Abstract: This invention relates generally to anellosomes and compositions and uses thereof.

Abstract: A sensor for monitoring CO2 in a fluid regardless of the phase properties of the fluid, i.e., regardless of whether the fluid contacting the window is a liquid water-based phase, a liquid oil-based phase, a mixture of liquid water and liquid oil-based phases, or a gas phase. The sensor includes an internal reflection window for contacting with the fluid. A mid-infrared light source directs a beam of mid-infrared radiation into the window and the beam is internal reflected at an interface between the window and the fluid. The reflected beam is passed through three narrow bandpass filters which preferentially transmit mid-infrared radiation over bands of wavelengths corresponding to absorbance peaks of water, oil and CO2. The amount of CO2 is determined from the intensities of the mid-infrared radiation passing through the three filters.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to viral vectors and viral particles based on Anelloviruses, which can be used to deliver an agent (e.g., an exogenous effector or an endogenous effector, e.g., a therapeutic effector) to a cell (e.g., a cell in a subject to be treated therapeutically). Described herein are anellosomes, anellovectors, and compositions and uses thereof.

Abstract: A reference system for an electrochemical or ion selective sensor where a reference electrode is coupled with a redox active species and the redox active species is configured to set a pH value of a local environment of a low buffer/low buffering capacity analyte media proximal to the reference electrode. The pH value of the low buffer/low buffering capacity proximal to the reference electrode may be controlled to a pH value at least one pH unit above or below pH 7. The voltammetric response of the redox active species is used as a reference and/or reference signal for the electrochemical or ion selective sensor.

Abstract: A smart sensor system is provided which uses a monitoring electrode to produce a calibration output that can be used in-situ and in real-time to monitor and address reference electrode drift and to provide information regarding sensor operation. The monitoring electrode uses a redox chemistry that is either a non-active redox species that is not sensitive to changes in a solution being tested/monitored or a redox active species that sets a pH of the local environment proximal to the electrode when the electrode is contacted with a test and/or reference solution. The smart sensor system includes at least one of a solid-state electrochemical sensor; a glass electrode, a reduction oxidation sensor; and/or a glucose sensor and/or a sensor to monitor constituent parts of the solution composition.

Abstract: A sensor for monitoring CO2 in a fluid regardless of the phase properties of the fluid, i.e., regardless of whether the fluid contacting the window is a liquid water-based phase, a liquid oil-based phase, a mixture of liquid water and liquid oil-based phases, or a gas phase. The sensor includes an internal reflection window for contacting with the fluid. A mid-infrared light source directs a beam of mid-infrared radiation into the window and the beam is internal reflected at an interface between the window and the fluid. The reflected beam is passed through three narrow bandpass filters which preferentially transmit mid-infrared radiation over bands of wavelengths corresponding to absorbance peaks of water, oil and CO2. The amount of CO2 is determined from the intensities of the mid-infrared radiation passing through the three filters.

Abstract: A method and system for reinforcement learning can involve applying a finite-difference approach to a controller, and tuning the controller in response to applying the finite-difference approach by taking a state as an entirety of a closed-loop step response. The disclosed finite-different approach is based on a random search to tuning the controller, which operates on the entire closed-loop step-response of the system and iteratively improves the gains towards a desired closed-loop response. This allows for prescribing stability requirement into the reward function without any modeling procedures.

Abstract: A method and system for reinforcement learning can include an actor-critic framework comprising an actor and a critic, the actor comprising an actor network and the critic comprising a critic network; and a controller comprising a neural network embedded in the actor-critic framework and which can be tuned according to reinforcement learning based tuning including anti-windup tuning.

Abstract: A Li/CFx primary battery having a lithium-based anode and a fluorinated carbon cathode. The fluorinated carbon cathode includes fluorinated carbon nanoparticles. The structure and size distribution of the carbon precursor carbon nanotubes are configured to provide improved battery performance. The fluorinated carbon nanoparticles can be formed by fluorinating carbon nanoparticles using a fluorine-based reactive gas at a temperature in the range from 300 to 600° C., and the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles can further be used to form the cathode of the primary battery. Producing the Li/CFx primary batter can also include heating the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles under an inert atmosphere before the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles are used to form the cathode of the primary battery.

Abstract: A sensor for monitoring CO2 in a fluid regardless of the phase properties of the fluid, i.e., regardless of whether the fluid contacting the window is a liquid water-based phase, a liquid oil-based phase, a mixture of liquid water and liquid oil-based phases, or a gas phase. The sensor includes an internal reflection window for contacting with the fluid. A mid-infrared light source directs a beam of mid-infrared radiation into the window and the beam is internal reflected at an interface between the window and the fluid. The reflected beam is passed through three narrow bandpass filters which preferentially transmit mid-infrared radiation over bands of wavelengths corresponding to absorbance peaks of water, oil and CO2.

