Abstract: A process of preparing camptothecin derivatives of formula 1 is disclosed

Abstract: A combination lighter and cigar cutter comprising a lighter body adapted to create a flame, and a cigar cutter removably engaged with the lighter body. The cigar cutter is adapted to be disengaged from the lighter body for cutting a cigar. Desirably, the lighter body defines an opening receiving the cigar cutter, and the cigar cutter is threadably engaged with the lighter body. The lighter body may comprise a lighter casing and an engaging member for engaging the cigar cutter and the lighter casing. Desirably, the engaging member is generally hollow and cylindrical and includes a threaded inner wall that defines a through passage and openings on each end, one for receiving the cigar cutter and one for receiving the lighter casing. The threaded inner wall engages complementary threads on the cigar cutter and complementary threads on the lighter casing. The cigar cutter can be disengaged from the lighter body for cutting a cigar and then re-engaged with the lighter body.

Abstract: A fuel assembly spacer grid including swirl deflectors respectively arranged at interconnections between interconnecting longitudinally and laterally-extending straps on upper ends of the interconnecting straps adapted to support fuel elements of a nuclear fuel assembly. Each of the swirl deflectors has four vanes bent to have an air vane shape. By virtue of this configuration, an improvement in the efficiency of the spacer grid cooling the fuel elements. The spacer grid also includes springs each configured to generate not only a main spring force caused by a displacement of the spring occurring when the spring comes into contact with a fuel element placed in a reactor core, but also an additional spring force caused by hydraulic pressure applied to the spring. Each spring, which is in a fixed state at one end thereof, has a free bent portion at the other end.

Abstract: A method of erasing a flash memory in accordance with the present invention comprises: pre-programming to allow all memory cells to have the same threshold voltage; pre-programming verification for verifying whether the pre-programming is successfully executed; erasing memory cells; erasing verification for verifying whether said erasing is successfully executed; recovering over-erased cells, wherein the recovering step is performed under multiple voltages are sequentially applied to the substrate of the over-erased memory cells; and recovery verification for verifying whether the recovery step is successfully executed.

Abstract: A spacer grid with H-springs for use in a nuclear reactor fuel assembly is disclosed. In the spacer grid, two sets of intersectional grid strips are arranged in sets at an angle to each other prior to being encircled by a plurality of perimeter strips, thus forming a plurality of four-walled cells individually placing and supporting an elongated fuel rod therein. A plurality of regularly spaced openings are formed on each of the grid strips and perimeter strips at portions corresponding to the cells. An H-shaped spring is set in each of the openings and has a specifically curved rib capable of being brought into conformal surface contact with a fuel rod placed in each of the cells. The H-shaped spring thus elastically supports the fuel rod. Two positioning dimples are provided on each of the strips at positions above and below each of the openings.

Abstract: A grid with coolant deflecting channels for used in nuclear fuel assemblies is disclosed. In the grid, two sets of intersecting grid strips are arranged in sets at right angles to each other prior to being encircled by four perimeter strips, thus forming a plurality of four-walled cells individually placing and supporting an elongated fuel rod therein. Each of the grid strips is made up of two narrow sheets which are deformed at a plurality of regularly spaced portions to provide nozzle-type coolant deflecting channels. The channels individually have an upright Y-shaped or reversed Y-shaped configuration capable of so deflecting coolant as to mix low temperature coolant with high temperature coolant. The channels thus form a uniform temperature distribution within a fuel assembly. The channels are so inclined with respect to the axes of the fuel rods as to form wide and linear positioning springs at middle portions thereof.

Abstract: Compounds useful as angiogenesis inhibiting agents and processes for their preparation are disclosed. In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention are represented by Formula 1: ##STR1## Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting angiogenesis in a mammal, said composition comprising a compound of Formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Compounds useful as angiogenesis inhibiting agents and processes for their preparation are disclosed. In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention are represented by Formula 1: ##STR1## Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting angiogenesis in a mammal, said composition comprising a compound of Formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A method for maintaining a set temperature of wash water of clothes washer comprises the steps of supplying first cold water into a wash tub, measuring supply time of the first cold water until filling a first target level of the first cold water, measuring temperature of the cold water contained in the wash tub, supplying hot water and second cold water in the wash tub containing the first cold water, measuring supply time of the hot water and the second cold water until filling a second target level of the hot water and the second cold water, measuring temperature of mixed water being comprised of the hot water and the first and second cold water contained in the wash tub, and comparing temperature of the hot water which is calculated on the following four values-supply time of the first cold water, temperature of the first cold water, supply time of the hot water and the second cold water, and temperature of the mixed water with predetermined temperature, and controlling a valve for the cold water and a va

Abstract: The present invention discloses an erasure method which can minimize a flow of current from a drain region into a substrate due to a strong electric field formed between the drain region and the substrate when a flash memory device is erased. The first erasure operation is performed in condition that a voltage of -13V is applied to a control gate and a drain and source regions are grounded, and the second erasure operation is then performed in condition that a voltage of -13V is applied to the control gate, a voltage of 5V is applied to the drain region and the source region is floated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flash EEPROM cell, method of manufacturing the same, and method of programming and reading the same and, more particularly, to a flash EEPROM cell constructed in such a way that two floating gates are formed on top of a channel region to implement a memory cell to, and from, which 4-numeration information can be programmed and read out, and an output of 4-numeration information is obtained depending on the programming or erasing of each of the two floating gates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of detecting the clogging of a filter installed in a washing machine by which a user can recognize the clogging of the filter. The method comprises the steps of detecting a first frequency using a liquid level sensor when a liquid level in an outer tub has reached a first liquid level, of recording a value of the first frequency in a memory section of the microcomputer, of demoting a second frequency using the liquid level sensor when a liquid level in the outer tub has reached a second liquid level which is formed in the outer tub while the washing cycle is being executed, of recording a value of the second frequency in the memory section of the microcomputer, of calculating a value of a third frequency by subtracting the value of the first frequency from the value of the second frequency, and of sending an operating signal to a signal lamp when the value of the third frequency is lower than a predetermined frequency range which is preset in the microcomputer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a threshold voltage verification circuit of a non-volatile memory cell which can automatically verify a threshold voltage of the cell according to the change of electron charge which is injected to a floating gate of the cell in program operation and erasure operation for the cell.