Abstract: The polymer particles of the invention are characterized by being obtained by polycondensation of at least one from among Compound 1 represented by general formula (1), its hydrolysates and its partial condensates, and at least one from among Compound 2 represented by general formula (2), its hydrolysates and its partial condensates, and by having a mean particle size of 3-1000 nm.

Abstract: There are provided aqueous dispersions for CMP that can efficiently polish both copper films and barrier metal films, which can give sufficient flattened finished surfaces without excessive polishing of insulating films, as well as a CMP process employing the aqueous dispersions. The aqueous dispersions for CMP according to the invention are characterized in that for polishing of a copper film, barrier metal film and insulating film under the same conditions, the polishing rate ratio (RCu/RBM) of the copper film (RCu) and the barrier metal film (RBM) is such that 0.5≦RCu/RBM≦2, and the polishing rate ratio (RCu/RIn) of the copper film (RCu) and the insulating film (RIn) is such that 0.5≦RCu/RIn≦2.

Abstract: A device for encoding turbo codes for use in satellite communications. Input data including termination bits are supplied to a series of interleaver circuits. Coding circuits perform convolution operations on data output from the respective interleavers, thereby obtaining coded data. The encoding process automatically results in terminated coded data. Thus, termination circuits are unnecessary. The determination of substitute positions by the respective interleavers through arithmetic computations makes it unnecessary to provide separate memory to store substitute position information.

Abstract: A soft output decoding method and apparatus are provided for provided convolutional codes. After computing the number of states times I&bgr; (&bgr;t˜&bgr;t−D+1) for a truncated length, the soft output outside the truncated length is sequentially computed, as next following I&bgr; (&bgr;t−D˜&bgr;t−2D+1) outside the next following truncated length is computed, at the same time as I&bgr; of the next truncated length is sequentially computed. In this manner, a decoder performs computation of I&bgr; within the truncated length and computation of I&bgr; retrogressive by not less than the truncated length, in parallel processing, as a result of which the computation of I&bgr; per clock is the number of states x2. This apparatus and method thereby reduces the volume of computation and expedites the decoding.

Abstract: The present invention provides aqueous dispersion slurry of inorganic particles which is so stable as not to increase in viscosity, gel or sediment even if stored for a long time and therefore can be used as raw materials for, for example, cosmetics, paint, coating materials and lapping slurry for semiconductor wafers, and production method of such aqueous dispersion slurry. The aqueous dispersion slurry according to the present invention has the number of particles whose a particle diameter of 1.3 .mu.m or more is 180,000 or less per mL in terms of 30 wt % in concentration, and the average particle diameter thereof is in a range of 0.05-0.9 .mu.m. The number of particles having aparticle diameter of 1.3 .mu.m or more is counted by using Particle Sensor KS-60, which is a light extinction type sensor for detecting particles, and Particle Counter KL-11, which is a particle counter, both of which made by the same manufacturer, Rion Electro Corp.

Abstract: The present invention provides production methods for aqueous dispersion slurry of inorganic particles which are so stable as not to increase in viscosity, gel or sediment even if stored for a long time and whose average particle diameter is 0.01 to 2 .mu.m. As such production method, 2 production methods are available:A production method (A) having a preliminary dispersion process in which the inorganic particles are added to ad dispersed in an aqueous medium and a main dispersion process in which dispersed slurry out of the preliminary dispersion process are collided with each other under a pressure of 100 to 3,000 kg/cm.sup.2 ; andA production method (B) in which the inorganic particles are added to an aqueous medium within a kneading tank of a kneader in which mixing blades rotate around respective subsidiary spindles and the subsidiary spindles revolves around a spindle and dispersed at a solid concentration of 30 to 70 wt %.

Abstract: An image processing inspection apparatus comprises a TV camera, a plurality of image-processing-use image memories which are provided for a plurality of screen frames, a plurality of display-use image memories which are provided for a plurality of screen frames, a display monitor, a CPU and a switch for selectively connecting for each screen frame one of the image-processing-use image memories with the TV camera and the CPU, and one of the display-use image memories with the TV camera and the display monitor.

