Abstract: In one embodiment, an automatic voltage regulator includes a detection instruction unit configured to monitor a generator output voltage, and output an instruction signal when the output voltage of the generator 12 deviates from a predetermined range, the instruction signal being a signal of instructing detection of a specifying parameters generated in a generator field circuit of a generator excitation system; a field-parameter detection unit configured to detect the specifying parameters following to the instruction signal; and a comparison calculator configured to calculate a comparison value between the specifying parameters and a predetermined allowable upper-limit voltage-value of each component constituting the generator excitation system.

Abstract: To improve peelability, yield in a peeling step, and yield in manufacturing a flexible device. A peeling method is employed which includes a first step of forming a peeling layer containing tungsten over a support substrate; a second step of forming, over the peeling layer, a layer to be peeled formed of a stack including a first layer containing silicon oxynitride and a second layer containing silicon nitride in this order and forming an oxide layer containing tungsten oxide between the peeling layer and the layer to be peeled; a third step of forming a compound containing tungsten and nitrogen in the oxide layer by heat treatment; and a fourth step of peeling the peeling layer from the layer to be peeled at the oxide layer.

Abstract: The yield of a peeling process is improved. A first step of forming a peeling layer to a thickness of greater than or equal to 0.1 nm and less than 10 nm over a substrate; a second step of forming, on the peeling layer, a layer to be peeled including a first layer in contact with the peeling layer; a third step of separating parts of the peeling layer and parts of the first layer to form a peeling trigger; and a fourth step of separating the peeling layer and the layer to be peeled are performed. The use of the thin peeling layer can improve the yield of a peeling process regardless of the structure of the layer to be peeled.

Abstract: The yield of a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device is increased. The mass productivity of a semiconductor device is increased. A semiconductor device is manufactured by forming a first material layer over a substrate; forming a second material layer over the first material layer; and separating the first material layer and the second material layer from each other; and heating the first material layer and the second material layer that are stacked before the separation. The first material layer includes a gas containing hydrogen, oxygen, or hydrogen and oxygen (e.g., water) in a metal oxide, for example. The second material layer includes a resin. The first material layer and the second material layer are separated from each other by a break of a hydrogen bond. Specifically water is separated out at the interface or near the interface, and then adhesion is reduced due to the water present.

Abstract: The yield of a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device is increased. The productivity of a semiconductor device is increased. A first material layer is formed over a substrate, a second material layer is formed over the first material layer, and the first material layer and the second material layer are separated from each other, so that a semiconductor device is manufactured. In addition, a stack including the first material layer and the second material layer is preferably heated before the separation. The first material layer includes one or more of hydrogen, oxygen, and water. The first material layer includes a metal oxide, for example. The second material layer includes a resin (e.g., polyimide or acrylic). The first material layer and the second material layer are separated from each other by cutting a hydrogen bond.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a flexible semiconductor device is disclosed. The method includes: forming a separation layer of a metal over a substrate; treating the separation layer with plasma under an atmosphere containing nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, and hydrogen; forming a layer over the plasma-treated separation layer, the layer being capable of supplying hydrogen and nitrogen to the separation layer; forming a functional layer over the separation layer; performing heat treatment to promote the release of hydrogen and nitrogen from the layer; and separating the substrate at the separation layer. The method allows the formation of an extremely thin oxide layer over the separation layer, which facilitates the separation, reduces the probability that the oxide layer remains under the layer, and contributes to the increase in efficiency of a device included in the functional layer.

Abstract: A transmission module includes an electrically insulative substrate body, a first card edge connector provided at a first end of the substrate body, a second card edge connector provided at a second end of the substrate body, a circuit element mounted on the substrate body, a control element mounted on the substrate body and provided with a built-in memory which controls the circuit element, a first wiring pattern formed on the substrate body for connecting an electrode of the first card edge connector and the control element together, and a second wiring pattern formed on the substrate body for connecting an electrode of the second card edge connector and the control element together.

Abstract: A display device with high visibility regardless of the ambient brightness is manufactured at low cost. A method for manufacturing a display device that includes a first display element, a second display element, and an insulating layer is provided. The first display element includes a first pixel electrode that reflects visible light, a liquid crystal layer, and a first common electrode that transmits visible light. The second display element includes a second pixel electrode that transmits visible light, a light-emitting layer, and a second common electrode that reflects visible light. The first common electrode is formed over a first substrate. A separation layer that reflects visible light is formed over a formation substrate, the insulating layer is formed over the separation layer, and the second display element is formed over the insulating layer. The formation substrate and a second substrate are bonded to each other with an adhesive.

Abstract: To provide a peeling method that achieves low cost and high mass productivity. The peeling method includes the steps of: forming a first layer with a photosensitive material over a formation substrate; forming a first region and a second region having a smaller thickness than the first region in the first layer by photolithography to form a resin layer having the first region and the second region; forming a transistor including an oxide semiconductor in a channel formation region over the first region in the resin layer; forming a conductive layer over the second region in the resin layer; and irradiating the resin layer with laser light to separate the transistor and the formation substrate.

Abstract: An optical communication module includes a module board housed in a casing, a VCSEL and a driving IC mounted on a mounting surface of the module board, a lens holder mounted on the mounting surface of the module board, a lens block held by the lens holder, a plurality of thermal vias passing through the module board, and a first fixing screw and a second fixing screw passing through the module board to be screwed into the casing so as to press a back surface of the module board against a bottom surface of the casing, and the first fixing screw and the second fixing screw are each arranged in a region between the plug connector and the lens holder and on either outer side of the lens holder.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a flexible semiconductor device is disclosed. The method includes: forming a separation layer of a metal over a substrate; treating the separation layer with plasma under an atmosphere containing nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, and hydrogen; forming a layer over the plasma-treated separation layer, the layer being capable of supplying hydrogen and nitrogen to the separation layer; forming a functional layer over the separation layer; performing heat treatment to promote the release of hydrogen and nitrogen from the layer; and separating the substrate at the separation layer. The method allows the formation of an extremely thin oxide layer over the separation layer, which facilitates the separation, reduces the probability that the oxide layer remains under the layer, and contributes to the increase in efficiency of a device included in the functional layer.

