Abstract: An acidic composition for external use which contains an acidic poly saccharide and water as essential ingredients, and an agent for accelerating the penetration into skin or the like of a cosmetic preparation, hair-growing agent or preparation for external use, each containing the composition. The composition is easy to manufacture, and shows a stronger cosmetic or therapeutic effects than conventional compositions.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire capable of preventing clogging of a groove on a tread to improve snow performance and mud performance is provided. The pneumatic tire includes a tread having a land area such as a block and a rib sectioned by a groove formed on a tread surface, and an edge disposed on a side of the land area, which edge extends from a land surface to a groove bottom and projects into the groove. The edge has a bent portion having an obtuse angle and thus is step-shaped in the depth direction of the groove.

Abstract: A composition for use in preparation of carbon dioxide gel for external use of the present invention is used for preparing a carbon dioxide gel for external use including carbon dioxide dissolved therein in a substantial non-bubble form. The composition includes a granular material and a viscous material to be mixed with the granular material. In a first composition for use in preparation of carbon dioxide gel for external use, the granular material includes a weak acid and a calcium ion trapping agent as essential components, whereas the viscous material includes calcium carbonate, a gelling agent gelated by calcium ions and water as essential components. In a second composition for use in preparation of carbon dioxide gel for external use, the granular material includes a weak acid and a dispersant as essential components, whereas the viscous material includes calcium carbonate, a gelling agent gelated by calcium ions, a calcium ion trapping agent and water as essential components.

Abstract: A material for formation of carbon dioxide external preparation of the present invention comprises a base agent and a reactant. The base agent comprises a polymeric three-dimensional network structure impregnated with a viscous material containing at least an acid and water, and is made to contact with the skin in use. The reactant contains at least a carbonate, and contacts with the aforementioned viscous material in use so as to generate carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide dissolving in the viscous material substantially in a non-bubble state.

Abstract: A skin composition for external use containing an acidic composition (A) which contains an alginate(s), at least one of weak acid selected from among phosphoric acid-type weak acids and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-type weak acids, and water; and a solidifying/gelling agent (B) containing a calcium salt(s) which is to be supplied to the acidic composition (A) sticking to the skin surface. In some cases, the skin composition for external use further includes an absorbent to be impregnated with the acidic composition (A).

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbon dioxide external administration device according to which assured cosmetic and medical effects can be readily obtained. This administration device comprises a sealing enclosure member capable of sealing a body surface from the outside air, a supply means for supplying carbon dioxide into the inside of the sealing enclosure member, and an absorption aid that assists transdermal or transmucosal absorption of the carbon dioxide inside the sealing enclosure member. The administration device may further have a carbon dioxide amount indicator that expands upon carbon dioxide being supplied into the sealing enclosure member, and contracts by the decrease of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is dissolved in a non-bubble state in a viscous material comprising at least water and a thickener. A production method of this carbon dioxide composition for external use comprises the steps of introducing at least water and a thickener as raw materials into a carbon dioxide-impermeable sealable container, reducing the pressure inside the container to degas the raw materials, and filling carbon dioxide into the container and maintaining a sealed state, and the step of mixing the raw materials to prepare a viscous material, wherein at least during the step of filling carbon dioxide into the container. Another carbon dioxide composition for external use comprises at least a fermentation microbe, a metabolite of the fermentation microbe, a thickener, water, and carbon dioxide. With these carbon dioxide compositions for external use, strong cosmetic and medical effects are readily obtained with a small amount of the composition.

Abstract: For some embodiments of the present disclosure, an array substrate includes a transparent insulating substrate, a plurality of wires positioned on the transparent insulating substrate, a first insulating film positioned on the transparent insulating substrate and in between the wires, and a second insulating film positioned on the wires and on the first insulating film. By virtue of the first insulating film positioned between the wires, the wires are completely covered by the first insulating film and the second insulating film.

Abstract: An acidic composition for external use which contains an acidic polysaccharide and water as essential ingredients, and an agent for accelerating the penetration into skin or the like of a cosmetic preparation, hair-growing agent or preparation for external use, each containing the composition. The composition is easy to manufacture, and shows a stronger cosmetic or therapeutic effects than conventional compositions.

