Abstract: A method is provided in one example embodiment and includes initiating an execution of a compiled script, evaluating a function called in the compiled script, detecting an execution event based on at least a first criterion, and storing information associated with the execution event in an execution event queue. The method also includes verifying a correlation signature based on information associated with at least one execution event in the execution event queue. In specific embodiments, the method includes evaluating an assignment statement of a script during compilation of the script by a compiler, detecting a compilation event based on at least a second criterion, and storing information associated with the compilation event in a compilation event queue. In yet additional embodiments, the verification of the correlation signature is based in part on information associated with one or more compilation events in the compilation event queue.

Abstract: A system includes one or more “BotMagnet” modules that are exposed to infection by malicious code. The BotMagnets may include one or more virtual machines hosing operating systems in which malicious code may be installed and executed without exposing sensitive data or other parts of a network. In particular, outbound traffic may be transmitted to a Sinkhole module that implements a service requested by the outbound traffic and transmits responses to the malicious code executing within the BotMagnet. In the case of shellcode attacks, unsuccessful attacks may be emulated by selecting a corresponding emulator that will receive and execute instructions, as would a successful shellcode attack. Events occurring on the BotMagnet and Sinkhole are correlated and used to characterize the malicious code. The characterization may be transmitted to other computer systems in order to detect instances of the malicious code.

Abstract: A reductant mixing system having injector and mixing plate positioned within mixing canister is disclosed. Injector discharges reductant directly into vehicle exhaust gases. Mixing plate effects turbulence to mix gases for NO reduction. Mixing plate includes plurality of arms each having surface area and extending from center of plate, barrier region defined by collective surface areas of arms and substantially centered for diverting fluid flow outward, and first and second cut-outs, which allow the gases diverted by barrier region to pass mixing plate into adjacent canister of exhaust treatment system. Each of the first cutouts is defined by outer edge between adjacent arms, and second tier of cut-outs defined by inner edge proximate end of each arm.

Abstract: A method for determining the degree of saturation of a solid ammonia storage material in a storage unit includes activating a heater to release ammonia from the storage material until the pressure of the storage unit reaches a predetermined pressure. The method then deactivates the heater and determining a decay rate of the pressure of the storage unit while the heater is deactivated. The method estimates the degree of saturation of the ammonia storage medium in response to the decay rate. According to some embodiments, determining the decay rate may include measuring the time required for the pressure of the storage unit to drop from a first pressure threshold to a second pressure threshold.

Abstract: A system for storage and dosing of ammonia includes solid ammonia storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption/absorption. The system includes a start-up storage unit and a main storage unit, both of which hold ammonia storage material. A start-up heating device is arranged to heat the start-up storage unit to generate gaseous ammonia by thermal desorption from the solid storage material. A main heating device arranged to heat the main storage unit to generate gaseous ammonia by thermal desorption from the solid storage material. A controller modulates operation of the heating devices such that the main and start-up heating devices are not simultaneously activated.

Abstract: An ammonia flow modulator having a housing, a fluid passage, a first valve, preferably having a precision orifice, positioned within the passage, and an orientation which prevents fluid from pooling in the passage is disclosed and claimed. As an added feature, the device may include a heat source positioned within the housing proximate at least one of a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and the fluid passage. The heat source may be provided by an electric heating element, an exhaust gas heat exchanger, or any other suitable source. As econd inlet and a second passage fluidly connecting the second inlet to the outlet by fluidly linking the second passage to the first passage and including a check valve to prevent backflow. A controller coupled to the first valve is used to control ammonia flow.

Abstract: Reductant delivery system having at least one canister containing reductant coupled, via delivery line, to after-treatment system having ammonia injector, is disclosed. Reductant includes ammonia adsorbing/desorbing material. Delivery line is connected at one end to ammonia injector and at another end detachably coupled by coupler to the canister. Controller may be used for metering flow of ammonia through delivery line to injector. Line-break detector detects disconnection within the delivery line to prevent loss of ammonia. Line-break indicator coupled to line-break detector is used, wherein the indicator activates upon the detector detecting a disconnection in the delivery line. Related methods for detecting and indicating a line break are disclosed.

Abstract: A reductant mixing system having injector and mixing plate positioned within mixing canister is disclosed. Injector discharges reductant directly into vehicle exhaust gases. Mixing plate effects turbulence to mix gases for NO reduction. Mixing plate includes plurality of arms each having surface area and extending from center of plate, barrier region defined by collective surface areas of arms and substantially centered for diverting fluid flow outward, and first and second cut-outs, which allow the gases diverted by barrier region to pass mixing plate into adjacent canister of exhaust treatment system. Each of the first cutouts is defined by outer edge between adjacent arms, and second tier of cut-outs defined by inner edge proximate end of each arm.

Abstract: A system for mixing ammonia (reductant) with engine exhaust includes an exhaust flow created by a vehicle engine, an ammonia feed line passing into the exhaust flow, an injector connected to the feed line and positioned within the exhaust flow, the injector having at least one port for discharging ammonia into the exhaust flow, and a mixing plate positioned within the exhaust flow downstream of the ammonia injector and stabilizing at least one of either the feed line and the injector. An aspect of the invention is to stabilize the injector by attaching the mixing plate to the feed line to provide such stability. Alternatively or additionally, the mixing plate is attached to the injector to stabilize. The feed line may even pass through the mixing plate.

