Abstract: An ignition timing regulating device for use in an internal combustion engine for regulating the ignition timing of the engine depending on the pressure of ambient atmosphere. Based on the fact that the pressure in the intake manifold of the engine is equal to the pressure of ambient atmosphere in the starting stage of the engine, the output of a pressure sensor sensing the intake manifold pressure in the engine is applied to an atmospheric pressure sensing circuit so as to sense the value of atmospheric pressure in the engine starting stage, and the output of this atmospheric pressure sensing circuit is used for correcting the ignition timing of the engine.

Abstract: A spark plug comprises a center electrode fixed to a leg portion which is exposed into the combustion chamber of an engine and comprises a ground electrode which is bent so that its end opposes the forward end of the center electrode whereby discharge is produced between the ground electrode and the center electrode. The ground electrode includes a discharging surface not opposing a first side end portion of the center electrode which is near the bent portion, but opposing a second side end portion of the center electrode which is remote from the bent portion of the ground electrode. The discharging surface of the ground electrode may be provided by forming a projection or groove at the opposing end of the ground electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antibacterial composition comprising a phosphonic acid derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is lower alkanoyl andn is an integer of 2 to 5 or its saltand an antibiotic selected from a B-lactam antibiotic, aminoglycoside antibiotic and their salts.

Abstract: A spark plug for internal combustion engines includes a center electrode, a ground electrode which is bent so that its end portion opposes the forward end face of the center electrode, supporting means for exposing the electrodes into the combustion chamber of an engine, and a cut portion formed on one side of the center electrode end face opposing the ground electrode bend.

Abstract: An ignition timing control system for an internal combustion engine in which an angular position of the internal combustion engine is detected, and on the basis of the signal thus obtained by detection, the ignition timing of the internal combustion engine is determined by calculation in a computing device. A knocking condition is judged by a detection signal produced from a knocking detector of the internal combustion engine, and the ignition timing is corrected by the judgement of knocking. In view of the fact that the knocking occurs only during a certain period of the driving cycle of the internal combustion engine, a knocking condition is judged by comparing a detection signal produced from the knocking detector during the time in the absence of knocking with a detection signal produced during the time in the presence of knocking.

Abstract: This invention relates to an antibacterial composition comprising a phosphonic acid and an antibiotic.

Abstract: Method and apparatus is provided for calculating an optimum ignition timing for an internal combustion engine on the basis of values set in dependence on operating conditions of the engine. With a view to prevent ignition times in two successive cycles from differing remarkably from each other, the ignition time or angle for the current cycle is controlled with reference to the ignition time or angle in the just preceding cycle. As one example of the control, in the case where the ignition time electronically anticipated for the current cycle appears to have deviated from the preceding ignition time by more than a predetermined value, the anticipated ignition time is modified to result in the optimum ignition time by adding to or subtracting from the anticipated ignition time a predetermined value. Alternatively, the optimum ignition time may be given by a mean value of the anticipated ignition time and a plurality of the preceding ignition times.

Abstract: It is discriminated in an ignition timing control system for an internal combustion engine whether the ignition timing arithmetically calculated on the basis of sensed operating conditions of the engine lies within a predetermined range of ignition timing. When the result of discrimination indicates that the calculated ignition timing lies within the predetermined range, ignition occurs at that instant, while when the result of discrimination indicates that the calculated ignition timing does not lie within the predetermined range, the result of calculation is disregarded, and ignition occurs at a predetermined instant.

Abstract: An ignition timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine detects the rotational angle and intake vacuum of the engine to control the ignition timing of the engine in accordance with the computation of computing means on the detected signals, and on the other hand the vibration of the engine is detected to detect the occurrence of knock and thereby to correct the ignition timing in response to the detection of knock.

Abstract: An ignition timing control system is provided with an ignition timing computing unit which determines a maximum acceleration ignition advance .alpha. ACMAX in accordance with an intake pressure difference P and a water temperature T of the engine. When an acceleration is detected by a rapid movement of an acceleration pedal, the maximum acceleration ignition advance is added to the normal ignition advance. Thereafter, the maximum acceleration ignition advance is gradually reduced to zero in accordance with the lapse of time or a change in the engine speed.

