Abstract: An additive composition for a slurry contains a first salt of polymeric acid including a first polymeric acid having a first weight average molecular weight and a first base material, and a second salt of polymeric acid including a second polymeric acid having a second weight average molecular weight and a second base material. A slurry composition is prepared by mixing the additive composition, a polishing particle composition, and water. When implementing a chemical mechanical polishing using the slurry composition, a favorable polishing selectivity is realized.

Abstract: An additive composition for a slurry contains a first salt of polymeric acid including a first polymeric acid having a first weight average molecular weight and a first base material, and a second salt of polymeric acid including a second polymeric acid having a second weight average molecular weight and a second base material. A slurry composition is prepared by mixing the additive composition, a polishing particle composition, and water. When implementing a chemical mechanical polishing using the slurry composition, a favorable polishing selectivity is realized.

Abstract: A polishing pad, platen, method of monitoring, method of manufacturing, and method of detecting using a pseudo window area, where the pseudo window area has a thickness less than a thickness of a polishing layer and a thickness greater than zero.

Abstract: A pad conditioner may include a surface having a first region including a portion having relatively irregular shaped and friable polishing particles, and a second region including a portion having relatively regular shaped and tough polishing particles. The relatively regular shaped and tough polishing particles may be provided on the edge portion of the surface and the relatively irregular shaped and friable polishing particles may be provided on the center portion of the surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conditioner device for polishing pad and a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) apparatus having the same. The conditioner device of the present invention comprises a rotable support plate including a support plate surface comprising a center area located about the rotational axis of the support plate, a mid area surrounding the center area, and a peripheral area surrounding the mid area, a plurality of conditioning zones located within a portion of the mid area of the support plate surface. A plurality of hard particles which are densely arranged within the conditioning zones and are attached to the support plate surface. A plurality of passages defined by the conditioning zones within which a slurry flows, the passages occupying a portion of the mid area which is not occupied by the conditioning zones, the center area and the peripheral area.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving lamps and a liquid crystal display having the same, wherein the uniformity of luminance among lamps is improved, includes a main transformer unit for supplying a driving voltage to the lamps, and a balance transformer unit for making a lamp current of each of the lamps uniform. The balance transformer unit has a plurality of coils wound on a single body, and the coils have the same turns ratio and share magnetic flux so that a constant uniform current can flow through each of the coils. Accordingly, a lamp current of each of the lamps connected to the respective coils of the balance transformer unit can be maintained to be constant, and thus, the luminance of the lamp can be maintained uniformly.

Abstract: A slurry composition, a method of polishing polysilicon layers using the slurry composition, and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device using the same, wherein the slurry composition includes an abrasive in an amount of about 1 to about 20 percent by weight of the slurry composition, a non-ionic surfactant in an amount of about 0.005 to about 1 percent by weight of the slurry composition, and a solvent having a basic compound.

Abstract: A polishing pad, platen, method of monitoring, method of manufacturing, and method of detecting using a pseudo window area, where the pseudo window area has a thickness less than a thickness of a polishing layer and a thickness greater than zero.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel and a fabrication method thereof are provided. The liquid crystal panel includes: a gate line and a data line crossing each other to define a pixel; a thin film transistor including: a gate electrode connected to the gate line; a semiconductor layer formed on the gate electrode; a source electrode connected to the data line; a drain electrode; a gate insulating layer between the gate electrode and the drain electrode and between the gate line and the drain electrode; and a compensating parasitic capacitor between the gate line and the drain electrode for compensating a parasitic capacitance between the gate electrode and the drain electrode; and a pixel electrode connected to the drain electrode.

Abstract: A polishing pad of a CMP apparatus has a plurality of pores. A characteristic associated with the pores, such as average size or pore density, varies substantially from region to region of the pad across the pad in a diametral direction of the pad. The polishing pad can be designed and manufactured using sample pads whose pore characteristics differ from each other. CMP test processes are performed in which the sample pads are used to polish test wafers, and the rates at which the test wafers are polished are measured and stored in a database. The polishing pad is fabricated using data from the database so that a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus employing the pad will polish wafers with a high degree of uniformity. The database can be used to select sample pads from a stockpile. Sections of the sample pads are cut out, respectively, and fastened to one another.

