Abstract: A coating liquid for forming a low-permittivity silica film, which is capable of forming an insulating film that has a relative permittivity as low as up to 3 and is excellent in adherence to a substrate surface, mechanical properties, chemical resistance such as alkali resistance and also crack resistance, and which is capable of smoothing the irregularities of a substrate surface to a satisfactorily high degree, is provided. Further, a substrate comprising this low-permittivity silica coating film is provided.

Abstract: A coating liquid for forming a transparent conductive coating, comprising fine particles of a composite metal having an average particle size of 1 to 200 nm and a polar solvent. The above composite metal particles are preferably composed of an alloy of a plurality of metals or comprise fine metal particles or the fine alloy particles covered by a metal having a standard hydrogen electrode potential higher than that of the metal or alloy metal. A substrate with transparent conductive coating comprising a transparent conductive fine particle layer including the composite metal particles and a transparent coating disposed on the transparent conductive fine particle layer. A display device comprising a front panel composed of the above substrate with transparent conductive coating, the transparent conductive coating being formed at an outer surface of the front panel.

Abstract: A coating liquid for forming a transparent conductive coating, comprising fine particles of a composite metal having an average particle size of 1 to 200 nm and a polar solvent. The above composite metal particles are preferably composed of an alloy of a plurality of metals or comprise fine metal particles or the fine alloy particles covered by a metal having a standard hydrogen electrode potential higher than that of the metal or alloy metal.A substrate with transparent conductive coating comprising a transparent conductive fine particle layer including the composite metal particles and a transparent coating disposed on the transparent conductive fine particle layer.A display device comprising a front panel composed of the above substrate with transparent conductive coating, the transparent conductive coating being formed at an outer surface of the front panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming on a substrate a particle layer highly adherent to the substrate, which comprises the steps of spreading a dispersion (I) comprising a dispersing medium and, dispersed therein, solid particles being surface treated with a compound acting as a binder on a liquid (II) having a specific gravity higher than that of the dispersing medium, said liquid (II) being immiscible with the dispersing medium, subsequently removing the dispersing medium from the dispersion (I) to thereby arrange the solid particles on the liquid (II) so that a particle layer is formed on the liquid (II) and thereafter transferring the particle layer onto a substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thin film-forming apparatus comprising a coating liquid feed means 6 for feeding a thin film-forming coating liquid onto a surface of a transfer roll 2, a transfer means 4 including the transfer roll 2 a surface of which is coated with the thin film-forming coating liquid fed from the coating liquid feed means to form a transfer thin film 8, and a substrate conveying means 16 for continuously conveying a substrate 9 under the transfer roll, a surface of said substrate 9 to be provided with a thin film, wherein the transfer means is so fabricated that the transfer roll surface having the transfer thin film thereon is closely contacted with the surface of the substrate conveyed by the substrate conveying means, to transfer the transfer thin film formed on the transfer roll surface to the substrate surface. Also disclosed is a thin film-forming method using the thin film-forming apparatus.

Abstract: A coating liquid for forming porous silica coating, comprising a product of reaction between a short fiber silica and a hydrolyzate of an alkoxysilane of the formula X.sub.n Si(OR).sub.4-n or a halogenated silane of the formula X.sub.n SiX'.sub.4-n (in the formula, X represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a vinyl group; R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a vinyl group; X' represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; and n is an integer of 0 to 3). A coated substrate comprising a porous silica coating film formed from the above coating liquid for forming porous silica coating. A short fiber silica having an average diameter (D) of 10 to 30 nm, a length (L) of 30 to 100 nm and an aspect ratio (L/D) of 3 to 10.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin film excellent in slipperiness, wear resistance and transparency contains 0.05 to 0.5 wt. % of specified fine particles of composite oxide comprising silica, alkali metal oxide, and at least one inorganic oxide other than silica, wherein the fine particles satisfies the following expression (I):S .gtoreq.10,000/(Dp*SG) (I)wherein S indicates the specific surface area (m.sup.2 /g) of the fine particles of composite oxide, Dp indicates the average diameter (nm) of the fine particles, and SG indicates the true specific gravity thereof. The film is preferably a polyester film having a hazing value of 5% or less. It is suitable for use as magnetic tape, capacitor, photographic film and pressure-sensitive adhesive tape.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin film excellent in slipperiness, wear resistance and transparency. The film contains 0.005 to 20 wt. % of specified fine particles of composite oxide comprising silica and at least one inorganic oxide other than silica. The film is preferably a polyester film having a hazing value of 5 % or less. It is suitable for use as magnetic tape, capacitor, photographic film and pressure-sensitive adhesive tape. The film is manufactured by adding a silicate of alkali metals, ammonium or organic bases and an alkali-soluble inorganic compound simultaneously to an alkali solution with pH 9 or above, generating fine particles of composite oxide without any control of the pH of this reaction solution, adding the obtaind sol to a thermoplastic resin and/or the reaction system thereof, and processing of a film.

Abstract: An organo-antimony oxide sol capable of affording an electrical conductivity property and a photo-setting coating composition containing such a sol are provided. The particulate colloidal antimony oxide, i.e. a dispersoid in the sol, has a pyrochlore structure and is surface-treated with an organo-silicon compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkylene group; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl group; i is an integer of 1-3; j is an integer of 0-2; and k is an integer of 1-3 equal to i+j.

