Abstract: A network monitoring method and system reduces a load to a monitoring network without deteriorating accuracy of detecting a malfunction. A plurality of network constituent elements that constitute a communication network are connected to an operation system through a monitoring network. A health check for detecting a malfunction is periodically performed between a group of the network constituent elements positioned closed to each other within the communication network at a short monitoring period. A health check of malfunction detection on all of the network constituent elements is performed by the operation system at a long monitoring period longer than the short monitoring period.

Abstract: There are provided an aluminum electrolytic capacitor comprising an anode, a cathode comprising aluminum and an electrolytic solution containing an onium salt of fluorine-containing anion, wherein the electrolytic solution has a water concentration of 1% by weight or less, or wherein the cathode has a peak top of Al2p spectrum of 74.0 to 75.8 eV as measured by a method in which the surface of the cathode in the aluminum electrolytic capacitor heated at 125° C. for 50 hours is analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); an electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor comprising a quaternary cyclic amidinium tetrafluoroaluminate and a solvent and containing specific impurity compounds in a total amount of 0.6% by weight or less, and an electrolytic capacitor using the electrolytic solution; and a method for preparing an organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate which is advantageously m used in an aluminum electrolytic capacitor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surface-modified resist pattern which contains a resist pattern having low etch resistance by itself but having a modified and etch-resistant surface and is suitable for fine and high-definition patterning, and a method for efficiently forming the same. The method forms a surface-modified resist pattern having an etch-resistant surface by selectively depositing an organic compound on a resist pattern. The deposition is preferably carried out by using plasma of a gas. The method preferably includes arranging the organic compound so as to face the resist pattern, the organic compound having been deposited on a base material, and depositing the organic compound onto the resist pattern. The plasma of the gas is preferably introduced from an opposite side of the base material to the organic compound deposited thereon.

Abstract: An electrical double-layer capacitor showing a sleight increase of resistance when used under continuous application of high voltage and maintaining high energy residual ratio after standing for a long time includes an electrode element including a pair of electrodes disposed opposite to each other with a separator interposed therebetween, and is impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution prepared by dissolving quaternary ammonium salts into cyclic carbonates and containing impurities of 30 ppm or less of glycols, 30 ppm or less of primary alcohols and less than 20 ppm of tertiary amines. The water content may be 50 ppm or less. The quaternary ammonium salt may be triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate. The cyclic carbonate may be propylene carbonate. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution may have a concentration of 0.1 to 2.5 mol/liter. The electrode may be a polarizable electrode composed of activated carbon.

Abstract: There is provided an electrical double-layer capacitor that shows only a small increase of resistance even when used under continuous application of high voltage, and has a high energy residual ratio after it is left standing for a long period of time. It includes an electrode element 3 which consists of a pair of electrodes 5 and 5 disposed opposite to each other with a separator 6 interposed therebetween and is impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution is prepared by dissolving quaternary ammonium salts into cyclic carbonates. The impurities contained in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution impregnated into the electrode element 3 comprise 30 ppm or less of glycols, 30 ppm or less of primary alcohols and less than 20 ppm of tertiary amines, and the water content is 50 ppm or less. The quaternary ammonium salt is triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate. The cyclic carbonate is propylene carbonate. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution has a concentration of 0.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a magnetic head includes a process for forming a lift-off mask pattern on a magnetoresistance effect element, such that the upper part of the lift-off mask pattern is larger in size than the lower part, a process for forming a couple of electrodes on the magnetoresistance effect element using the lift-off mask pattern as a mask, and a process for removing the lift-off mask pattern. The process for forming the lift-off mask pattern is performed according to a dry etching process.

Abstract: An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor which is high in electrolytic conductivity, excellent in heat stability and high in withstand voltage. An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor comprising a tetrafluoroaluminate ion; and an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor containing a salt and a solvent, characterized in that electrolytic conductivity X (mS·cm−1) at 25° C. and withstand voltage Y (V) of a capacitor satisfy the relationships of formulae (I): Y≧−7.5X+150, and X≧4, Y>0.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor, which is advantageous not only in that both electric conductivity and withstand voltage property are high, but also in that thermal stability is excellent, and an electrolytic capacitor using the electrolyte. Specifically, the present invention provides an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor, comprising a solvent, at least one quaternary amidinium salt selected from the group consisting of a quaternary amidinium salt of a hydroxy-substituted aromatic monocarboxylic acid and a quaternary amidinium salt of phthalic acid, and metal oxide particles, and an electrolytic capacitor using the electrolyte.

Abstract: An interlocking type multi-switch device having plural push-buttons is disclosed wherein external connection terminals can be connected using a single connector and the reduction in switch size can be attained while ensuring a high contact reliability of contact portions. In a housing (1) having plural receptacle portions (1b) is formed a connecting groove (1e) for connecting together the receptacle portions (1b). Plural fixed contacts (3) disposed within the plural receptacle portions (1b) and connecting terminals (4) are integrally fixed to a single wafer (2) and are arranged side by side on one and same plane. The wafer (2) is brought into engagement with the connecting groove (1e) formed in the housing (1), thereby allowing the plural fixed contacts (3) to be disposed within the receptacle portions (1b).

