Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes an endless belt, and a pressing member including a base body and an elastic layer formed on the base body. A plurality of pore portions connected to each other are provided in the elastic layer. In a case where a binary image is generated from a three-dimensional image of the elastic layer, a threshold value X ?m corresponding to opening processing with which a number of pores derived from the pore portions takes a maximum value is obtained, and then pores derived from the pore portions in the elastic layer are extracted by performing opening processing with a threshold value of 2X ?m, an average value of angles ? is 120° or larger and smaller than 150°.

Abstract: A system includes circuitry configured to: read a plurality of character information and a plurality of identifiers that are included in a text file; determine whether a character information among the plurality of character information is included between the at least one pair of identifiers among the plurality of identifiers in the text file; and associate the character information with the at least one pair of identifiers when it is determined that the character information is included between the at least one pair of identifiers.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a stainless-steel-made base member includes a first step of forming, from a stainless-steel-made first cup-shaped member held at an inside portion thereof by a holding member, a second cup-shaped member made thinner than the first cup-shaped member by ironing an outside portion of the first cup-shaped member with a ring-shaped member movable in a longitudinal direction of the holding member; a second step of extracting the second cup-shaped member out of the holding member; and a third step of cutting a bottom end portion of the second cup-shaped member with respect to the longitudinal direction. The first cup-shaped member has Vickers hardness of not less than 200 HV0.3/10 or more and not more than 280 HV0.3/10, and the holding member has Vickers hardness which is not less than four times and not more than nine times the Vickers hardness of the first cup-shaped member.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided with: a semiconductor substrate; a first electrode disposed on a surface of the semiconductor device and configured to be soldered to a conductive member; and a second electrode disposed on the surface of the semiconductor device and configured to be wire-bonded to a conductive member. The first electrode includes first, second and third metal layers. The second metal layer is located between the first and third metal layers. A metallic material of the second metal layer is greater in tensile strength than a metallic material of each one of the first metal layer and the third metal layer. The second electrode includes a layer made of a same metallic material as one of the first metal layer and the third metal layer, and does not include any layers made of a same metallic material as the second metal layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided with: a semiconductor substrate; a first electrode disposed on a surface of the semiconductor device and configured to be soldered to a conductive member; and a second electrode disposed on the surface of the semiconductor device and configured to be wire-bonded to a conductive member. The first electrode includes first, second and third metal layers. The second metal layer is located between the first and third metal layers. A metallic material of the second metal layer is greater in tensile strength than a metallic material of each one of the first metal layer and the third metal layer. The second electrode includes a layer made of a same metallic material as one of the first metal layer and the third metal layer, and does not include any layers made of a same metallic material as the second metal layer.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a memory and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to, receive a plurality of pieces of collation information corresponding to respective information items of configuration information representing information apparatus configurations, perform collation processing for collating information acquired from an information system including a plurality of information apparatuses with the plurality of pieces of collation information, and specify pieces of configuration information representing respective configurations of the plurality of information apparatuses based on specific collation information with which the largest number of successes of the collation processing for each type of information item and each model of information apparatus is detected.

Abstract: A system includes circuitry configured to: read a plurality of character information and a plurality of identifiers that are included in a text file; determine whether a character information among the plurality of character information is included between the at least one pair of identifiers among the plurality of identifiers in the text file; and associate the character information with the at least one pair of identifiers when it is determined that the character information is included between the at least one pair of identifiers.

Abstract: An elastic layer includes a needle-shaped filler and a void and has a porosity of 20 vol % or more and 60 vol % or less. The elastic layer contains a first area and a second area. The first area extends from a surface of the elastic layer opposite to a surface facing the mandrel toward the mandrel and has a thickness of 30% of the thickness of the elastic layer. The second area is a central area in a thickness direction of the elastic layer and has a thickness of 40% of the thickness of the elastic layer. The needle-shaped filler in the second area has an orientation degree of 50% or lower. The needle-shaped filler in the first area has an orientation degree higher than that of the needle-shaped filler in the second area.

Abstract: A system includes circuitry configured to: read a plurality of character information and a plurality of identifiers that are included in a text file; determine whether a character information among the plurality of character information is included between the at least one pair of identifiers among the plurality of identifiers in the text file; and associate the character information with the at least one pair of identifiers when it is determined that the character information is included between the at least one pair of identifiers.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member includes a rubber layer having a lightness of 15 or less and including a marked portion formed so as to have a depth of 35 ?m or more and 100 ?m or less, a fluorine-based resin layer having a light transmittance of 60% or more, and an adhesive layer disposed between the rubber layer and the fluorine-based resin layer. The adhesive layer has a lightness of 60 or more and has a thickness of 3 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less in a portion surrounding the marked portion.

