Abstract: The present invention relates to 3-[({1-[(2-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl]cyclopropyl}oxy)methyl]-8,8-dimethyl-3,7-dioxo-2,4,6-trioxa-3?5-phosphanon-1-yl-pivalate maleic acid monosalt, and pharmaceutical composition containing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing clopidogrel 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate or a hydrate thereof, which comprises reacting a clopidogrel-acid addition salt with disodium 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate or its hydrate in water, or a mixture of water and an organic solvent. High quality clopidogrel 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate can be prepared by the inventive method by way of using non-corrosive disodium 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multilevel inverter comprising: a converter unit converting an inputted AC power source to a direct current (DC) power source; a film capacitor rectifying the DC power source converted by the converter unit; an inverter unit converting the rectified DC power source to a three-phase current in response to a pulse width modulation (PWM) control signal and outputting the current; a current detector detecting a current outputted from the inverter unit; a power cell main controller generating a voltage instruction and a voltage instruction using the detected current; and a PWM controller generating the pulse width modulation (PWM) control signal using the voltage instruction and frequency instruction.

Abstract: A navigation system and method for providing turn-by-turn instructions for guiding a user along a route. The navigation system includes a global positioning system (GPS) receiving module for determining position information of the navigation system, a display unit for displaying information to guide a user along a route, a storage unit for storing map information, and a controller for processing the position information and the map information in order to concurrently provide a next turn-by-turn instruction and one or more subsequent turn-by-turn instructions to the user via the display unit.

Abstract: An ADIP (address in pre-groove) signal detection circuit is capable of correctly and quickly detecting discontinuous points in a wobble signal, and has a simple configuration in a wobble detection system of an optical disc device such as a DVD+R/RW, and an ADIP signal detection method thereof. The ADIP signal detection circuit performing the ADIP signal detection method includes one or two window comparators, two edge detection circuits each consisting of an exclusive OR circuit and an AND circuit, and two discontinuous point determination circuits each consisting of a flip-flop and a counter. Therefore, the ADIP signal detection circuit has a simple configuration so that it can be easily implemented. Also, since the ADIP signal detection circuit has a fast operation speed, the ADIP signal detection circuit detects discontinuous points correctly and quickly.

Abstract: A method of controlling recording of an optical disc device and an optical disc device using the method. The optical disc device performs recording of data on a labeled surface of the optical disc. The device includes a buffer memory, a record unit and a controller. The buffer memory stores data and the record unit records data on the labeled surface of the optical disc from the buffer memory. The controller controls the record unit such that when a recording error occurs, the recording is stopped and when the error is corrected, data is recorded from a stopped position.

Abstract: A circuit board (205) for a valve block (120) of a solenoid valve manifold is described. Each valve block (120) contains a valve which is actuated by either one single solenoid or by two solenoids. Both sides (210, 220) of the circuit board (210) are provided with a circuit (212, 222). The first surface (210) of the circuit board (205) carries a single type valve circuit (212) for supplying one single solenoid with electrical energy. This first surface (210) can be mark e.g. with an “S”. The second surface (220) of the circuit board (205) carries a double-type valve circuit (222) for supplying two solenoids with electrical power. This second surface (220) can be marked e.g. with a “D”. The circuit board (205) is positioned in the respective valve block (120) with the first surface (210) or the second surface (220) facing upwards depending on whether a single- or a double-solenoid-valve is used in the respective valve block (120).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing clopidogrel 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate or a hydrate thereof, which comprises reacting a clopidogrel-acid addition salt with disodium 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate or its hydrate in water, or a mixture of water and an organic solvent. High quality clopidogrel 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate can be prepared by the inventive method by way of using non-corrosive disodium 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate.

Abstract: A servo control apparatus in an optical disc device and a method of controlling a servo are provided. When an image is printed on a surface of an optical disc, an irregular reflective surface results.

Abstract: An ADIP (address in pre-groove) signal detection circuit is capable of correctly and quickly detecting discontinuous points in a wobble signal, and has a simple configuration in a wobble detection system of an optical disc device such as a DVD+R/RW, and an ADIP signal detection method thereof. The ADIP signal detection circuit performing the ADIP signal detection method includes one or two window comparators, two edge detection circuits each consisting of an exclusive OR circuit and an AND circuit, and two discontinuous point determination circuits each consisting of a flip-flop and a counter. Therefore, the ADIP signal detection circuit has a simple configuration so that it can be easily implemented. Also, since the ADIP signal detection circuit has a fast operation speed, the ADIP signal detection circuit detects discontinuous points correctly and quickly.

Abstract: An ADIP (address in pre-groove) signal detection circuit is capable of correctly and quickly detecting discontinuous points in a wobble signal, and has a simple configuration in a wobble detection system of an optical disc device such as a DVD+R/RW, and an ADIP signal detection method thereof. The ADIP signal detection circuit performing the ADIP signal detection method includes one or two window comparators, two edge detection circuits each consisting of an exclusive OR circuit and an AND circuit, and two discontinuous point determination circuits each consisting of a flip-flop and a counter. Therefore, the ADIP signal detection circuit has a simple configuration so that it can be easily implemented. Also, since the ADIP signal detection circuit has a fast operation speed, the ADIP signal detection circuit detects discontinuous points correctly and quickly.

