Patents by Inventor Michael Nix
Michael Nix has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 8039259Abstract: A buffer solution for suspending animal or human cells and for dissolving biologically active molecules in order to introduce the biologically active molecules into the cells using electric current. The buffer solution includes at least one of sodium succinate, mannitol and sodium lactobionate. The buffer solution has a buffer capacity of at least 20 mmol*l?1*pH?1 at a change in the from pH 7 to pH 8 and at a temperature of 25° C., and an ionic strength of at least 200 mmol * l?1.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 2007Date of Patent: October 18, 2011Assignee: Lonza Cologne GmbHInventors: Gudula Riemen, Elke Lorbach, Juliana Helfrich, Gregor Siebenkotten, Herbert Mueller-Hartmann, Kirsten Rothmann-Cosic, Corinna Thiel, Meike Weigel, Heike Wessendorf, Helmut Brosterhus, Michael Nix
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Patent number: 8003389Abstract: A method for introducing biologically active molecules into animal or human cells using electric current includes suspending the cells and dissolving the biologically active molecules in a buffer solution which has a buffer capacity of at least 20 mmol×l?1×pH?1 and an ionic strength of at least 200 mmol×l?1 at a change in the pH from pH 7 to pH 8 and at a temperature of 25° C. to form a suspension. The method further includes applying an electric voltage to the suspension so as to introduce the biologically active molecules into animal or human cells.Type: GrantFiled: November 9, 2006Date of Patent: August 23, 2011Assignee: Lonza Cologne GmbHInventors: Gudula Riemen, Elke Lorbach, Juliana Helfrich, Gregor Siebenkotten, Herbert Mueller-Hartmann, Kirsten Rothmann-Cosic, Corinna Thiel, Meike Weigel, Heike Wessendorf, Helmut Brosterhus, Michael Nix
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Publication number: 20110187569Abstract: A 1.5-bit algorithmic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) generates a digital value representative of an input voltage. The ADC implements a series of conversion cycles for a conversion operation. Each conversion cycle has three sub-cycles: a scaling sub-cycle, a first sample sub-cycle, and a second sample sub-cycle. In the scaling sub-cycle, the residual voltage from the previous conversion cycle is doubled to generate a first voltage. In the first sample sub-cycle, a first bit of a corresponding bit pair is determined based on the polarity of the first voltage. The first voltage is either increased or decreased by a reference voltage based on the polarity of the first voltage to generate a second voltage. In the second sample sub-cycle, a second bit of the corresponding bit pair is determined based on the polarity of the second voltage.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 1, 2010Publication date: August 4, 2011Applicant: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.Inventors: Ahmed Abdell-Ra'oof Younis, Michael A. Nix
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Patent number: 7978118Abstract: A 1.5-bit algorithmic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) generates a digital value representative of an input voltage. The ADC implements a series of conversion cycles for a conversion operation. Each conversion cycle has three sub-cycles: a scaling sub-cycle, a first sample sub-cycle, and a second sample sub-cycle. In the scaling sub-cycle, the residual voltage from the previous conversion cycle is doubled to generate a first voltage. In the first sample sub-cycle, a first bit of a corresponding bit pair is determined based on the polarity of the first voltage. The first voltage is either increased or decreased by a reference voltage based on the polarity of the first voltage to generate a second voltage. In the second sample sub-cycle, a second bit of the corresponding bit pair is determined based on the polarity of the second voltage.Type: GrantFiled: February 1, 2010Date of Patent: July 12, 2011Assignee: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.Inventors: Ahmed Abdell-Ra'oof Younis, Michael A. Nix
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Publication number: 20110117654Abstract: A method for introducing biologically active molecules into animal or human cells using an electric current includes suspending the cells and dissolving the biologically active molecules in a buffer solution including HEPES and at least 10 mmol×1?1 magnesium ions (Mg2+), the buffer solution having a buffer capacity of at least 20 mmol×1?1×pH?1 at a change in the pH from pH 7 to pH 8 and at a temperature of 25° C., and an ionic strength of at least 200 mmol×1?1. An electric voltage is applied to the suspension.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 19, 2011Publication date: May 19, 2011Applicant: LONZA COLOGNE AGInventors: Gudula Riemen, Elke Lorbach, Juliana Helfrich, Gregor Siebenkotten, Herbert Mueller-Hartmann, Kirsten Rothmann-Cosic, Corinna Thiel, Meike Weigel, Heike Wessendorf, Helmut Brosterhaus, Michael Nix
