Abstract: An optical filter and a lighting device using the same wherein the suppression of the melatonin secretion by the reception of light in the nighttime is prevented and the color of light is maintained. The optical filter has a mean transmissivity of a light beam in a wavelength range of about 480˜550 nm is about 30% or less. The optical filter is formed by at least molding a transparent resin and a resin composition material containing an orange color series florescent dye material, and, for 100 weight part of the transparent resin, the resin composition material containing about 0.005˜0.2 weight part of the orange color series florescent dye material is molded. This can prevent the suppression of the melatonin secretion in the nighttime. The color of light is maintained desirable. The optical filter may be applied to a lighting apparatus.

Abstract: In a photometry device, photopic vision luminance Lp is measured by a first luminance measuring unit including a first light filter 4 and a first photoelectric converter 5, and scotopic vision luminance Ls is measured by a second luminance measuring unit including a second light filter 6 and a second photoelectric converter 7. A calculation part 8 calculates mesopic vision luminance Lmes based on a measurement value (photopic vision luminance Lp) of the first luminance measuring unit and a ratio of a measurement value (scotopic vision luminance Ls) of the second luminance measuring unit to the measurement value (photopic vision luminance Lp) of the first luminance measuring unit. Consequently, the photometry device can improve measurement accuracy of the brightness (mesopic vision luminance) in mesopic vision.

Abstract: A wake-up system includes an illumination apparatus which irradiated wake-up light, a control apparatus which controls output of the wake-up light irradiated from the illumination apparatus, and an interface apparatus which is operated by a user to input at least a wake-up time, the illumination apparatus includes an output variation apparatus which varies output of the wake-up light to be irradiated, and a color temperature variation apparatus which varies color temperature of the wake-up light, and the control apparatus includes a light output control unit which controls the output variation apparatus so as to increase the output of the wake-up light irradiated from the illumination apparatus from an wake-up operation start time to the wake-up time, and a color temperature control unit which controls the color temperature variation apparatus such that color temperature of the wake-up light in a time period from a first time to the wake-up time, the first time is a time passing a first predetermined time per

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photoconductor, containing: a conductive support; a photosensitive layer provided above the conductive support; and a hardened protective layer provided above the photosensitive layer, wherein the hardened protective layer contains a hardened product of a radical polymerizable compound containing an adamantane skeleton.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer located overlying the conductive substrate, and a hardened protective layer located overlying the photosensitive layer. The hardened protective layer comprises a hardened material of a hardenable composition comprising a radical-polymerizable compound (A) having a charge transport structure and a radical-polymerizable compound (B) having an adamantane skeleton.

Abstract: A corona charger including a corona discharge electrode and a control electrode is provided. A layer including a zeolite, a conductive agent, and a binder resin is formed on a surface of the control electrode.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus containing an electrophotographic photoconductor, a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit and a cleaning unit, wherein the electrophotographic photoconductor contains a support and at least a photosensitive layer disposed on the support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material and a compound expressed by the following Structural Formula (1), and wherein, in the Structural Formula (1), “R1” and “R2” may be identical to each other or different, and represent any one of hydrogen atom, alkyl group which may be substituted, cycloalkyl group which may be substituted and aralkyl group which may be substituted.

Abstract: An image bearing member including an electroconductive substrate, a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer and, a cross-linked type charge transport layer, the cross-linked type charge transport layer having a structure unit deriving from a first component, a second component, and a third component, the first component containing a copolymer having a cyclic structure and/or a structure represented by a Chemical structure 1 as a repeating unit, where Ra represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group and Rb represents a straight-chained saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 34 carbon atoms, the second component containing at least one of a radical polymerizable monomer and a radical polymerizable oligomer without a charge transport structure, and the third component containing one or more kinds of radical polymerizable compounds having a charge transport structure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including an electroconductive substrate; an intermediate layer, located overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer, located overlying the intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer includes a N-alkoxymethylated nylon including a component having a molecular weight not greater than 5,000 in an amount of from 3 to 10% by weight.

Abstract: This invention relates to image bearing member and an image forming apparatus that employs the image bearing member. The image bearing member contains an electroconductive substrate; a charge generation layer; a charge transport layer; a cross-linking surface protective layer, and a monomer having one radical polymerizable functional group with a charge transport structure. The cross-linking surface protective layer is formed by curing a monomer having at least three radical polymerizable functional groups without a charge transport structure. For the image bearing member, the ratio of the layer thickness of the cross linking surface protective layer to the layer thickness of the charge transport layer is from 0.7 to 1.3.