Abstract: A process for preparing poly-.alpha.-amino acid particles comprising polymerizing an .alpha.-amino acid-N-carboxy anhydride using a polymerization initiator in an organic solvent in which both the solubility of the .alpha.-amino acid-N-carboxy anhydride and the solubility of the produced poly-.alpha.-amino acid are 0.1 g/100 ml or less at 25.degree. C. Polyamino acid particles having a high molecular weight and a small bulk specific gravity can be manufactured very easily without requiring specific procedures. The polyamino acid particles can be used as a coating material for papers, resins, rubbers, and fibers; particles for cosmetics; particles for diagnostic drugs; fillers for chromatography; and an encapsulating material for drugs, fertilizers, and perfumes.

Abstract: A semi-paste oral preparation comprises, as effective ingredients, at least 0.1 to 20% by weight of povidone-iodine based on the total weight of the preparation, and 0 to 50 parts by weight of potassium iodide and 1 to 300 parts by weight of a sugar alcohol of an oligosaccharide as a base and stabilizer, the parts by weight being based on one part by weight of the povidone-iodine. This semi-paste oral preparation has a modest viscosity, good taste and good stability upon storage for a long time.

Abstract: Novel magnetic polymer particles which resists precipitation in an aqueous medium. The novel magnetic polymer particles can be widely used as carriers for diagnostics and immobilized enzymes, carriers for bacterial isolation, carriers for cell segregation, carriers for isolation and purification of ribonucleic acids and proteins, carriers for drug deliveries, and are usable as material for magnetic toners, magnetic inks, and magnetic coatings. The process for manufacturing the magnetic polymer particles comprising; dispersing a monomer mixture including a hydrophobic monomer containing more than 50% by weight of (meth)acrylic ester and a superparamagnetic substance in an aqueous medium to prepare an suspension, and polymerizing the monomers.

Abstract: A process for producing modified cross-linked polymer particles which comprises polymerizing 0.01 to 900 parts by weight of (B) a monomer component containing 50% by weight or more of at least one member selected from the group consisting of aromatic monoalkenyl compounds, acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, fluoroalkyl acrylates, fluoroalkyl methacrylates, unsaturated carboxylic acids, conjugated diene compounds, vinyl esters and organosilane compounds in the presence of 100 parts by weight of (A) cross-linked polymer particles obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture comprising 50% by weight or more of at least one cross-linking monomer selected from the group consisting of divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device including a field effect transistor comprising a base area, a source area, a drain area and a gate area provided on a channel forming area via a gate insulating area, the base area portion being sandwiched by the source area and the drain area, there is provided a drain electrode contacting the drain area, a source electrode contacting only the source area and a gate electrode contacting the gate area. Because this arrangement does not incorporate a parasitic diode, it can be used in a system utilizing the back electromotive force of the motor, in which a reverse current blocking diode is not included and a highly efficient driver circuit can be arranged. Further, there is provided a motor driver circuit utilizing such a semiconductor device.

Abstract: A lost data correction circuit has a multiplication unit MLT having one dividing unit DIV performing division based on the Euclidean mutual division method, 4t (t is the number of symbols for which the error can be corrected and 2t is the number of the parity symbols) number of computation units PE and (8t+2) number of registers A and B provided in parallel. In this circuit, as the first stage, the lost data positions U are calculated from the error flags and the syndromes S are calculated from the received code; and then, as the second stage, the lost data position polynomial u and correction syndrome T are simultaneously calculated in .epsilon. steps (.epsilon. is the number of the lost data symbols); as the third stage, the error evaluation polynomial .omega. and error position polynomial .sigma. and the corrected error position polynomial .sigma. thereof are calculated in (2t-.epsilon.) steps; as the fourth stage, the product polynomial U.multidot.

Abstract: A Euclidean mutual division circuit that has (2t+1) calculation units and (2t+3) registers for error correction where t is the number of symbols that can be error-corrected. The division unit and each calculation unit conduct Euclidean mutual divisions of either a normal-connection, a cross-connection, or a shift-connection division as directed by a control unit. The final calculation unit outputs a value to a division unit which divides it by another value, then the result of the division is returned to each of the calculation units. Registers that store the inputs for the Euclidean mutual division method include A-side and B-side registers. A-side registers store the coefficients of polynomials Qi(X) and .lambda.i(X), and B-side registers store those of Ri(X) and .mu.i(X). The Euclidean mutual division circuit has a reduced circuit scale for high-speed operation and for increased throughput.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of cleaning an oil-deposited material, which comprises cleaning a material having oils deposited on the surface thereof with a cleaning agent comprising 25 to 90% by weight of at least one of compounds selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidones, .gamma.-butyrolactone and N,N-dimethylacetamide, and 10 to 75% by weight of water, then eliminating at least a portion of the deposited cleaning agent from said material to be cleaned by a physical means, and then applying water-washing with water, steam or water and steam; an apparatus for cleaning an oil-deposited materialhaving oils deposited on the surface thereof; and a cleaning agent therefor.