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Patent number: 7924912Abstract: A method and apparatus for advantageously utilizing the reset state of an RTZ shift register to guarantee proper data alignment at the feedback taps to facilitate decision feedback equalization (DFE) in a unified signaling system. An input data stream is sliced into an even data stream and an odd data stream, whereby the sliced data is compared to a programmable threshold depending upon a detection mode. Each bit of the even data stream is propagated through RTZ latches and each bit of the odd data stream is propagated through RTZ latches. At any given instant in time, a correct portion of the RTZ latch outputs contain zero information, so that each latch output may be summed in a current mode without the need for any intervening logic. The input data stream is summed in current mode with the feedback data and converted to voltage prior to sampling the currently received data bit.Type: GrantFiled: November 1, 2006Date of Patent: April 12, 2011Assignee: Xilinx, Inc.Inventors: Shahriar Rokhsaz, Michael A. Nix
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Patent number: 7852161Abstract: An oscillator. The oscillator includes a first ring oscillator having a first plurality of inverters, a first plurality of capacitors each having a first terminal coupled to an output terminal of a corresponding one of the first plurality of inverters, a second ring oscillator having a second plurality of inverters, and a second plurality of capacitors each having a first terminal coupled to an output terminal of a corresponding one of the second plurality of inverters. A second terminal of the first plurality of capacitors is coupled to an output terminal of a corresponding one of the second plurality of inverters. A second terminal of the second plurality of capacitors is coupled to an output terminal of a corresponding one of the first plurality of inverters. The oscillator is configured to provide as an output a differential clock signal.Type: GrantFiled: January 14, 2009Date of Patent: December 14, 2010Assignee: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.Inventors: Michael A. Nix, Saeed Abbasi
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Publication number: 20100176889Abstract: An oscillator. The oscillator includes a first ring oscillator having a first plurality of inverters, a first plurality of capacitors each having a first terminal coupled to an output terminal of a corresponding one of the first plurality of inverters, a second ring oscillator having a second plurality of inverters, and a second plurality of capacitors each having a first terminal coupled to an output terminal of a corresponding one of the second plurality of inverters. A second terminal of the first plurality of capacitors is coupled to an output terminal of a corresponding one of the second plurality of inverters. A second terminal of the second plurality of capacitors is coupled to an output terminal of a corresponding one of the first plurality of inverters. The oscillator is configured to provide as an output a differential clock signal.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 14, 2009Publication date: July 15, 2010Inventors: Michael A. Nix, Saeed Abbasi
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Patent number: 7599431Abstract: A communication system includes a transmitter, a communication channel, and a receiver. The transmitter includes a pre-emphasis module, a summing module, a line driver, and a decision feedback pre-emphasis (DFP) module to produce a pre-emphasized serial stream of data based on a communications channel response and an inter-symbol interference level. The receiver includes a linear equalizer, a summing module, a decision module, and a decision feedback equalization (DFE) module. The linear equalizer produces an equalized serial stream of data. The summing module sums at least one data element of the equalized serial stream of data with DFE data elements to produce equalized data elements. The decision module interprets the equalized data elements to produce interpreted data elements to DFE module, which produces the DFE data elements from the interpreted data elements.Type: GrantFiled: November 24, 2004Date of Patent: October 6, 2009Assignee: Xilinx, Inc.Inventors: Stephen D. Anderson, Michael A. Nix, Brian T. Brunn, Jinghui Lu, David E. Tetzlaff
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Patent number: 7436216Abstract: A method and apparatus for combining an alternating current (AC) coupling technique with a low frequency restoration technique to provide AC coupling with low frequency restoration of the attenuated low frequency content. The low frequency restoration circuit operates to extract low frequency information prior to being high-pass filtered by the AC coupling circuit. The low frequency restoration circuit then buffers the low frequency information through a low frequency restoration amplifier, applies a programmable common mode voltage to the buffered, low frequency information, and then restores the buffered, common mode adjusted, low frequency information to the output of the AC coupling circuit.Type: GrantFiled: June 14, 2006Date of Patent: October 14, 2008Assignee: Xilinx, Inc.Inventors: Brian T. Brunn, Michael A. Nix, Ahmed Younis