Abstract: A RF characteristic analyzer for a communications system including an input/output module, coupled to the communications system, a first analyzing circuit coupled to receive and analyze a transmission signal of the communications system through the input/output module, and a second analyzing circuit coupled to receive and analyze a reception signal of the communications system through the input/output module. Also included is an alarm circuit coupled to receive analyzed data from the first and second analyzing circuits, and to provide at least one alarm message according to the analyzed data.

Abstract: A pad conditioner may include a surface having a first region including a portion having relatively irregular shaped and friable polishing particles, and a second region including a portion having relatively regular shaped and tough polishing particles. The relatively regular shaped and tough polishing particles may be provided on the edge portion of the surface and the relatively irregular shaped and friable polishing particles may be provided on the center portion of the surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a counter electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell, and a method of producing the same. In the dye-sensitized solar cell which includes a photoelectrode containing a photosensitive dye molecules, in which the counter electrode is positioned opposite to the photoelectrode, and an electrolytic solution interposed between the photoelectrode and the counter electrode, the counter electrode has an electron transfer layer. The electron transfer layer has a structure in which one or more conductive materials, selected from the group consisting of a conductive polymer, platinum nanoparticles, a carbon compound, inorganic oxide particles, and a conductive polymer blend, are sequentially laminated. In the counter electrode, the electron transfer layer promotes smooth electron transfer through an interface between the electrolyte, containing pairs of redox ions, and counter electrode.

Abstract: A slurry composition includes an acidic aqueous solution and one or both of, an amphoteric surfactant and a glycol compound. Examples of the amphoteric surfactant include a betaine compound and an amino acid compound, and examples of the amino acid compound include lysine, proline and arginine. Examples of the glycol compound include diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: A method of preparing polishing particles by baking unmilled cerium compound in an environment having a temperature in a range between about 400-700° C., and without dropping the temperature in the environment, applying thermal stress to the resultant cerium oxide in-situ by heating the environment to a temperature in a range between about 700-800° C. to obtain cerium oxide particles.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided. The liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal display panel having an upper substrate and a lower substrate, a backlight assembly; a top cover surrounding the liquid crystal display panel, and a pad located on an upper surface of the lower substrate. The pad distributes a force applied by the top cover to the lower substrate, thereby reducing light leakage of the backlight assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for inputting and displaying data for a refrigerator, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for inputting and displaying data for a refrigerator wherein various data can be inputted and displayed in the form of images using a touchscreen. To this end, in the present invention the input and display of the characters are not made in a manner that the characters for forming the data are inputted but made in the form of the images corresponding to the characters. Thus, the input and display of the data can be performed regardless of the languages, and the regions and countries where the refrigerators are used. Accordingly, the present invention has an advantage in that the information on various data can be conveniently obtained without limitations on the function, used time and language for inputting the characters.

Abstract: A channel switching method in a broadcast recorder integrating a set-top box and a hard disk recorder. At the request of the user, channels tuned to by a secondary tuner are switched and other broadcast programs received therethrough are output, while a broadcast program being received through a primary tuner is recorded on a recording medium. If the channel recorded on the medium is identical to the channel to which the user has requested channel switching, a time shift operation is performed to reproduce the stored broadcast program while storing the broadcast program being received through the primary tuner. Accordingly, if the user desires to return to a channel providing a desired program when viewing programs of other channels, the user can easily resume viewing the desired program, without missing any part of the desired program, which has been received while the user views the programs of the other channels.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid state dye-sensitized solar cell employing a composite polymer electrolyte, which includes a photoelectrode, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte interposed between the photoelectrode and counter electrode. The electrolyte includes at least one of a middle molecular substance, a polymer mixture, and inorganic nanoparticles, and a redox derivative. The dye-sensitized solar cell reduces crystallinity of the polymer electrolyte to significantly increase ionic conductivity, and enables the polymer electrolyte to smoothly permeate into a titanium oxide layer to improve mechanical properties, thereby significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. Accordingly, the dye-sensitized solar cell assures high energy conversion efficiency without an electrolyte leak, and thus, it can be stably and practically used for a long time.

Abstract: There is provided a de-interlacing method including: receiving first and third image lines; selecting an upper vector having an N number of pixels among the first image lines, and selecting a lower vector having an N number of pixels among the third image lines; obtaining a weighted value on the basis of a relation between the pixels within the upper vector and a relation between the pixels within the lower vector; selecting an edge direction from the selected upper vector, the selected lower vector, and the obtained weighted value; and interpolating a pixel belonging to a second image line between the first and third image lines on the basis of the selected edge direction.