Abstract: A sensor for monitoring a species which is a component of a fluid. The sensor includes an internal reflection window which, in use, is in direct contact with the fluid. The sensor further includes a mid-infrared light source which directs a beam of mid-infrared radiation into said window for attenuated internal reflection at an interface between the window and the fluid. The sensor further includes a first narrow bandpass filter which preferentially transmits mid-infrared radiation over a band of wavelengths corresponding to an absorbance peak of the species. The sensor further includes an infrared detector which detects filtered mid-infrared radiation transmitted through the first filter and a processor for measuring the intensity of the detected mid-infrared radiation transmitted through the first filter, and determines therefrom an amount of the species in the fluid.

Abstract: Provided herein are devices and methods for reducing the negative effects of bubble formation on the detection, quantification and/or monitoring of analytes.

Abstract: An electrochemical pH sensor for measuring pH in a low buffer and/or low ionic strength analyte where the electrochemical pH sensor comprises an electrode coupled with a phenolic redox species and the chemistry of the redox species provides for hydrogen bonding to one or more sulphur atoms of the redox species.

Abstract: Implant devices, systems, and methods are used to prevent post-surgical dislocation of a surgically reconstructed ball-and-socket joint, while retaining the patient's range of motion. The implant device can have a cup having a substantially hemispherical inner contour; a head at least partially inserted within the cup, the head having an outer contour that is generally spherically-shaped, and an elastic retainer with an inner contour that is at least a cross-sectional segment of a spherical shape having substantially a same radius as the inner contour of the cup, the elastic retainer being attachable over an open end of the cup to retain the head within the cup and allowing the outer contour of the head to freely rotate and/or pivot against the inner contour of the cup over the predetermined range of motion of the ball-and-socket joint.

Abstract: A calibration electrode for calibrating a reference system of an electrochemical sensor, such as a potentiometric sensor or an ion selective electrode. The calibration electrode has an active surface comprising redox functionalities. The redox functionalities set the pH of a reference solution proximal to the calibration electrode. A voltammetric signal is applied to the calibration electrode to produce a response that is determined by the set pH. The response of the calibration electrode to the voltammetric signal is used to calibrate/adjust a reference potential produced by a reference electrode of the reference system of the electrochemical sensor. This calibration corrects the detrimental effect of reference electrode drift.

Abstract: A process for determining a content of hydrogen in a fluid medium includes contacting the fluid medium with a sensor. The sensor has a housing enclosing a chamber containing an ionic liquid electrolyte, a window which is permeable to hydrogen and positioned in an opening in the housing, and electrodes in contact with the ionic liquid electrolyte in the chamber. Hydrogen is allowed to pass through the window from the fluid medium into the electrolyte and the sensor is heated. Temperature and pressure of the fluid medium is determined and electrical potential is applied to the electrodes. The method also includes measuring current flow. The sensor can be used to observe hydrogen concentration by voltammetry. The method and sensor may be used for measuring downhole hydrogen content, monitoring fiber-optic cables for damage by hydrogen, corrosion monitoring, and in small-scale process plants where hydrogen is part of a gas stream.

Abstract: An online calibration system for an electrochemical sensor. The calibration system comprises a calibration electrode coupled with a redox species, where the redox species is configured to control a pH of a reference solution local to the calibration electrode, such that when a voltammetric signal is applied to the calibration electrode the output generated from the calibration system is determined by the local environment pH. The output signal from the calibration system is used to calibrate a reference potential generated by a reference system of the electrochemical sensor to correct for drift in the reference potential when the electrochemical sensor is being used. The calibration electrode may be disposed in a reference cell of the electrochemical sensor.

Abstract: A voltammetric reference control system for generating a reference signal for an electrochemical sensor. The electrochemical sensor may comprise a voltammetric sensor, a potentiometric sensor, an amperometric sensor, an ion selective sensor and/or the like that is designed to be used in solutions, such as water, seawater, saline solutions and/or the like. The voltammetric reference control system generates a reference potential that does not drift and/or does not require calibration during operation of the electrochemical sensor.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to viral vectors and viral particles based on Anelloviruses, which can be used to deliver an agent (e.g., an exogenous effector or an endogenous effector, e.g., a therapeutic effector) to a cell (e.g., a cell in a subject to be treated therapeutically). Described herein are anellosomes, anellovectors, and compositions and uses thereof.

Abstract: A detection and alert system designed for use in the wilderness in order to alert the owner when their provision container is disturbed and provides an alarm to scare away whatever is disturbing the container. The device incorporates a disturbance detection method via either a contact or non-contact method. The alarm of the device preferably consists of a bright light, and/or an audible sound that is intense enough to deter the entity disturbing the container. The device may also be paired to the owners Bluetooth enabled smartphone to receive an alert of the disturbance.