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Publication number: 20080145938Abstract: A buffer solution for suspending animal or human cells and for dissolving biologically active molecules in order to introduce the biologically active molecules into the cells using electric current. The buffer solution includes HEPES and at least 10 mmol*1?1 magnesium ions (Mg2+). The buffer solution has a buffer capacity of at least 20 mmol*1?1*pH?1 at a change in the pH from pH 7 to pH 8 and at a temperature of 25° C. The buffer solution also has an ionic strength of at least 200 mmol*1?1.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 31, 2007Publication date: June 19, 2008Applicant: AMAXA AGInventors: Gudula Riemen, Elke Lorbach, Juliana Helfrich, Gregor Siebenkotten, Herbert Muller-Hartmann, Kirsten Rothmann-Cosic, Corinna Thiel, Meike Weigel, Heike Wessendorf, Helmut Brosterbus, Michael Nix
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Patent number: 7376199Abstract: An example embodiment is directed to an arrangement and method for phase-aligning digital data to be sent by transmit-data modules over respectively-situated serial links. A reference clock signal is communicatively coupled to each transmit-data module, each transmit-data module having a data driver and a clock circuit. At the serial links, each respective data driver sends digital data in response to a clock-output signal and a phase-adjusted clock-load signal that is used to load the data driver. The phase of the clock-load signal is adjusted relative to misalignment between the clock-load signal and the reference clock signal so that each data driver loads the digital data in a time-aligned manner for link transmission. The present invention is useful in applications involving programmable logic devices and other skew-susceptible parallel transmission arrangements.Type: GrantFiled: August 31, 2004Date of Patent: May 20, 2008Assignee: Xilinx, Inc.Inventor: Michael A. Nix
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Publication number: 20080113436Abstract: A buffer solution for suspending animal or human cells and for dissolving biologically active molecules in order to introduce said biologically active molecules into the cells using electric current. The buffer solution includes at least one of sodium succinate, mannitol and sodium lactobionate. The buffer solution has a buffer capacity of at least 20 mmol*l?1*pH?1 at a change in the pH from pH 7 to pH 8 and at a temperature of 25° C., and an ionic strength of at least 200 mmol*l?1.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 31, 2007Publication date: May 15, 2008Applicant: amaxa AGInventors: Gudula Riemen, Elke Lorbach, Juliana Helfrich, Gregor Siebenkotten, Herbert Muller-Hartmann, Kirsten Rothmann-Cosic, Corinna Thiel, Meike Weigel, Heike Wessendorf, Helmut Brosterbus, Michael Nix
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Patent number: 7332332Abstract: The invention relates to a buffer solution for suspending animal or human cells and for dissolving biologically active molecules in order to introduce biologically active molecules into cells using an electric current. The inventive buffer solution has a buffering capacity of at least 20 mmol?1×pH?1 and an ionic strength of at least 200 mmol×1?1 during a change to the pH value from pH 7 to pH 8 and at a temperature of 25° C. The use of a buffer solution of this type allows biologically active molecules to be introduced into animal and human cells with a high degree of transfection efficiency and at the same time a low cell mortality. Different cell types, in particular dormant and actively dividing cells of low activity, can be successfully transfected in the buffer solution.Type: GrantFiled: April 23, 2002Date of Patent: February 19, 2008Assignee: Amaxa AGInventors: Gudula Riemen, Elke Lorbach, Juliana Helfrich, Gregor Siebenkotten, Herbert Müller-Hartmann, Kirsten Rothmann, Corinna Thiel, Meike Weigel, Heike Wessendorf, Helmut Brosterbus, Michael Nix
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Patent number: 7265640Abstract: An example embodiment is directed to shifting the common mode voltage of an analog oscillation stage toward a center line between the upper and lower power-supply rails of a first digital circuit. The first digital circuit has a digital input port adapted to respond to signal transitions defined between the supply rails, and the analog oscillation stage generates an oscillating analog signal that has a common-mode voltage that is not centered between the upper and lower power-supply rails. The oscillating analog signal, which drives the digital input port, changes alternately with the phases of the oscillating analog signal. To shift the common mode voltage of an analog oscillation stage toward the center line between the rails, a feedback circuit generates a contending digital signal that drives the digital input port with alternating states as defined by opposite phases.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 2004Date of Patent: September 4, 2007Assignee: Xilinx, Inc.Inventor: Michael A. Nix