Abstract: Compositions for preparing external carbon dioxide agents comprising a granular material containing a water-soluble acid(s), a thickener(s) and a water-soluble dispersant(s) as the essential components wherein the thickener(s) is (are) mixed with the water-soluble acid(s) and the water-soluble dispersant(s), and a viscous material, which consists of a carbonate(s), water and a thickener(s) as essential components; to be mixed with the said granular material at use, by which an external carbon dioxide agent can be prepared easily in a short period of time. The prepared external carbon dioxide agent, containing much carbon dioxide evenly all over, has sufficient viscosity and can form a coating film on the surface in contact with air, therefore the diffusion of carbon dioxide is suppressed, the applied agent does not droop and its thickness is not reduced when applied to skin or mucosa; and the agent shows potent and quick cosmetic and medical effects.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide-containing viscous composition wherein carbon dioxide bubbles are retained in an aqueous viscous composition. Use of the composition makes it possible to treat or ameliorate itching accompanying mucocutaneous diseases or mucocutaneous disorders, mucocutaneous injury, dental diseases, skin ulcer, cryesthesia and numbness caused by peripheral circulatory disorders, musculoskeletal diseases, nervous system diseases, keratosis, constipation, unwanted hair re-growing after depilation, cosmetic troubles in the skin or hair, partial obesity, etc. while exerting little side effects.

Abstract: In a vehicle air conditioner where air blown into a passenger compartment is heated in a heater core using cooling water for cooling a fuel cell system as a heating source, a flow amount of cooling water flowing into the heat core is controlled by a control valve based on a surplus heat quantity of the fuel cell system and a necessary heat quantity of the passenger compartment. Further, when the surplus heat quantity of the fuel cell system is smaller than the necessary heat quantity, an insufficient heat quantity is supplemented by a supplementary heater.

Abstract: An electric compressor having a compression unit and an electric motor is mounted to a vehicle through a first support member supporting the compression unit and a second support member supporting the motor. A spring constant of the first support member is smaller than that of the second support member. Therefore, vibration of the compression unit is absorbed by the first support member, and is restricted from being transmitted to the vehicle. On the other hand, vibration of the vehicle is absorbed by the second support member, and is restricted from being transmitted to the compressor. As a result, inlet and outlet pipes connected to the compressor are insulated from a large amount of stress and therefore are not broken due to fatigue at an early stage.

Abstract: A heat pump air conditioner has a heat exchanger, a separator for separating refrigerant discharged from the heat exchanger into gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant, and a compressor. Gas refrigerant in the separator is sucked into the compressor through a gas suction pipe. Oil-dissolved liquid refrigerant in the separator is also sucked through an oil return hole formed at a bottom of the gas suction pipe into the compressor. At the time of starting the air conditioner, when it is judged that a surface of liquid refrigerant in the separator is rapidly lowered to the oil return hole, a rotational speed of the compressor is controlled so that an amount of refrigerant discharged from the compressor is decreased. As a result, the surface of liquid refrigerant is kept higher than the oil return hole, and oil shortage of the compressor is restricted.

Abstract: Prophylactic or therapeutic agents for respiratory diseases, allergic diseases, keratosis, and carcinomatous pain, containing Smilax china or a plant analogous thereto as the active ingredient. These agents can improve the condition and predisposition of acute and chronic respiratory diseases, such as acute bronchitis, bronchial asthma, asthmatic bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, pan bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis, allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, pollinosis, allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis, and keratosis, such as psoriasis, lichen, ichthyosis, furfur, and palmoplantar keratosis without side effects and at the same time can lower serum IgE level on an abnormally high level in a short period of time. After the symptom and predisposition have been improved, these agents can, even after suspension of administration, persistently lower the serum IgE level and in addition can inhibit the recurrence of the symptom.

Abstract: In a vehicle air conditioner where air blown into a passenger compartment is heated in a heater core using cooling water for cooling a fuel cell system as a heating source, a flow amount of cooling water flowing into the heat core is controlled by a control valve based on a surplus heat quantity of the fuel cell system and a necessary heat quantity of the passenger compartment. Further, when the surplus heat quantity of the fuel cell system is smaller than the necessary heat quantity, an insufficient heat quantity is supplemented by a supplementary heater.

Abstract: An air conditioner system for vehicles has an exterior heat exchanger, which is used as an evaporator at the time of heating operation. A control unit monitors the heating operation and stores a defrost flag when the heating operation continues for a predetermined time period, e.g., 20 minutes, under a low exterior air temperature below a predetermined temperature, e.g., 5° C. When an electric vehicle is at rest after the heating operation to charge its secondary battery with an electric power from an external power source, the control unit first starts a defrosting operation and starts a charging operation of the secondary battery after the completion of the defrosting operation.

Abstract: An applying means in a discharge means includes a set of electrodes, and the electrodes face the ground level, are aligned along one continuous plane, are separated from each other at specified intervals in the horizontal direction, and are set to the same electrical potential. When the direct current high voltage is supplied from a power supply means, electric force lines are directed upward in the air above the applying means, producing charged particles based on corona discharge from the applying means. The charged particles absorb water in the air, condensing and binding into water, and dispersing the fog.