Abstract: The invention relates to COOH compounds of formula (I), to a method for their production and to the use thereof as medicaments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a contact arrangement for a vacuum switch tube for low-voltage power switches. The aim of the invention is to reduce the contact force required to control short circuit currents. To this end, a twin-contact contact arrangement is used wherein every contact comprises a plurality of separate individual contacts having a defined spring rate. At least one of the contact bodies (4) is configured as a two-layer spiral contact with a lower layer consisting of a highly elastic material and an upper layer (7) consisting of a highly electroconductive material. A contact coat (9) consisting of a contact material is provided on the upper layer in the outer zone of every contact arm (10).

Abstract: In a vacuum interrupter for circuit breakers, the aim is to reduce the contact pressure force. The contacts of the vacuum interrupter are configured for this purpose such that there is arranged inside an outer contact region, serving the purpose of arc quenching, an inner contact region which includes a plurality of resilient contact tongues arranged next to one another on a divided circle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of testing micro-electrical mechanical mirrors including simultaneously applying a voltage to each of a plurality of such mirrors to tilt each of the plurality to a deflection angle, and simultaneously deflecting a beam from each of the plurality using an interferometer to simultaneously determine an accuracy of the deflection angle of each of the plurality. In addition, a method of manufacturing micro-electrical mechanical mirrors is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical module is disclosed that includes a fiber array having two or more optical fibers formed in a linear array or a two dimensional array and a lens array having two or more lens elements monolithically formed on a first surface of a lens array substrate, wherein each of the two or more lens elements is optically coupled to a corresponding unique fiber in the fiber array. A second surface of the lens array substrate, opposite the first lens array substrate surface is coupled to the fiber array and the first and second lens array substrate surfaces are within less than about thirty arc seconds of parallel to reduce misalignment between the lens elements and their corresponding fibers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fiber optic or other waveguide array for transmitting electromagnetic energy that includes a substrate containing a plurality of substrate rows or layers, and at least one waveguide in each of the substrate layers, each of said waveguides having a waveguide central axis and a waveguide face for exiting the electromagnetic energy. The waveguide face is angled to the waveguide central axis and each of the waveguides are aligned parallel to each other in the substrate layers and at an offset angle to the substrate such that the electromagnetic energy exiting from each of the waveguide faces is substantially parallel to each other and substantially normal to the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical switch, a method of use thereof, and an optical communications system including the same. The optical switch may include a first substrate having an input mirror located thereon and a second substrate having an output mirror located thereon, wherein the second substrate is substantially parallel with the first substrate. In an advantageous embodiment, the optical switch may further include a retro-reflector located adjacent the first and second substrates and configured to redirect radiation from the input mirror to the output mirror.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical switch, a method of manufacture therefor and an optical communications system including the same. The optical switch may include a mirror and a retro-reflector optically alignable with the mirror. In one advantageous embodiment, the retro-reflector is positioned with respect to the mirror such that it redirects radiation reflecting off the mirror at a given angle back to the mirror at the given angle.

Abstract: A pipe connection has a connecting member (1). The connecting member (1) has a first end face (4), a first conical bore (5), starting to taper from the latter, which defines a first cone angle (11). The connecting member also includes an axial bore length (9) followed by a bore (6). The outside of the connecting member (1) has a threaded portion (3). A nut (13) has a second conical bore (15) tapered in the direction opposite to the direction of the first conical bore (5). The second conical bore defines a second cone angle (16). A through-bore (17) is in the nut (13). A pipe (18) has a pipe projection (19) which extends into the bore (6) of the connecting member (1). A connecting portion (21) is on the pipe (18). A first conical tensioning face (22) which cooperates with the first conical bore (5) is on the connecting portion (21).

Abstract: The invention is an optical device such as a switch which includes a first module with a first housing, and a first array of rotatable mirrors mounted within the housing and adapted to deflect incoming light beams to a plurality of output locations. The switch also includes a second module with a second housing, and a second array of rotatable mirrors mounted within the second housing and adapted to deflect incoming light beams to a plurality of output locations. The modules are positioned so that at least one incoming beam in the first module directed to the first array can be deflected to an array of the second module.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of optically active amino acids and amino acid derivatives of the general formula (I), wherein *, X and R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 have the meaning given in the description. Starting from commercially obtainable (-)-menthol or (+)-menthol, the enantiomerically pure compounds of the formula (I) are obtained in high yields. The method is particularly suitable for the preparation of sterically demanding amino acids and amino acid derivatives.