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Publication number: 20070110736Abstract: The invention relates to a buffer solution for suspending animal or human cells and for dissolving biologically active molecules in order to introduce said biologically active molecules into the cells using an electric current and to a method for introducing biologically active molecules into animal or human cells using an electric current and a buffer solution. The inventive buffer solution has a buffering capacity of at least 20 mmol*I?1*pH?1 and an ionic strength of at least 200 mmol* I?1 during a change to the pH value from pH 7 to pH 8 and at a temperature of 25 ° C. The use of a buffer solution of this type in the corresponding method allows biologically active molecules to be introduced into animal and human cells with a high degree of transfection efficiency and at the same time a low cell mortality. Different cell types, in particular dormant and actively dividing cells of low activity, can be successfully transfected in said buffer solution.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 9, 2006Publication date: May 17, 2007Inventors: Gudula Riemen, Elke Lorbach, Juliana Helfrich, Gregor Siebenkotten, Herbert Muller-Hartmann, Kirsten Rothmann-Cosic, Corinna Thiel, Meike Weigel, Heike Wessendorf, Helmut Brosterhus, Michael Nix
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Patent number: 7106099Abstract: A decision feedback equalization (“DFE”) technique is suitable for use in a serializer-deserializer (“SERDES”) receiver in an integrated circuit (IC). The IC has a summing node coupled to a return-to-zero (“RTZ”) data latch register. The RTZ data latch register has a first (“even”) series of RTZ data latches and a second (“odd”) series of RTZ data latches. A first even tap is coupled to the first even RTZ data latch and provides a feedback signal to the summing node on a first portion of a local clock cycle. A first odd tap is coupled to the first odd RTZ data latch and provides an odd feedback signal to the summing node on a second portion of the local clock cycle.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 2004Date of Patent: September 12, 2006Assignee: Xilinx, Inc.Inventor: Michael A. Nix
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Patent number: 7091773Abstract: A limiting circuit includes an input transconductance stage, an output transconductance stage, a feedback transconductance stage, first and second resistive loads, and a level limiting circuit. The input transconductance stage is operably coupled to convert an input voltage signal into an input current signal. The first resistive load is operably coupled to convert the input current signal and a feedback current signal into an intermediate output voltage signal. The output transconductance stage is operably coupled to convert the intermediate output voltage signal into an output current signal. The second resistive load is operably coupled to convert the output current signal into an output voltage signal. The feedback transconductance stage is operably coupled to produce the feedback current signal based on the output voltage signal. The level limiting module is operably coupled to limit at least one voltage level of the feedback transconductance stage.Type: GrantFiled: July 28, 2004Date of Patent: August 15, 2006Assignee: Xilinx, Inc.Inventors: Brian T. Brunn, Michael A. Nix
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Patent number: 7084683Abstract: A differential flip-flop (400) has an output stage (402) with first and second input terminals (X1, X2), first and second output terminals (Q, Qb), a first voltage supply terminal (Vss), a first transistor (435) having a first current-handling terminal connected to the first output terminal (Q), a second current-handling terminal connected to the second output terminal (Qb), and a first control terminal connected to a clock signal (C). A second transistor has a third current-handling terminal connected to the first output terminal (Q), a fourth current-handling terminal connected to the voltage supply terminal (Vss), and a second control terminal connected to a first input terminal (X1) of the output stage. A third transistor (440) has a fifth current-handling terminal connected to the first output terminal (Q), a sixth current-handling terminal connected to the voltage supply terminal (Vss), and a third control terminal connected to the second output terminal (Qb).Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 2004Date of Patent: August 1, 2006Assignee: Xilinx, Inc.Inventor: Michael A. Nix
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Patent number: 7058120Abstract: A transceiver includes a receiver section and a transmitter section. The receiver section includes a clocking circuit, a serial-to-parallel module, and compensation. The transmitter section includes a clocking circuit, parallel-to-serial module, and compensation. The compensation within the receiver section and transmitter section compensates for integrated circuit (IC) processing limits and/or integrated circuit (IC) fabrication limits within the clocking circuits, serial-to-parallel module, and parallel-to-serial module that would otherwise limit the speed at which the transceiver could transport data.Type: GrantFiled: January 18, 2002Date of Patent: June 6, 2006Assignee: Xilinx, Inc.Inventors: Jinghui Lu, Shahriar Rokhsaz, Stephen D. Anderson, Michael A. Nix, Ahmed Younis, Michael Ren Kent, Yvette P. Lee, Firas N. Abughazaleh, Brian T. Brunn, Moises E. Robinson, Kazi S. Hossain