Abstract: A switch device includes a first case and a second case. Stationary contacts are enclosed within the first case that is sealed by a cover. An operating lever configured to actuate a movable contact is partially received by a window hole within the cover. An engaging hook is unitary part of or is coupled to the outside surface of the second case. Stationary terminals project from the stationary contacts. The second case encloses the first case and the cover. The first case and the cover are made of resins having an arc resistance. The second case is made of a thermoplastic resin that is more flexible than the first case.

Abstract: An interlocking type multi-switch device having plural push-buttons is disclosed wherein external connection terminals can be connected using a single connector and the reduction in switch size can be attained while ensuring a high contact reliability of contact portions. In a housing 1 having plural receptacle portions 1b is formed a connecting groove 1e for connecting together the receptacle portions 1b. Plural fixed contacts 3 disposed within the plural receptacle portions 1b and connecting terminals 4 are integrally fixed to a single wafer 2 and are arranged side by side on one and same plane. The wafer 2 is brought into engagement with the connecting groove 1e formed in the housing 1, thereby allowing the plural fixed contacts 3 to be disposed within the receptacle portions 1b.

Abstract: A switch device includes a first case and a second case. Stationary contacts are enclosed within the first case that is sealed by a cover. An operating lever configured to actuate a movable contact is partially received by a window hole within the cover. An engaging hook is unitary part of or is coupled to the outside surface of the second case. Stationary terminals project from the stationary contacts. The second case encloses the first case and the cover. The first case and the cover are made of resins having an arc resistance. The second case is made of a thermoplastic resin that is more flexible than the first case.

Abstract: A video signal processing circuit in which nearly 100% of a largest possible dynamic range can be used, desired contrast is obtained, and desired brightness characteristics are obtained by an increasing in luminance of a screen. The circuit has an RGB amplifier which amplifies three primary color video signals R, G, and B by a predetermined gain and in which the gain is controlled by a gain control signal, A/D converters for converting analog three primary color video signals which are generated from the RGB amplifier into digital signals respectively, inverse gamma correcting circuits for effecting an inverse gamma correction to the three primary color digital video signals respectively, an OR circuit and a peak holding circuit for detecting peak levels of the analog three primary color signals, and a gain control signal generator for generating a gain control signal in accordance with the peak levels.

Abstract: A connecting structure in a switch device with AC inlet is disclosed wherein, when terminals of the switch device are connected together using a thin metallic connecting strip, there is no fear of an external force on the terminals causing damage to the connection between the terminals and the connecting strip and resulting in unstable contact, and which, even at different thermal expansion coefficients in a power ON condition, ensures a stably held state of the connecting strip and can afford excellent assemblability and reliability of connection.

Abstract: A connecting structure in a switch device with AC inlets is disclosed wherein, when terminals of the switch device are connected together using a thin metallic connecting strip, there is no fear of an external force being imposed on the terminals and causing damage to the connection between the terminals and the connecting strip, nor is there any fear of unstable contact, and which can keep a terminal holding position of the bracket stable and is superior in assemblability and reliability of connection. The switch device comprises AC inlets having a connecting pin for AC input and an inlet terminal for connection, an AC switch having a connecting-side terminal and an output-side terminal, a metallic connecting strip for electrically connecting the inlet terminal of the AC inlets and the connecting-side terminal of the AC switch with each other, and a bracket with the AC inlets and the AC switch attached thereto.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing an anhydrous magnesium halide solution, comprising a step of distilling water off from an oxygen-containing organic solvent solution of hydrous magnesium halide containing at least calcium as an impurity, to prepare an oxygen-containing organic solvent solution of anhydrous magnesium halide, wherein a potassium compound is added in said step to precipitate calcium and potassium, followed by removing the calcium and potassium. According to this process, an anhydrous magnesium halide solution scarcely containing calcium can be prepared from hydrous magnesium halide containing calcium as an impurity. Also disclosed is a process for preparing a solid titanium catalyst component for olefin polymerization, comprising contacting the anhydrous magnesium halide solution obtained by the above process with a liquid titanium compound to precipitate a solid titanium catalyst component.

Abstract: An N-alkyl-N'-methylimidazolinium salt of an organic acid is prepared in high purity and in high yield by (a) preparing an N-alkyl-N'-methylimidazolinium methyl carbonate in a quaternization reaction by methylating an N-alkylimidazoline with dimethyl carbonate and (b) reacting the resulting N-alkyl-N'-methylimidazolinium methyl carbonate with an organic acid, in an anion exchange reaction, wherein the reaction of each step is conducted in methanol solvent.

Abstract: There are disclosed an electrolyte solution for an electrolytic capacitor containing an organic polar solvent and an ionic solute, and further comprising fine particles of an aluminosilicate represented by the following formula, or metal oxide fine particles covered with said aluminosilicate:MAlO.sub.2 (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.x (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywherein M represents a monovalent cation; x represents a real number of 0 to 25; and y represents a real number of 1 to 200,and an electrolytic capacitor using said electrolyte solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor which comprises a salt of a tertiary dicarboxylic acid represented by the following formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein n represents an integer of 1 to 5, and R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each represents an alkyl group having 4 or less carbon atoms, ##STR2## wherein n has the same meaning as defined above, l and m each represents an integer of 4 or 5, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each represents hydrogen atom, methyl group or ethyl group,and an electrolytic capacitor using the same.

Abstract: A dry toner composition containing titanium dioxide particles, the surfaces of the particles comprising an organic compound having a melting point of from about 40.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C.