Abstract: A heater includes a substrate, a first electrical contact, second electrical contacts, first electrode portions and second electrode portions, heat generating portions, a first electroconductive line portion, and a second electroconductive line portion. The heat generating portions are disposed so as to be offset from a center line of the substrate with respect to a widthwise direction of the substrate.

Abstract: A heater includes a substrate, a first electrical contact, a plurality of second electrical contacts, a plurality of electrode portions including first electrode portions electrically connected with the first electrical contact and second electrode portions electrically connected with the second electrical contacts, the first electrode portions and the second electrode portions being arranged alternately with predetermined gaps in a longitudinal direction of the substrate, and a plurality of heat generating portions provided between adjacent ones of the electrode portions so as to electrically connect between adjacent electrode portion. The heat generating portions are capable of generating heat by the electric power supply between adjacent electrode portions. A part of the second electrical contacts is selectably electrically connectable with the second terminal. The electrode portions are covered with the heat generating portions so as to be positioned between the substrate and the heat generating portions.

Abstract: A heater includes: a substrate; a first electrical contact; second electrical contacts; first and second electrodes; heat generating portions; a first electroconductive line portion electrically connecting the first electrical contact and the first electrode portions; and a second electroconductive line portion electrically connecting one of the second electrical contacts and a part of the second electrode portions. A cross-sectional area of a portion, of the first electroconductive line portion, into which all of currents flowing through the first electrode portions merge when the currents flow from the first electrode portions toward the first electrical contact is larger than a cross-sectional area of a portion, of the second electroconductive line portion, into which all of currents flowing through the part of the second electrode portions merge when the currents flow from the part of the second electrode portions toward the one of second electrical contacts.

Abstract: A heater includes: a substrate; a first electrical contact; a plurality of second electrical contacts; an electroconductive line portion electrically connected with the first electrical contact; a plurality of electrode portions including first electrode portions electrically connected with the first electrical contact through the electroconductive line portion and second electrode portions electrically connected with the second electrical contacts; and a plurality of heat generating portions provided between adjacent ones of the electrode portions. The cross-section of the electroconductive line portion in a side closer to the first electrical contact than the plurality of heat generating portions with respect to the longitudinal direction is larger than the cross-section of a predetermined electrode portion, between adjacent heat generating portions, of the plurality of electrode portions.

Abstract: A storage unit stores load information indicating the load of an information processing apparatus by applying each of a plurality of update programs to each virtual machine. An operation unit obtains the load information from the storage unit, and determines, for each virtual machine, an order of applying the plurality update programs to the virtual machine within a predetermined time period on the basis of the load information and an upper load limit allowable for the information processing apparatus.

Abstract: A fixing member manufacturing method includes: a step of holding a longitudinal end of a resin tube by a first holding tool; a step of holding another longitudinal end of the resin tube by a second holding tool; a step of decreasing a distance between the first and second holding tools each holding the resin tube, by a predetermined amount; a step of expanding, after the decreasing step, the resin tube in a radial direction; and a step of externally fitting the resin tube, expanded in the radial direction, around an elastic material coated with an adhesive.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member includes a rubber layer having a lightness of 15 or less and including a marked portion formed so as to have a depth of 35 ?m or more and 100 ?m or less, a fluorine-based resin layer having a light transmittance of 60% or more, and an adhesive layer disposed between the rubber layer and the fluorine-based resin layer. The adhesive layer has a lightness of 60 or more and has a thickness of 3 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less in a portion surrounding the marked portion.

Abstract: A fixing member includes a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate. The elastic layer comprises a cured product of a silicone rubber composition containing an anatase titanium oxide particle and an addition-curable silicone rubber, and undergoes cohesive failure in 90° peel test specified in JIS K6854-1: 1999. In the fixing member, an allyl group bound to a silicon atom is present at the interface between the substrate and the elastic layer.

Abstract: An endless belt for fixing includes a base layer made of nickel, wherein the base layer includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer provided between the first layer and the second layer, and a toner parting layer provided on the base layer, wherein a content rate of an element for enhancing hardness in the first layer and the second layer is lower than that in the third layer.

Abstract: Provided is a member for electrophotography. The member for electrophotography includes: a substrate; an elastic layer containing a cured silicone rubber having a methyl group bonded to a silicon atom; and a fluorine resin release layer bonded to a surface of the elastic layer by an addition-curing-type silicone rubber adhesive. The elastic layer contains a titanium oxide particle having an anatase-type crystal structure.