Abstract: In order to suppress variation in delivery amounts in dispensing a material for forming electron emitting portions, a substantially homogeneous material is dispensed from a plurality of output portions to each of plural objective portions. This averages amounts of the material dispensed to the respective objective portions even if there is variation in delivery amounts of material from the respective output portions.

Abstract: In a method for producing an electron source substrate having a matrix of electron emitting elements formed by dispensing droplets of a solution containing a material for conductive thin film between each pair of element electrodes arranged in a matrix pattern on substrate, by use of an ink jet device, the ink jet device is the one having plural nozzles, delivery amounts of the respective nozzles are detected, the delivery amounts of the respective nozzles are adjusted based on the detection results, and thereafter dispensing of the droplets is carried out, during the dispensing of droplets, the substrate is moved relative to the ink jet device, and the droplets are dispensed from the plural nozzles to areas between each pair of element electrodes in plural rows or columns simultaneously and in parallel. An image forming apparatus is produced by placing at least a face plate equipped with fluorescent substance opposite the electron source substrate produced by the above method.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, according to the present invention, includes a first substrate whereon are provided a functional element and electric wiring that is connected to the functional element, and a second substrate whereon is an area where an image is to be formed, and wherein, with the first substrate and the second substrate being located opposite to each other, space between the first substrate and the second substrate is kept in a pressure-reduced state so as to form an image in the area on the second substrate, and wherein the electric wiring is formed of a laminated conductive material by a process that plates a printed pattern, which is initially deposited by a printing process.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, according to the present invention, comprises a first substrate whereon are provided a functional element and electric wiring that is connected to the functional element, and a second substrate whereon is an area where an image is to be formed, and wherein, with the first substrate and the second substrate being located opposite to each other, space between the first substrate and the second substrate is kept in a pressure-reduced state so as to form an image in the area on the second substrate, and wherein the electric wiring is formed of a laminated conductive material by a process that plates a printed pattern, which is initially deposited by a printing process.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device having an electroconductive film including an electron-emitting region arranged between a pair of device electrodes is manufactured. The electroconductive film is formed by applying a liquid containing the material of the film to a substrate by using an ink-jet method, then drying and heating the applied liquid. Defective conditions, if any, in the applied liquid or the precursor film formed by drying the liquid or the electroconductive film formed by heating the precursor film are detected and remedied by applying the same liquid again to the area detected for a defective condition. The detection and remedy of any defective condition may be conducted after the liquid-applying, drying or baking step.

Abstract: A method of producing an electron-emitting device includes the steps of forming a pair of electrodes and an electrically-conductive thin film on a substrate in such a manner that the pair of electrodes are in contact with the electrically-conductive thin film and forming an electron emission region using the electrically-conductive thin film, wherein a solution containing a metal element is supplied in a droplet form, such as by an inkjet system, onto the substrate thereby forming the electrically-conductive thin film.

Abstract: An electron source comprises a substrate, at least one row-directional wire, at least one column-directional wire intersecting the row-directional wire, at least one insulation layer arranged at the intersection of the at least one row-directional wire and the column-directional wire, and at least one conductive film having an electron-emitting region also arranged at the intersection. The insulation layer is arranged between the row-directional wire and the column-directional wire and the conductive film is connected to both wires.

Abstract: An image display apparatus comprises a plurality of electron-emitting devices and an image-forming member for forming an image upon irradiation of electron beams emitted from the electron-emitting devices. The apparatus further comprises a plurality of substrates having the electron-emitting devices arrayed thereon and being arranged side by side, and a deviating unit for deviating the electron beams emitted from the electron-emitting devices arrayed on the substrates. The deviating unit deviates the electron beams toward the boundary between the substrates. When the plurality of substrates are combined with each other to provide the image forming apparatus having a large-sized screen, a display incapable region is prevented from appearing at the boundary between the substrates.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, according to the present invention, comprises a first substrate whereon are provided a functional element and electric wiring that is connected to the functional element, and a second substrate whereon is an area where an image is to be formed, and wherein, with the first substrate and the second substrate being located opposite to each other, space between the first substrate and the second substrate is kept in a pressure-reduced state so as to form an image in the area on the second substrate, and wherein the electric wiring is formed of a laminated conductive material by a process that plates a printed pattern, which is initially deposited by a printing process.

Abstract: An optical device includes a channel or three-dimensional light waveguide for propagating a light wave therethrough and an optical coupler for effecting at least one of branching and combining of the light wave by splitting a wavefront of a field distribution of the light wave. The coupler is produced by forming a portion whose reflection factor is different from the waveguide, extending in a vertical direction of the waveguide. The portion of different reflection factor is formed deep enough in the vertical direction to perform the splitting of the wavefront of the field distribution of the light wave with respect to at least a horizontal or lateral direction, or the portion of different reflection factor is formed at a flat portion of the waveguide.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser array comprising plural semiconductor layers formed on a substrate having a laser active layer. The plural semiconductor layers define first and second end-faces which are for emitting laser light. Plural stripe-like current injection areas are also formed in the plural semiconductor layers. Each two adjacent current injection areas have a respective first distance therebetween at the first end-face, and each two adjacent current injection areas have a respective second distance therebetween at the second end-face,the first distance being greater than the second distance. Plural electrodes are provided for supplying current to the current injection areas. At least one of the electrodes has a stripe-like portion formed corresponding to the current injection areas, and has a pad portion which has a width greater than that of the stripe-like portion. The pad portion is for wire bonding, and is formed in an area other than the current injection areas.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser array includes plural semiconductor laser elements each emitting light from two end faces constituting resonant planes and monolithically formed on a semiconductor substrate, in which the mutual angle of the beams emerging from one end of semiconductor lasers is different from that from the other end and in which the beam angle is selected as a non-zero finite value at least one end.