Abstract: In normal load operating conditions of the engine, an ignition timing control unit produces an ignition timing signal in accordance with the rotation speed and intake negative pressure of the engine. In transitions, for example, from idling operation to normal load operation, and vice versa, an ignition timing delaying circuit in the ignition timing control unit produces a correction signal by detecting whether or not the throttle valve is fully closed. When the correction signal is produced, the ignition timing control unit produces corrected ignition timing signal so that, in the transient periods of operation, the ignition timing is gradually changed to a predetermined ignition timing.

Abstract: An ignition system for an internal combustion engine comprises knock detecting means for detecting knocking of the engine, and ignition timing control means for controlling the ignition timing of the engine in response to the presence or absence of the knocking condition. The knock detecting means detects the pressure in the cylinders of the engine to detect the occurrence of knocking by the fact that the detected pressure includes a high frequency pressure variation. The ignition timing control means is responsive to the output of the knock detecting means, whereby as long as no knocking is detected the ignition timing is controlled to provide the minimum advance for best torque (MBT) and ensure improved engine power efficiency and fuel consumption, whereas when knocking is detected the ignition timing is retarded in relation to the minimum advance for maximum torque (MBT) to prevent the engine from knocking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antibacterial composition and to a method for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria employing a phosphonic acid derivative and an antibiotic.

Abstract: A pretreatment of cold-rolled steel sheet for annealing so as to suppress graphite formation on the surface thereof and nitrogenization during the annealing for recrystallization, by causing an effective amount of sulfur, aluminum, tin, arsenic, lead, antimony, bismuth, selenium, and/or tellurium to exist on the steel sheet surface.

Abstract: The angle through which the crankshaft of an engine rotates within any given time is proportional to the rotational speed of the engine. Consequently, where the ignition system is of the type in which the integrated value of an integrator circuit or the count value of a counter circuit is varied so as to control the spark advance, if the rate of increase or decrease of the integrated value or the count value within a portion of the increasing or decreasing time is made different from that within the remaining portion of the time, the integrated value or the count value is directly affected by the engine rotational speed. In other words, the spark advance is directly controlled by the factor of the engine rotational speed, thus ensuring satisfactory response characteristic and accuracy for the ignition system.

Abstract: An antibacterial composition, and a method for treating infectious diseases by application of the same to animals, comprising a phosphoric acid derivative of the formula ##STR1## where R is lower alkanoyl, and one of nocardicin A, ampicillin, ticarcillin, or cefazolin, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The combination exhibits synergistic antibacterial activity.

Abstract: In an electronic ignition timing adjusting system for an internal combustion engine wherein in response to two particular angular positions of the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine a capacitor is charged and discharged so that the time of termination of the discharging of the capacitor is selected as the desired ignition timing of the engine, when the amount of charge on the capacitor is greater than a predetermined value, the charge and discharge currents of the capacitor are reduced as compared with those under other conditions. The capacitor is prevented from being saturated at low engine speeds, thereby accomplishing stable adjustment of the ignition timing throughout the range of low and high rotational speeds of the engine with a high degree of accuracy.

Abstract: An ignition system for internal combustion engines wherein an ignition timing computer circuit starts the computation of an ignition timing in response to the detection of a predetermined angular position of the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine by an angular position detector, and an ignition device ignites the engine according to the computed ignition timing. A pressure detector detects variations of the pressure in the cylinders caused by the ignition of the engine and a retard-advance detector determines whether the angular position of the engine crankshaft corresponding to the maximum cylinder pressure agrees with the desired angular position. This retard-advance detector compensates the computation of ignition timing in the ignition timing computer circuit in accordance with its determination.

Abstract: An electronic ignition timing control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of computing circuits each thereof including a capacitor. The capacitor of each computing circuit is charged and discharged in accordance with at least one operating parameter of the engine so as to compute an individual spark advance angle and the ignition timing of the engine is controlled in accordance with the sum of the computed outputs of the computing circuits.

Abstract: A dwell time control system for an internal combustion engine which controls the dwell time in response to the operating conditions of the engine in accordance with the charging and discharging of at least one capacitor.First and second crankshaft angular positions are predetermined such that the former is in an advance position than the latter with respect to the crankshaft rotation. A capacitor starts charging at the second crankshaft angular position and stops charging at the ignition time at which the flow of current in the primary winding of the ignition coil is switched off. The charge of the capacitor is maintained until the next first crankshaft angular position following this ignition time. At the next first crankshaft angular position the capacitor starts to discharge and the flow of current is restarted in the primary winding upon completion of the discharging of the capacitor.