Abstract: A peeling method at low cost with high mass productivity is provided. An oxide layer is formed over a formation substrate, a first layer is formed over the oxide layer using a photosensitive material, an opening is formed in a portion of the first layer that overlaps with the oxide layer by a photolithography method and the first layer is heated to form a resin layer having an opening, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor in a channel formation region is formed over the resin layer, a conductive layer is formed to overlap with the opening of the resin layer and the oxide layer, the oxide layer is irradiated with light using a laser, and the transistor and the formation substrate are separated from each other.

Abstract: A peeling method of one embodiment of the present invention includes a first step of forming a first insulating layer over a substrate; a second step of forming a second insulating layer over the first insulating layer; a third step of forming a peeling layer over the second insulating layer; a fourth step of performing plasma treatment on a surface of the peeling layer; a fifth step of forming a third insulating layer over the peeling layer; a sixth step of performing heat treatment; and a seventh step of separating the peeling layer and the third insulating layer from each other. The first insulating layer and the third insulating layer each have a function of blocking hydrogen and for example, include a silicon nitride film or the like. The second insulating layer has a function of releasing hydrogen by heating and for example, includes a silicon oxide film.

Abstract: A characteristic of an optical element, especially a high frequency characteristic, installed in a communication module is improved. The communication module has: a first and second front surface side metal layers provided on a front surface of a module substrate and electrically separated from each other; a first and second rear surface side metal layers provided on a rear surface of the module substrate and electrically separated from each other; a first thermal via bored through the module substrate and thermally connecting the first front and rear surface side metal layers; and a second thermal via bored through the module substrate and thermally connecting the second front and rear surface side metal layers. A driving IC is mounted on and thermally connected to the first front surface side metal layer. A light emitting element is mounted on and thermally connected to the second front surface side metal layer.

Abstract: Provided is a novel display panel that is highly convenient or highly reliable, a novel input/output device that is highly convenient or highly reliable, or a method for manufacturing a novel display panel that is highly convenient or highly reliable. The present inventors conceived a structure including a first intermediate film, a first electrode including a region in contact with the first intermediate film, a pixel that includes a first display element including the first electrode and a pixel circuit electrically connected to the first display element, a signal line electrically connected to the pixel, and a terminal that includes a third conductive film electrically connected to the signal line and a second intermediate film including a region in contact with the third conductive film.

Abstract: A connector is configured of a plug connector and a receptacle connector. The plug connector has an insertion convex portion including: a first sidewall portion and a second sidewall portion that are in parallel with each other and a plurality of first connection terminals provided on the sidewall portions. The receptacle connector has an insertion concave portion to which the insertion convex portion is inserted and in which a plurality of second connection terminals that are contacted with the first connection terminals are provided. The respective inner side surfaces of the first sidewall portion and the second sidewall portion face each other across a space, and the plurality of first connection terminals are arranged on the respective outer side surfaces of the first sidewall portion and the second sidewall portion.

Abstract: A novel display panel that is highly convenient or reliable is provided. A structure in invented which includes a first display element, a first conductive film, a second conductive film, a first insulating film, an intermediate film, a pixel circuit, and a second display element. The first conductive film is electrically connected to the first display element. The second conductive film includes a region overlapping with the first conductive film. The first insulating film includes a region located between the second conductive film and the first conductive film. The first conductive film is located between the second conductive film and part of the intermediate film. The pixel circuit is electrically connected to the second conductive film. The second display element is electrically connected to the pixel circuit. The first insulating film has an opening. The second conductive film is electrically connected to the first conductive film through the opening.

Abstract: A communication module includes a plug connector, the plug connector has an insertion projection, the insertion projection has a board insertion portion into which an insertion end portion of a module board is inserted formed therein, a plurality of first adjustment projections are provided on an upper surface of the board insertion portion, and a plurality of second adjustment projections are provided on a lower surface of the board insertion portion. The first adjustment projections and the second adjustment projections are arranged alternately along the width direction of the board insertion portion, the first adjustment projections come in contact with a top surface of the insertion end portion which is opposed to the upper surface of the board insertion portion, and the second adjustment projections come in contact with the back surface of the insertion end portion which is opposed to the lower surface of the board insertion portion.

Abstract: The present invention achieves a way of mounting plural optical modules onto a wiring board more simply and more densely. There is provided an optical module assembly for mounting plural optical modules onto a wiring board. The optical module assembly includes the optical modules to which optical wiring has been connected and a module case to accommodate the optical modules. The optical modules and the module case are unified. The module case is provided with a floating mechanism for making the optical modules floating, when accommodated therein. The floating mechanism is comprised of plate springs or the like.

Abstract: A substrate conveying method conveying a layered body having first and second substrates stacked with a spacer member provided between their respective bottom surfaces facing each other includes receiving the first substrate by holding the first substrate from below its bottom surface using a first holding mechanism provided on a side of a first fork provided above a second fork, and turning the first fork upside down and placing the received first substrate on the second fork; receiving the spacer member held in a substrate holding part by holding the spacer member from above using a second holding mechanism provided on the same side of the first fork as the first holding mechanism, and placing the received spacer member on the first substrate; and holding the second substrate from above its top surface using the first holding mechanism, and placing the received second substrate on the spacer member.