Abstract: A routing procedure is provided to operate in conjunction with a CCS7 telecommunication network that has been upgraded to accommodate messages having signalling link selection (SLS) field that has been expanded from a length of 5 bits to a length of 8 bits. Messages containing an SLS field with a length of 5 bits that are received at upgraded nodes in such a network are converted to 8 bits so as to take advantage of the increased traffic capacity and improved load sharing characteristics offered by upgraded nodes. The Origination Point Code field, and the Destination Point Code (DPC) field in the routing label of a message, as well as the link identification number of the incoming signalling link carrying the message are used to generate an 8 bit SLS code that maintains message sequencing and is uniformly distributed among available SLS codes.

Abstract: A device for protection against overload of the switching contacts (22, 23) of a switching device (6) has an energy transducer (5) which is arranged near the switch contacts (22, 23) and is exposed to electromagnetic radiation emanating from an electric arc occurring at the switch contacts (22, 23). If the switch contacts (22, 23) are separated electrodynamically due to an overload, the energy transducer causes the circuit to be shut down by tripping solenoid (1) of a power circuit-breaker (6), for example.

Abstract: A vehicle tire having a profiled tread on the periphery of which are arranged pitches of at least two different lengths. In an axial direction, the tread is divided into several parts, with the successive pitch length in a given axial part forming a pitch sequence. To further reduce radial force fluctuations that induce vibrations by the transmission of noise into wheel suspension and body parts, the phase offset between the pitch sequences of the various tread parts is dimensioned such that the distance between the absolute extremes of the summation of weighted representations of a given function is minimal or at most 25% greater than this minimum. Each of the tread parts have associated therewith a function that is the successive plotting of successive pitch lengths of the pertaining tread part on the abscissa while marking off the respective pitch length, starting from the abscissa, onto the ordinate.

Abstract: A child safe cutter for use by children in carving pulpy round fruits such as pumpkins. The cutter is capable of clearing particulate from a cut being formed in the fruit to prevent jamming and sticking of said cutter caused by the compression of the pulp about the blade. The cutter includes a handle for gripping and an elongated blade mounted thereon. The blade extends away from the handle to define a tip and has at least one edge, and two opposing sides defining a thickness. The blade has a trough of gradually increasing width and depth formed along at least one of its two opposing sides to facilitate the removal of pulp and particulate matter so the blade may move freely in the fruit when cutting. The tip has a hook formed thereon extending from an edge of the blade and curving toward the blade's centerline. A plurality of cutting teeth are positioned transversely along at least a portion of the one or more edges of the blade in an area between the handle and the tip.

Abstract: A multi-pole vacuum switch has an insulation assembly for each pole, which is composed of shell-like insulating elements. In addition to a space provided for receiving the vacuum interrupter, chambers are formed by wall sections, which are provided for receiving mechanical and electrical components of a pole unit. In particular, these electrical components are a loop-shaped, flexible strip conductor, a lever arrangement, contact springs and current transformers. Tensioning bolts which penetrate all the pole units connect the pole units to a pole block. The invention is suitable for use in vacuum power switches, in particular for low operating voltages.

Abstract: A warhead which may be integrated, for example, in a bazooka, is capable of shooting through a wall protecting an enemy. For that purpose, a tandem charge includes a hollow charge which produces in the wall a firing passage for a follow-up charge. The follow-up charge is in the form of a fragmentation projectile which produces fragments behind the wall.

Abstract: A mold component for forming a member consisting of a nondevelopable surface, such a member being an airfoil such as a wing or the like, is provided with an interior cavity in the shape of a developable surface which approximates the nondevelopable surface. In forming the mold cavity, points of equal tangential inclination on the non-developable surface are joined by straight lines and then the areas between the straight lines are formed as flat planar surfaces, thereby to form a developable surface which is an approximation of the nondevelopable surface. A flat planar development is then formed from this developable surface and bends are made therein at the straight lines in order to form thereby the mold cavity. A substantial number of said bends extend non-parallel to each other and none of the bends intersect.

Abstract: A helicopter rotor with foldable blades has, in the hub and blade roots, holes for mounting the blade roots to the rotor hub with connecting bolts passing through these holes in the operating position of the blades. Additionally, at least one blade of two blades and the hub have aligned holes for holding the respective foldable blade in a folded position, whereby one of the regular connecting bolts passes through the aligned holes, which are located as close as possible to the pivoting point connecting a pitch angle control rod to a pitch angle control sleeve.