Abstract: To realize high performance and low power consumption of a semiconductor device by controlling electric characteristics of a transistor in accordance with a required function. Further, to manufacture such a semiconductor device with high yield and high productivity without complicating a manufacturing process. An impurity element imparting one conductivity type is added to a semiconductor substrate in order to control the threshold voltage of a transistor included in the semiconductor device, before separating a semiconductor layer of the transistor from the semiconductor substrate and transferring the semiconductor layer to a supporting substrate that is a substrate having an insulating surface.

Abstract: A doping method comprising the steps of; obtaining a proportion X of ions of a compound including a donor or an acceptor impurity in total ions from mass spectrum by using a first source gas of a first concentration; analyzing a peak concentration Y of the compound in a first processing object which is doped by using a second source gas of a second concentration equal to or lower than the first concentration, referring to a dose amount of total ions as D0 and setting an acceleration voltage at a value, obtaining a dose amount D1 of total ions from a expression, Y=(D1/D0)(aX+b), and doping a second processing object with the donor or the acceptor impurity by a ion doping apparatus using a third source gas, wherein a dose amount of total ions is set at D1, and an acceleration voltage is set at the value.

Abstract: A information recording medium includes a data area and a system area. In the data area, a user data is recorded. In the system area, management information for managing a recording status of the data area is recorded. The management information recorded in the system area includes recording mode information which indicates a recording procedure of the user data in the data area. By this construction, an information recording medium, a recording method of an information recording medium and an information recording and reproducing medium which are able to appropriately treat an information recording medium having an availability to a plurality of recording mode when being loaded.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrodeposition material for the electrochemical deposition of a corrosion-protective layer of TiO2 on an electrically conductive substrate comprising a titanium compound, a complexing agent, an accelerator, water and optionally organic solvents, buffering agents and one or more additives, characterized in that the titanium compound is titanyl sulfate and/or titanyl oxalate, the complexing agent is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, citrates, tartaric acid, tartrates, lactic acid, lactates, gluconic acid, gluconates, polyhydroxy-polycarbonic acids, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, methylglycinediacetate, iminodisuccinate, nitrilotriacetic acid and nitrilotriacetate, triethanolamine, phosphonic acid and phosphonates, polyaspartic acid and polyaspartates, polyacrylic acid and polyacrylates and the accelerator is selected from the group consisting of H2O2 and organic peroxides.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor chip mounting substrate including a substrate on which a mounting region for mounting a semiconductor chip and a connection region for interlayer connection of the semiconductor chip are formed, and a plurality of alignment marks for alignment at the time of stacking which are provided around or in the connection region on the substrate, wherein a reinforcing member as a reinforcing region for reinforcing a portion between the plurality of alignment marks is provided on the substrate.

Abstract: A stacked structure of semiconductor chips includes plural stacked semiconductor chips and plural tabular holding members which hold the respective semiconductor chips.

Abstract: A positive electrode drive unit enables a positive electrode to be repeatedly rotated about the center of the positive electrode to vary a distance between the positive electrode and an atom emission unit. A control unit receives input data which is set to obtain a desired atom density distribution by displacement of the positive electrode, and the control unit outputs a drive control signal for displacing the positive electrode to the positive electrode drive unit. The positive electrode drive unit is stopped during running by the control unit, or a drive speed of the positive electrode drive unit is changed by the control unit. Therefore, a residence time of each attitude is changed in the positive electrode to vary the atom density per unit time.

Abstract: An input monitoring unit monitors full input light and outputs an input monitor signal. An output monitoring unit monitors full output light and outputs an output monitor signal. An ASE compensating circuit compensates for an ASE component contained in the output monitor signal. A gain-variation-level compensating circuit calculates a target average setup gain that is determined based on a signal intensity of the input monitor signal. A constant gain control circuit performs a gain control based on an output signal from the ASE compensating circuit and the target average setup gain.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the transmitter further includes: an interleaver that rearranges positions of bits of an information frame; an FEC encoder that performs an error correction encoding to the information frame whose bit positions have been rearranged; and a selector that inserts FEC parity into predetermined positions of the information frame, to thereby generate a transmission signal, whereas the receiver includes: a selector that extracts an information frame part and an FEC parity part from a reception signal; an interleaver that rearranges positions of the bits of the information frame part using the same rule as that used at that transmitter side; an FEC decoder that corrects an error of bits rearranged based on the error correction parity part; and a de-interleaver that reproduces an information frame by returning positions of error-corrected bits to original bit positions.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the transmitter further includes: an interleaver that rearranges positions of bits of an information frame; an FEC encoder that performs an error correction encoding to the information frame whose bit positions have been rearranged; and a selector that inserts FEC parity into predetermined positions of the information frame, to thereby generate a transmission signal, whereas the receiver includes: a selector that extracts an information frame part and an FEC parity part from a reception signal; an interleaver that rearranges positions of the bits of the information frame part using the same rule as that used at that transmitter side; an FEC decoder that corrects an error of bits rearranged based on the error correction parity part; and a de-interleaver that reproduces an information frame by returning positions of error-corrected bits to original bit positions.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for surface treatment of substrates whereby the quality of substrates can be maintained by preventing excessive plasma treatment of substrates. In carrying out the plasma treatment on a surface of the substrate in a reaction chamber, there are provided an emission spectroscopic analysis device or a mass analyzer, and a controller, so that the energy of ions in plasma is controlled to decrease when, e.g., bromine included in the substrate is detected, and the surface treatment to the substrate is controlled to stop when the removal of impurities of the substrate is detected to end. The bromine once separated from the substrate is prevented from adhering again to the substrate and corroding the substrate. Moreover, ions are prevented from being excessively irradiated to the substrate when the removal of impurities ends, thereby reducing damage to the substrate.