Abstract: A system and method for calculating quantity of ammonia stored on an SCR catalyst at various times during an interval of time by processing certain data, including the aggregate quantity of ammonia introduced into an exhaust flow during the interval of time, calculating the efficiency of catalytic conversion of NOx to N2 and H2O by ammonia at each of the various times by processing certain data, including NOx measurements obtained from upstream and downstream NOx sensors, and establishing a correlation between efficiency of catalytic conversion of NOx to N2 and H2O by ammonia and quantity of ammonia stored on the SCR catalyst over the interval of time which comprises calculated efficiency of catalytic conversion of NOx and calculated quantity of ammonia stored on the SCR catalyst at each of the various times.

Abstract: An ammonia (reductant) injector for delivering a ammonia into an engine exhaust stream is disclosed. Generally speaking, the injector has a body with an inlet fluidly coupled to a plurality of channels within the body, a plurality of discharge ports, each port being fluidly coupled to at least one channel, and an ammonia feed line connected to the inlet of the body. The plurality of discharge ports are preferably spaced one from another such as to optimize the dispersion of ammonia from the ports throughout a cross-sectional portion of an engine exhaust stream.

Abstract: A diesel engine (10) has an exhaust system (16) containing a diesel particulate filter (18) for trapping soot passing through the exhaust system as the engine operates. A trapped soot estimator (30) estimates soot trapped in the diesel particular filter by repeatedly executing an algorithm that calculates a data value for total soot trapped using Kalman filter processing (48) whose gain is controlled by at least one engine operating parameter.

Abstract: A system and method for calculating quantity of ammonia stored on an SCR catalyst at various times during an interval of time by processing certain data, including the aggregate quantity of ammonia introduced into an exhaust flow during the interval of time, calculating the efficiency of catalytic conversion of NOx to N2 and H2O by ammonia at each of the various times by processing certain data, including NOx measurements obtained from upstream and downstream NOx sensors, and establishing a correlation between efficiency of catalytic conversion of NOx to N2 and H2O by ammonia and quantity of ammonia stored on the SCR catalyst over the interval of time which comprises calculated efficiency of catalytic conversion of NOx and calculated quantity of ammonia stored on the SCR catalyst at each of the various times.

Abstract: A multiple catalyst system for the treatment of exhaust gases generated by a combustion engine in an after treatment system. The system includes a substrate and a plurality of catalysts. The plurality of catalysts may provide a plurality of catalyst sections. A variety of different catalysts, as well as a variety of different combinations of catalysts, may be employed. Catalysts may include both catalysts that assist in the removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas during cold start operation of the engine, as well as catalysts that are generally more effective in removing nitrogen oxides after the temperature of the after treatment system and/or exhaust gas is elevated to normal operating temperatures.

Abstract: A method for controlling injection of a reductant into an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes determining the temperature and pressure of reductant supplied to a reductant injector. The method also determines a maximum reductant flow rate as a function of the reductant temperature and pressure and controls operation of the injector as a function of the maximum reductant flow rate.

Abstract: A method for controlling injection of a reductant into an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, which includes measuring temperature at a plurality of locations in the exhaust system relative to an SCR catalyst, determining an average temperature as a function of the measured temperatures, and controlling injecting of a reductant into the exhaust upstream of the catalyst as a function of the average temperature. The average temperature may be a weighted average where temperature measurements from at least some locations upstream of the SCR catalyst may be assigned greater weight than temperature measurements proximate the SCR catalyst.

Abstract: A method of detecting ammonia in the exhaust system includes detecting a predetermined engine operating condition. Upon detecting the predetermined operating condition, the method determines a first NOx conversion efficiency of a catalyst at a first time T1. The method then injects a reactant into the exhaust upstream of the catalyst and determines a second NOx conversion efficiency at a second time T2. The method then processes the first and second NOx conversion efficiencies to determine whether an ammonia slip condition exists.

Abstract: A system and method relate to a reductant dosing for use in the reduction of NOx in an exhaust stream is disclosed. The system and method incorporates a separate first or start-up cartridge and an insulated mantel or housing containing at least one to a plurality of main cartridges. The first and main cartridges store an ammonia adsorbing/desorbing material, which releases ammonia gas upon application of sufficient heat. The start-up cartridge permits the initial release of ammonia gas into the exhaust stream even during start-up of an engine, and because it is separate from the main cartridge, the first cartridge cools faster than the main cartridge and can be replenished with ammonia sooner than the main cartridge. The start-up cartridge is housed in or surrounded by a non-insulating debris shield.

Abstract: A method of providing hydrocarbons to an engine exhaust for regenerating a diesel particulate filter within an exhaust system of a diesel engine. A mass flow rate of exhaust gas within an exhaust system is determined. A mass flow rate of oxygen within the exhaust gas entering the diesel oxidation catalyst is determined. A set point indicative of an allowable mass flow rate of oxygen within the exhaust gas exiting the diesel oxidation catalyst is received. A hydrocarbon threshold that may be injected into the exhaust system is calculated. Hydrocarbons are injected into the exhaust system upstream of the diesel oxidation catalyst, wherein the injected hydrocarbons do not exceed the calculated threshold amount of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A system and method relate to a reductant dosing for use in the reduction of NOx in an exhaust stream is disclosed. The system and method incorporates a separate first or start-up cartridge and an insulated mantel or housing containing at least one to a plurality of main cartridges. The first and main cartridges store an ammonia adsorbing/desorbing material, which releases ammonia gas upon application of sufficient heat. The start-up cartridge permits the initial release of ammonia gas into the exhaust stream even during start-up of an engine, and because it is separate from the main cartridge, the first cartridge cools faster than the main cartridge and can be replenished with ammonia sooner than the main cartridge. The start-up cartridge is housed in or surrounded by a non-insulating debris shield.