Abstract: The present embodiment provide a method for evaluating anion permeability of a graphene-containing membrane and also to provide a photoelectric conversion device employing a graphene-containing membrane having controlled anion permeability.

Abstract: The present embodiment provide a method for evaluating anion permeability of a graphene-containing membrane and also to provide a photoelectric conversion device employing a graphene-containing membrane having controlled anion permeability.

Abstract: The embodiment provides a coating process capable of simply and inexpensively producing devices having strip-shaped cells, and a coating apparatus usable for the process. The process comprises: (a) placing a bar coating head almost parallel to the substrate, (b) placing plural coating nozzles for supplying coating solution to meniscus-forming parts, so that the center between each adjacent two of the coating nozzles may correspond to the separation area between each adjacent two of the strip-shaped cell bases, and (c) moving the substrate or the bar coating head while the coating solution is being supplied from the nozzles, to form the coating films.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a coating head includes a coating bar, nozzles, a first member, second members, third members, elastic members, and a position controller. The coating bar faces a coating member. The nozzles supply a liquid toward the coating bar. The first member includes first recesses. A portion of the nozzles is between the first recesses and the third members. The portion of the nozzles and the third members are fixed to the first member by the second members. The elastic members are located in at least first, second, or third positions. The first position is between the third members and the second members. The second position is between the portion of the first recesses and the nozzles. The third position is between the portion of the nozzles and the third members. The position controller controls a relative position between the coating bar and the nozzles.

Abstract: The embodiments provide a process for easily producing an electrode having low resistance, easily subjected to post-process and hardly impairing the device; and also provide, as its application, a production process for a photoelectric conversion device. The process comprises the steps of: coating a hydrophobic substrate directly with a dispersion of metal nanomaterial, to form a metal nanomaterial layer, coating the surface of the metal nanomaterial layer with a dispersion of carbon material, to form a carbon material layer and thereby to form an electrode layer comprising a laminate of the metal nanomaterial layer and the carbon material layer, pressing the carbon material layer onto a hydrophilic substrate so that the surface of the carbon material layer may be directly fixed on the hydrophilic substrate, and peeling away the hydrophobic substrate so as to transfer the electrode layer onto the hydrophilic substrate.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a coating method, a coating bar head and a coating apparatus which enables coating in which changes in coating film thickness is less likely to occur, even when performing meniscus coating at a high speed. This coating method is a coating method including: supplying a coating liquid between a coating bar head and a substrate to form a meniscus; and moving the substrate, wherein a cross section of the coating surface of the bar head in the direction of coating, is a convex curve, and has bending points at both ends of the curve.

Abstract: The embodiment provides a graphene-containing membrane producible by wet-coating and excellent in electric properties, a process for producing the membrane, a graphene-containing membrane laminate, and a photoelectric conversion device using the graphene-containing membrane. The graphene-containing membrane contains graphene having a graphene skeleton combined with polyalkyleneimine chains. The membrane has a ratio of the photoelectron intensity at the energy peak position of C1s orbital to that at the bonding energy on an X-ray photoelectron spectrum measured on an ITO film of 288 eV in a range of 5.5 to 20. This membrane can be produced by heating a graphene oxide-containing film in the presence of polyalkyleneimine and further heating the film in the presence of a reducing agent. The graphene-containing membrane can be so installed in a photoelectric conversion device that it is placed between the photoelectric conversion layer and the electrode.

Abstract: The embodiments provide a method making it possible to safely and inexpensively measure concentrations of combustible gases, such as methanol, at room temperature even in high concentration atmospheres, and also provide a sensor making it possible to carry out the above measurement method.

Abstract: The present embodiment provide a method for evaluating anion permeability of a graphene-containing membrane and also to provide a photoelectric conversion device employing a graphene-containing membrane having controlled anion permeability.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide a transparent electrode having a laminate structure of: a first metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and electroconductivity, a metal layer made of a metallic material containing silver or copper, a second metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and electroconductivity, and a third metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and continuity, stacked in this order.

Abstract: The embodiments provide a process and an apparatus for easily producing a transparent electrode of low resistance and of high transparency. The process comprises: coating a hydrophobic polymer film with a dispersion of metal nanowires, press-bonding an electroconductive substrate directly onto the metal nanowires on the polymer film, and peeling and transferring the metal nanowires from the polymer film onto the conductive substrate. The embodiments also relates to an apparatus for the process.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide a transparent electrode having a laminate structure of: a first metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and electroconductivity, a metal layer made of a metallic material containing silver or copper, a second metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and electroconductivity, and a third metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and continuity, stacked in this order.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide a transparent electrode having a laminate structure of: a first metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and electroconductivity, a metal layer made of a metallic material containing silver or copper, a second metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and electroconductivity, and a third metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and continuity, stacked in this order.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide a transparent electrode having a laminate structure of: a metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and electroconductivity, and a metal nanowire layer; and further comprising an auxiliary metal wiring. The auxiliary metal wiring covers a part of the metal nanowire layer or of the metal oxide layer, and is connected to the metal nanowire layer.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide a transparent electrode having a laminate structure of: a first metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and electroconductivity, a metal layer made of a metallic material containing silver or copper, a second metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and electroconductivity, and a third metal oxide layer having an amorphous structure and continuity, stacked in this order.

Abstract: A near-field exposure mask according to an embodiment includes: a substrate; a concave-convex structure having convexities and concavities and formed on one surface of the substrate; a near-field light generating film arranged at least on a tip portion of each of the convexities, the near-field light generating film being a layer containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Au, Al, Ag, Cu, Cr, Sb, W, Ni, In, Ge, Sn, Pb, Zn, Pd, and C, or a film stack formed with layers made of some of those materials; and a resin filled in each of the concavities.

Abstract: A near-field exposure mask according to an embodiment includes: a substrate; a concave-convex structure having convexities and concavities and formed on one surface of the substrate; a near-field light generating film arranged at least on a tip portion of each of the convexities, the near-field light generating film being a layer containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Au, Al, Ag, Cu, Cr, Sb, W, Ni, In, Ge, Sn, Pb, Zn, Pd, and C, or a film stack formed with layers made of some of those materials; and a resin filled in each of the concavities.

Abstract: A near-field exposure mask according to an embodiment includes: a substrate; a concave-convex structure having convexities and concavities and formed on one surface of the substrate; a near-field light generating film arranged at least on a tip portion of each of the convexities, the near-field light generating film being a layer containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Au, Al, Ag, Cu, Cr, Sb, W, Ni, In, Ge, Sn, Pb, Zn, Pd, and C, or a film stack formed with layers made of some of those materials; and a resin filled in each of the concavities.

Abstract: A near-field exposure mask according to an embodiment includes: a silicon substrate; and a near-field light generating unit that is formed on the silicon substrate, the near-field light generating unit being a layer containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Au, Al, Ag, Cu, Cr, Sb, W, Ni, In, Ge, Sn, Pb, Zn, Pd, and C, or a film stack formed with layers made of some of those materials.

Abstract: An acid gas absorbent of which recovery amount of acid gas such as carbon dioxide is high, and an acid gas removal device and an acid gas removal method using the acid gas absorbent are provided. The acid gas absorbent of the embodiment comprising at least one type of tertiary amine compound represented by the following general formula (1). (In the above-stated formula (1), either one of the R1, R2 represents a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group of which carbon number is 2 to 5, and the other one represents a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group of which carbon number is 1 to 5. The R3 represents a methyl group or an ethyl group, and the R4 represents a hydroxyalkyl group. The R1, R2 may either be the same or different, and they may be coupled to form a cyclic structure.