Abstract: A drawing-information processing apparatus is used for setting drawing information at positions specified through a drawing-information inputting part. An attribute-inputting part is used for setting attribute of the drawing information, and a changing part is used for changing an attribute of the drawing information while the drawing information is input through the drawing-information inputting part.

Abstract: Light signals of first to n-th bands amplified en bloc undergo proper attenuation through an adjustable optical attenuator in conformance with attenuation in an optical fiber connected to input of an optical amplifying repeater apparatus, whereon the light signals are demultiplexed or separated into individual bands and amplified by first to n-th fixed-gain optical amplifiers (#1, . . . , #n) each having a high fixed gain in the respective bands to be subsequently multiplexed by an optical multiplexer and then sent out onto a transmission line. A monitoring light branching device extracts a part of light power of a specific monitoring wavelength, which is then fed to an adjustable attenuator control circuit which controls the attenuation factor of the adjustable optical attenuator so that the light power of the specific wavelength remains constant. The gain of the optical amplifying repeater apparatus at the specific wavelength can thus be determined.

Abstract: A doping method comprising the steps of; obtaining a proportion X of ions of a compound including a donor or an acceptor impurity in total ions from mass spectrum by using a first source gas of a first concentration; analyzing a peak concentration Y of the compound in a first processing object which is doped by using a second source gas of a second concentration equal to or lower than the first concentration, referring to a dose amount of total ions as Do and setting an acceleration voltage at a value, obtaining a dose amount D1 of total ions from a expression, Y=(D1/D0)(aX+b), and doping a second processing object with the donor or the acceptor impurity by a ion doping apparatus using a third source gas, wherein a dose amount of total ions is set at D1, and an acceleration voltage is set at the value.

Abstract: A sheet supply apparatus includes a sheet supply tray for stacking a sheet, and an auxiliary tray movable between a support position where the auxiliary tray supports a portion of the sheet stacked on the sheet supply tray and a storage position where the auxiliary tray overlaps the sheet supply tray. A sheet supply device supplies the sheet stacked on the sheet supply tray. A sheet detection device is mounted on the auxiliary tray for detecting the sheet stacked on the sheet supply tray, and a tray position detection device detects a position of the auxiliary tray between the support position and the storage position. An identifying device identifies a length of the sheet in a sheet supply direction based on detection results of the sheet detection device and the tray detection device.

Abstract: In a board cleaning method for dry cleaning of connection sites on resin-based boards, one or more gases selected from a group consisting of gas that contains hydrogen element and gas that contains fluorine element are supplied at least to the connection sites, plasma is generated in the supplied gas, and the boards are cleaned by radicals and ions that are produced by the generated plasma.

Abstract: There are provided a low pressure plasma processing apparatus and method by which a throughput can be improved, film contamination can be effectively prevented, and a film can be readily managed. A film substrate is carried in from the outside of a plasma processing apparatus main body to a substrate carrying position in the plasma processing apparatus main body, the film substrate positioned at the substrate carrying position is carried into a chamber, a reaction gas is introduced while the chamber is being evacuated, high frequency power is applied under low pressure to generate plasma so that plasma processing is performed to remove organic matter from the film substrate, and the film substrate subjected to plasma processing is taken out from the chamber and positioned at a substrate carrying-out position in the plasma processing apparatus main body and carried out of the plasma processing apparatus main body.

Abstract: Light signals of first to n-th bands amplified en bloc undergo proper attenuation through an adjustable optical attenuator in conformance with attenuation in an optical fiber connected to input of an optical amplifying repeater apparatus, whereon the light signals are demultiplexed or separated into individual bands and amplified by first to n-th fixed-gain optical amplifiers (#1, . . . , #n) each having a high fixed gain in the respective bands to be subsequently multiplexed by an optical multiplexer and then sent out onto a transmission line. A monitoring light branching device extracts a part of light power of a specific monitoring wavelength, which is then fed to an adjustable attenuator control circuit which controls the attenuation factor of the adjustable optical attenuator so that the light power of the specific wavelength remains constant. The gain of the optical amplifying repeater apparatus at the specific wavelength can thus be determined.

Abstract: An endoscope system is provided, including an endoscope having a flexible inserting tube to be inserted into a human body and a plurality of bending sensors distributed over the flexible inserting tube along the longitudinal direction thereof. Each of the bending sensors detects the local bending state of the flexible inserting tube at the location the bending sensor are provided. A computer adapted to receive data on the local bending state from each of the plurality of bending sensors is also provided. The computer generates a graphical image representing the geometrical configuration of the flexible inserting tube from the data on the local bending states. A monitor connected to the computer to display the graphical image generated by the computer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gelled composition comprising a polymer and a solvent, said polymer being obtained by an addition reaction between a linear copolymer having two terminal hydrosilyl groups and a compound having 3 or more ethylenic double bonds, wherein