Abstract: A writing pad having a construction wherein two substrates each having electrodes formed on one of the surfaces are disposed in parallel in such a way that their electrodes face one another with a predetermined gap between them. The gap is defined by insulating dot spacers fixed at regular intervals to at least one of the electrode surfaces. The height G of the dot spacers is smaller than 15 .mu.m, the average center distance L between the adjacent dot spacers is smaller than 100 .mu.m, d>G and 3 d<L<100 d (where d is a diameter of the dot spacers on the electrode surface to which the dot spacers are fixed). According to this writing pad, when characters or graphics are inputted to the input substrate of the writing pad by an input pen, an erroneous input does not occur even when fingers, etc., erroneously come into contact with the input substrate, and the erroneous operation does not occur, either, when the input operation is repeated many times by the input pen.

Abstract: Conductive substrate having on their surface a coating formed from a coating solution for forming a transparent conductive coating prepared by dispersion of dissolving in water and/or organic solvent such conductive particles as having (a) an average particle diameter of not more than 500 .ANG., wherein (b) an amount of particles having a particle diameter of not more than 600 .ANG. is more than 60% by weight, (c) an amount of particles having a particle diameter of not more than 100 .ANG. is more than 5% by weight and (d) an amount of particles having a particle diameter of more than 1000 .ANG.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided coating solutions for forming transparent conductive ceramic coatings, said coating solutions being homogeneous solutions or dispersions of acetylacetonate chelate compound, conductive substances and, if necessary, silicon compound and/or alkoxides of metals other than silicon in mixtures of water and organic solvents, and substrates having thereon transparent conductive ceramic coatings formed from said coating solutions and uses thereof.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided coating solutions for forming transparent conductive ceramic coatings, said coating solutions being homogeneous solutions or dispersions of acetylacetonate chelate compound, conductive substances and, if necessary, silicon compound and/or alkoxides of metals other than silicon in mixtures of water and organic solvents, and substrates having thereon transparent conductive ceramic coatings formed from said coating solutions and uses thereof.

Abstract: Conductive substrate having on their surface a coating formed from a coating solution for forming a transparent conductive coating prepared by dispersion of dissolving in water and/or organic solvent such conductive particles as having (a) an average particle diameter of not more than 500 .ANG., wherein (b) an amount of particles having a particle diameter of not more than 600 .ANG. is more than 60% by weight, (c) an amount of particles having a particle diameter of not more than 100 .ANG. is more than 5% by weight and (d) an amount of particles having a particle diameter of more than 1000 .ANG.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided coating liquids for forming conductive coatings, which comprise (i) a zirconium oxysalt, (ii) a conductive substance and, if necessary, (iii) at least one member selected from non-sedimentary silica dispersion and silicon alkoxide or its derivative. The coating liquids, when coated on substrates, form thereon transparent conductive coatings which are excellent in transparency, scratch resistance, permanence properties and adhesion to the substrates and, moreover, excellent in antistatic effect. In particular, when the coating liquids for forming conductive coatings mentioned above are coated by the spray method on appropriate substrates followed by drying and/or heating, there are obtained face-plates for display devices, which have excellent regular reflection reducing effect (non-glare) and antistatic effect.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided coating liquids for forming conductive coatings, which comprise (i) a zirconium oxysalt, (ii) a conductive substance and, if necessary, (iii) at least one member selected from non-sedimentary silica dispersion and silicon alkoxide or its derivative. The coating liquids, when coated on substrates, form thereon transparent conductive coatings which are excellent in transparency, scratch resistance, permanence properties and adhesion to the substrates and, moreover, excellent in antistatic effect. In particular, when the coating liquids for forming conductive coatings mentioned above are coated by the spray method on appropriate substrates followed by drying and/or heating, there are obtained face plates for display devices, which have excellent regular reflection reducing effect (non-glare) and antistatic effect.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided coating liquids for forming conductive coatings, which comprise (i) a zirconium oxysalt, (ii) a conductive substance and, if necessary, (iii) at least one member selected from non-sedimentary silica dispersion and silicon alkoxide or its derivative. The coating liquids, when coated on substrate, form thereon transparent conductive coatings which are excellent in transparency, scratch resistance, permanence properties and adhesion to the substrates and, moreover, excellent in antistatic effect. In particular, when the coating liquids for forming conductive coatings mentioned above are coated by the spray method on appropriate substrates followed by drying and/or heating, there are obtained face-plates for display devices, which have excellent regular reflection reducing effect (non-glare) and antistatic effect.

Abstract: In the liquid crystal display devices according to the present invention, the spacer used for deciding the cell gap of the display cell comprises spherical particles having a Cv value of not more than 2% and an aggregation ratio of not more than 5%, hence the occurrence of irregular density and irregular color of the displayed images is inhibited and also the formation of cold bubbles in the display cell is inhibited.

Abstract: Transparent conductive coatings excellent in transparency are provided on substrates such as glass, plastics, etc. by the use of conductive coating materials obtained by maintaining aqueous solutions of hydrolyzable tin containing or indium containing compounds at pH of 8-12, and gradually hydrolyzing said compounds in the solutions to form sols containing colloidal particles, followed by drying and calcining.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided coating liquids for forming conductive coatings, which comprise (i) a zirconium oxysalt, (ii) a conductive substance and, if necessary, (iii) at least one member selected from non-sedimentary silica dispersion and silicon alkoxide or its derivative. The coating liquids, when coated on substrates, form thereon transparent conductive coatings which are excellent in transparency, scratch resistance, permanence properties and adhesion to the substrates and, moreover, excellent in antistatic effect. In particular, when the coating liquids for forming conductive coatings mentioned above are coated by the spray method on appropriate substrates followed by drying and/or heating, there are obtained face-plates for display devices, which have excellent regular reflection reducing effect (non-glare) and antistatic effect.