a core (65) having a radius of R1, an outer shell (66) and an outermost shell (67). The core (65) includes concentric layers. A first layer (61) is at the periphery side and an nth layer (64) is at the center of the core (65). The refractive index increases from the first layer (61) to the nth layer (64). The refractive index N(r) at a position where a distance r apart in a radius direction from the center of the core (65) having a radius of R1 is satisfied following equations (1) and (2) when the center of a cross-sectional circle of the core (65) has the refractive index of N1, the outermost part of the core (65) has the refractive index of N2, and a refractive index distribution coefficient is shown as g: N(r)=N1[1?2?(r/R1)g]1/2??[Equation (1)] ?=(N12?N22)/(2N12).

Abstract: A process for producing a metal film-coated material, the process including: (a1) forming, on a substrate, a polymer layer formed from a polymer which has a functional group capable of interacting with a plating catalyst or a precursor thereof, and is directly chemically bonded to the substrate; (a2) providing a plating catalyst or a precursor thereof to the polymer layer; and (a3) performing plating with respect to the plating catalyst or a precursor thereof. The polymer layer satisfies all of specific requirements regarding the saturated water absorption coefficient, the saturated water absorption coefficient, the water absorption coefficient, and the surface contact angle of the polymer layer.

Abstract: A backlight device 10 according to the invention includes an optical member 17 provided on a surface light source. The optical member 17 includes a lenticular lens sheet 14 having a plurality of cylindrical lenses CL1 arranged in parallel to one another and a lenticular lens sheet 15 provided on the lenticular lens sheet 14 and having a plurality of cylindrical lenses CL2 arranged in parallel to one another. Therefore, light emitted obliquely to the front surface can be restrained and improved front side brightness is provided.

Abstract: A method of producing a metal plated material, the method including: preparing a polymer solution containing a polymer; preparing a composition by mixing the polymer solution with a monomer at an amount of from 30% by mass to 200% by mass with respect to the polymer, at least one of the polymer or the monomer having a non-dissociative functional group that interacts with a plating catalyst or a precursor thereof, forming a cured layer on a substrate by applying the composition, drying the composition and curing the composition; applying the plating catalyst or the precursor thereof to the cured layer; and conducting plating with respect to the plating catalyst or the precursor thereof to form a plating film on the cured layer.

Abstract: A POF includes an inner core having a refractive index distribution and an outer core provided on periphery of the inner core. A ratio Ra/Rb of an outer diameter of the inner core to the outer core satisfies 0.67?(Ra/Rb)?0.87 such that an outgoing beam from an end of the POF may have a parallel area of at least 200 ?m. Thus a space between the end for exiting the exit light and a light receiving device can be kept at least 200 mm without members or devices for collimating.

Abstract: A process for producing a metal film-coated material, the process including: (a1) forming, on a substrate, a polymer layer formed from a polymer which has a functional group capable of interacting with a plating catalyst or a precursor thereof, and is directly chemically bonded to the substrate; (a2) providing a plating catalyst or a precursor thereof to the polymer layer; and (a3) performing plating with respect to the plating catalyst or a precursor thereof. The polymer layer satisfies all of the following requirements (1) to (4): (1) the saturated water absorption coefficient of the polymer layer as measured in an environment of temperature of 25° C. and relative humidity of 50% is 0.01 to 10% by mass; (2) the saturated water absorption coefficient of the polymer layer as measured in an environment of temperature of 25° C. and relative humidity of 95% is 0.05 to 20% by mass; (3) the water absorption coefficient of the polymer layer as measured after 1 hour of immersion in boiling water at 100° C. is 0.

Abstract: A first polymerizable composition is poured into a pipe (30), then is polymerized to be a first layer (13). Next, a second polymerizable composition is poured into the pipe (30) and polymerized to be a second layer (14). These pouring and polymerizing processes are repeated to form an optical medium (10) including n-layers of polymer. Each layer is formed by polymerizing the polymerizable composition comprising same kinds of plural polymerizable contents as those in other polymerizable compositions for other layers. The layer at the inner side is formed from the polymerizable composition including larger ratio of a polymerizable content which has higher refractive index than that of at least another polymerizable content in the same polymerizable composition, compared with the polymerizable composition for forming the adjacent layer at the outer side. A difference of refractive indices between adjacent two polymer layers is at least 5×10?5 but less than 5×10?3.