Abstract: A mutual division circuit which can reduce a circuit scale thereof considerably and which can also be operated at high speed to thereby increase a throughput considerably. A switching instruction which selects either a normal connection or cross connection is generated on the basis of an initial value previously set by a connection switching judging block (3) and a value stored in a register of a block ((A) 1). In parallel to this operation, divided results and a value output from the preceding stage are stored in respective blocks ((B) 2) and one of a normal connection calculation and a cross connection calculation is carried out in response to the switching instruction. Further, a value output from the final stage of the blocks ((B) 2) is stored in the block ((A) 1), and one of the normal connection calculation and the cross connection calculation is performed in response to the switching instruction.

Abstract: Here is disclosed an IC for controlling the spindle motor of a small hard disk drive unit, characteristic in being provided with a voltage detection circuit for a control circuit driving power source, responsive to the voltage at the connecting terminal of the control circuit driving power source for generating a signal to control the operation of the spindle motor; a voltage detection circuit for a motor driving power source, responsive to the voltage at the connecting terminal of the motor driving power source for controlling the operation of the motor; and further provided with a logic circuit for keeping valid the output signal of the voltage detecting circuit for said motor driving power source from the time the voltage at the motor driving power source terminal rises above a prescribed voltage higher than the upper limit of the prescribed voltage range of the control circuit power source until the time it falls below another prescribed voltage lower than the lower limit of said prescribed voltage range.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of highly crosslinked polymer particles from polymerizable vinyl monomers comprising 15% by weight or more of a crosslinking vinyl monomer. The process comprises: providing an organic solvent, a mixture of organic solvents, or a mixture of at least one organic solvent and water which can dissolve the polymerizable vinyl monomers but cannot dissolve the polymer which is produced by the polymerization of the polymerizable vinyl monomers, the solubility in water of the polymerizable vinyl monomer being not more than 30% by weight, dispersing the polymerizable vinyl monomers into the organic solvent, the mixture of organic solvents, or the mixture of the at least one organic solvent and water, and polymerizing the polymerizable vinyl monomers in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer and a radical polymerization initiator. The crosslinked polymer particles have a comparatively uniform particle size within the particle size range of 0.1-10 .mu.m.

Abstract: A mutual division circuit includes a single mutual division unit or a plurality of cascaded mutual division units for dividing a polynomial including a first input polynomial R.sub.i-1 (X) as a factor by a second input polynomial Q.sub.i-1 (X), thereby to determine a quotient and a remainder R.sub.i (X), determining an overall quotient .lambda..sub.i (X) from the quotient and a third input polynomial .lambda..sub.i-1 (X), and producing the remainder R.sub.i (X), the first input polynomial R.sub.i-1 (X) or the second input polynomial Q.sub.i-1 (X), and the overall quotient .lambda..sub.i (X) as a first output polynomial R.sub.i (X), a second output polynomial Q.sub.i (X), and a third output polynomial .lambda..sub.i (X), respectively.

Abstract: A switching power supply which detects a power failure within a short period and maintains the DC output voltage (V.sub.O) for a long time. The switching power supply comprises a first voltage control means which controls a switching means (2) by means of a pulse width modulation means (9) which responds to a first voltage comparator means (8) which compares the DC output voltage (V.sub.O) and a reference voltage (V.sub.R); a second voltage control means having a pulse width modulation means working voltage range expansion means (12) which responds to a second voltage comparator means (11) which compares the DC output voltage (V.sub.O) and a second reference voltage (V.sub.RR); wherein further provision is made of a second switching means (16) for connecting a precharged second capacitor (15) in parallel to the first capacitor (1), in response to the second signal successively outputted by the second voltage comparator means (11) in a short period.