Abstract: Azithromycin is prepared in a high yield by a simple process using a crystalline 9-deoxo-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin A hydrate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling an inverter are disclosed to allow an inverter to provide a stable output voltage to a motor regardless of a change in a DC input voltage. A difference value between a reference voltage according to a predetermined rated voltage of a motor and a DC voltage of the inverter is obtained, a ratio of an output command frequency to a predetermined reference frequency is applied to the difference value to obtain a compensation output voltage value, a final compensation output voltage value is obtained by compensating the detected DC input voltage value with the compensation output voltage, and an output voltage of the final compensation output voltage value to the motor by the inverter. Thus, the stable output voltage of the inverter can be provided to the motor regardless of the change in the input voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling an inverter are disclosed to allow an inverter to provide a stable output voltage to a motor regardless of a change in a DC input voltage. A difference value between a reference voltage according to a predetermined rated voltage of a motor and a DC voltage of the inverter is obtained, a ratio of an output command frequency to a predetermined reference frequency is applied to the difference value to obtain a compensation output voltage value, a final compensation output voltage value is obtained by compensating the detected DC input voltage value with the compensation output voltage, and an output voltage of the final compensation output voltage value to the motor by the inverter. Thus, the stable output voltage of the inverter can be provided to the motor regardless of the change in the input voltage.

Abstract: An oven is provided. The oven includes a block sealing a gap between a plate coupling portion and a coupling portion of a counterpart. The oven includes the plate coupling portion for coupling cavity plates to a front plate. The plate coupling portion has a shape formed by bending a front side of the cavity plates to cover the front plate. The oven includes a unit support and a unit fixing portion. The unit support is formed on cavity plates to support a chamber unit, and the unit fixing portion fixes the chamber unit to the cavity plates.

Abstract: An ADIP (address in pre-groove) signal detection circuit is capable of correctly and quickly detecting discontinuous points in a wobble signal, and has a simple configuration in a wobble detection system of an optical disc device such as a DVD+R/RW, and an ADIP signal detection method thereof. The ADIP signal detection circuit performing the ADIP signal detection method includes one or two window comparators, two edge detection circuits each consisting of an exclusive OR circuit and an AND circuit, and two discontinuous point determination circuits each consisting of a flip-flop and a counter. Therefore, the ADIP signal detection circuit has a simple configuration so that it can be easily implemented. Also, since the ADIP signal detection circuit has a fast operation speed, the ADIP signal detection circuit detects discontinuous points correctly and quickly.

Abstract: There are disclosed a crystal of complex of RRF with a detergent, its crystallization method and a method for identifying an inhibitor for RRF by using the three-dimensional structure of RRF analyzed from the crystal. In the present invention, a crystal of RRF complexed with a detergent is obtained in the presence of the detergent, and the three-dimensional structure of RRF is analyzed from the crystal. There are identified an active site forming hydrophobic cleft and binding site of RRF to A-site of ribosome in the three-dimensional structure of RRF. The three-dimensional structure of RRF, specifically, the active site and binding site can allow an inhibitor for RRF to be designed and identified efficiently. RRF is essential for viability in prokaryotes, but is not essential in eukaryotes. From this fact, the inhibitor for RRF can be used as an antibiotic.

Abstract: High purity Form II crystals of clarithromycin can be easily prepared in a high yield by a process comprising the steps of: protecting the 9-oxime hydroxy group of erythromycin A 9-oxime or a salt thereof with a tropyl group and the 2′- and 4″-hydroxy groups with trimethylsilyl groups; reacting 2′,4″-O-bis(trimethylsilyl)erythromycin A 9-O-tropyloxime with a methylating agent; removing the protecting groups and the oxime group of 2′,4″-O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-6-O-methylerythromycin A 9-O-tropyloxime to obtain crude clarithromycin; treating the crude clarithromycin with methanesulfonic acid in a mixture of a water-miscible organic solvent and water to obtain crystalline clarithromycin mesylate trihydrate; and neutralizing the crystalline clarithromycin mesylate trihydrate with aqueous ammonia in a mixture of a water-miscible organic solvent and water.

Abstract: A crystal of E. coli RRF complexed with a detergent is disclosed as well as the three-dimensional structure of the complex as analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The crystallization method and a method for identifying an inhibitor of RRF based on the identified three-dimensional structure is also disclosed. The RRF crystal was obtained in the presence of a detergent, and the three-dimensional structure of RRF was analyzed from this crystal. The active site forming a hydrophobic cleft and the binding site of RRF to the A-site of the ribosome was identified in the three-dimensional structure of RRF. The three-dimensional structure of RRF, and particularly, the active site and binding site can aid in the identification or modeling of an inhibitor for RRF. Because RRF is essential for viability in prokaryotes, but is not essential in eukaryotes the inhibitor can be used as an antibiotic.

Abstract: High purity Form II crystals of clarithromycin can be easily prepared in a high yield by a process comprising the steps of: protecting the 9-oxime hydroxy group of erythromycin A 9-oxime or a salt thereof with a tropyl group and the 2′- and 4″-hydroxy groups with trimethylsilyl groups; reacting 2′,4″-O-bis(trimethylsilyl)erythromycin A 9-O-tropyloxime with a methylating agent; removing the protecting groups and the oxime group of 2′,4″-O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-6-O-methylerythromycin A 9-O-tropyloxime to obtain crude clarithromycin; treating the crude clarithromycin with methanesulfonic acid in a mixture of a water-miscible organic solvent and water to obtain crystalline clarithromycin mesylate trihydrate; and neutralizing the crystalline clarithromycin mesylate trihydrate with aqueous ammonia in a mixture of a water-miscible organic solvent and water.