Abstract: A coating liquid including an N-alkoxymethylated nylon and a solvent, wherein the N-alkoxymethylated nylon includes one or more ions in an amount of from 200 to 500 ppm based on a weight of the N-alkoxymethylated nylon or one or more alkylamines in an amount of from 15 to 100 ppm based on a weight of the N-alkoxymethylated nylon. A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a charge blocking layer located overlying the substrate; a moiré preventing layer located overlying the charge blocking layer; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the moiré preventing layer, wherein the charge blocking layer is formed using the coating liquid.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a first light emitter, a second light emitter, and a third light emitter. The first light emitter has a peak wavelength within the range from 600 nm to 660 nm and a wavelength range at half peak intensity wider than the range from 600 nm to 660 nm, the second light emitter has a peak wavelength within the range from 530 nm to 570 nm and a wavelength range at half peak intensity wider than the range from 530 nm to 570 nm, and the third light emitter which a peak wavelength is 420 nm-470 nm in a spectral power distribution thereof.

Abstract: An object is to provide polycrystalline diamond applicable to diverse applications; and a water jet orifice, a stylus for gravure printing, a scriber, a diamond cutting tool, and a scribing wheel that include such polycrystalline diamond. This object is achieved by polycrystalline diamond obtained by converting and sintering non-diamond carbon under an ultrahigh pressure and at a high temperature without addition of a sintering aid or a catalyst, wherein sintered diamond grains constituting the polycrystalline diamond have an average grain diameter of more than 50 nm and less than 2500 nm and a purity of 99% or more, and the diamond has a D90 grain diameter of (average grain diameter+average grain diameter×0.9) or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on an electroconductive substrate, wherein the charge generation layer includes titanylphthalocyanine and a binder resin which is a crosslinked material of a resin comprising a polyvinylbutyral site having the following formula (1) and an isocyanate compound having the following formula (2): wherein R1 and R2 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; k, l, m and n represent composition ratios and k+l is from 0.60 to 0.80, wherein k or l may be 0, m is from 0.02 to 0.03, and n is from 0.20 to 0.40; wherein A represents a substituted or unsubstituted organic group having 2 to 4 valences; and O represents an integer of from 2 to 4.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer located overlying the conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer comprises a specific diamine compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a latent electrostatic image bearing member which includes a support, a charge generating layer, and a charge transporting layer, the charge generating layer and the charge transporting layer being arranged in this order on or above the support, wherein the charge transporting layer comprises at least a charge transporting material and a binder resin and has a thickness of 30 ?m to 50 ?m; and the distribution representing the relation between the absorbance ratio of the charge transporting material and the binder resin measured by infrared spectroscopy and the distance from the surface of the charge transporting layer toward the thickness direction thereof represents a generally linear shape without having inflection points within 20 ?m from the surface of the charge transporting layer toward the thickness thereof.

Abstract: A corona charger including a corona discharge electrode and a control electrode is provided. A layer including a zeolite, a conductive agent, and a binder resin is formed on a surface of the control electrode.

Abstract: An illumination system (1) includes a lighting device (3); a manipulation device (6) for a user to manipulate when the user intends to fall asleep; a control unit (2) for detecting a start time of measuring a sleep latency based on a manipulation time at which the manipulation device is manipulated, the sleep latency being a time period from a time at which the user intends to fall asleep to a time at which the user falls asleep; and a memory unit (14) for storing a reference time obtained based on the start time of measuring the sleep latency detected by the control unit. The control unit includes a lighting device control (15) subunit performing an illumination control to reduce the user's melatonin suppression from a preset timing before the reference time stored in the memory.

Abstract: An image bearing member including an electroconductive substrate, a charge blocking layer disposed overlying the electroconductive substrate, a moire prevention layer disposed overlying the charge blocking layer, and a photosensitive layer disposed overlying the moire prevention layer. The charge blocking layer contains N-alkoxymethylized nylon and optionally at least one of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic tricarboxylic acid. The moire prevention layer contains a titanium oxide having a purity not less than 99.0% and a cross-linking resin.

Abstract: An image forming method, includes: forming a latent electrostatic image on a latent electrostatic image carrier; developing the latent electrostatic image with a toner to thereby form a visible image; transferring the visible image to a recording medium; and fixing the image transferred to the recording medium. The latent electrostatic image carrier includes: a support, a photoconductive layer on the support, and a surface protective layer on the support. The surface protective layer includes a reactant made by cross-linking the following: an electric charge transporting material which comprises a reactive functional group, a cross-linking resin, and a fluorine surfactant. The toner comprises an inorganic fine particle which defines an effective inorganic fine particle amount in a range of 0.8% by mass to 3.