Abstract: Methods are described for determining the amount of insulin in a sample. More specifically, mass spectrometric methods are described for detecting and quantifying insulin in a biological sample utilizing purification methods coupled with tandem mass spectrometric or high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometric techniques.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a head unit that includes one or more image sensors and one or more illumination sources. Both an intensity level of the one or more illumination sources and a position or an orientation of the head unit are adjustable. The apparatus also includes one or more processors and one or more memory elements that can execute instructions to capture, by the one or more image sensors, an image of a user's physical workspace, and provide the captured image for display to one or more users.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of manufacturing a foam material includes generating a two-dimensional surface enclosed by one or more boundaries and populating the two-dimensional surface with a number of points. The method further includes generating, for each of the number of points, a corresponding cell region on the two-dimensional surface, where each cell region has a cell surface area bounded by a cell wall, and where each cell wall has the same thickness. The method further includes generating, for each of the one or more surface boundaries, a boundary wall having a particular boundary-wall thickness; applying the two-dimensional surface to a foam material; and creating, in the foam material, cells in accordance with the cell regions within the two-dimensional surface.

Abstract: Provided are methods for determining the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) phenotype in a sample by mass spectrometry; wherein the ApoE allele(s) present in the sample is determined from the identity of the ions detected by mass spectrometry. In another aspect, provided herein are methods for diagnosis or prognosis of Alzheimer's disease or dementia.

Abstract: A method for determining the amount of insulin in a sample by high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry includes (a) subjecting insulin from said sample to an ionization source under conditions suitable to generate a multiply charged insulin ion, wherein said multiply charged insulin ions are detectable by mass spectrometry; and (b) determining the amount of one or more multiply charged insulin ions by high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry; wherein the amount of ions determined in step (b) is related to the amount of insulin in said sample.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes accessing an image, captured by a first camera, of an object that includes a size-invariant feature and a size-variant feature and determining a size of the size-invariant feature in the image. The method further includes determining, based on the determined size of the size-invariant feature in the image, a distance between the camera and the object and determining a size of the size-variant feature in the image. The method further includes determining, based on the determined distance between the camera and the object and based on the determined size of the size-variant feature in the image, an actual size of the size-variant feature.

Abstract: A method for detecting insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) variant(s) in a sample includes purifying the sample using solid phase extraction, ionizing IGF-I in the purified sample to produce one or more ions detectable by mass spectrometry, detecting one or more of the ions comprising an ion with a mass-to-charge ratio selected from the group consisting of 1093.5±0.5, 1089.8±0.5, 1095±0.5, 1097.09±0.5, and 1098.09±0.5 by mass spectrometry, and using the detected ion or ions to determine the presence of IGF-I variant(s) in the sample.

Abstract: Methods for the detection or quantitation of amyloid beta include detecting amyloid beta or fragments thereof by mass spectrometry. The methods may also include determining the ratio of amyloid beta 42 (A?42) to amyloid beta 40 (A?40). Such methods may include the diagnosis or prognosis of Alzheimer's disease or dementia.

Abstract: Provided are methods for determining the amount of tamoxifen and its metabolites in a sample by mass spectrometry. In some aspects, the methods provided herein determine the amount of N-Desmethyl Tamoxifen. In some aspects, the methods provided herein determine the amount of N-Desmethyl Tamoxifen and other tamoxifen metabolites. In some aspects, the methods provided herein determine the amount of tamoxifen, N-Desmethyl Tamoxifen, and other tamoxifen metabolites.

Abstract: A method for determining the amount of C peptide in a sample by tandem mass spectrometry includes (a) subjecting a sample suspected of containing C peptide to solid phase extraction to obtain a fraction enriched in C peptide; (b) subjecting the enriched C peptide to an ionization source under conditions suitable to generate one or more C peptide ions detectable by mass spectrometry; and (c) determining the amount of one or more C peptide ions by tandem mass spectrometry; where the one or more C peptide ions comprise a precursor ion with a mass to charge ratio of 1007.5±0.5 and one or more fragment ions selected from the group of ions with mass to charge ratios consisting of 927.6±0.5, 785.4±0.5, and 646.1±0.5; and the amount of ions determined in (c) is related to the amount of a C peptide in the sample.

Abstract: Provided are methods for determining the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) phenotype in a sample by mass spectrometry; wherein the ApoE allele(s) present in the sample is determined from the identity of the ions detected by mass spectrometry. In another aspect, provided herein are methods for diagnosis or prognosis of Alzheimer's disease or dementia.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system includes a sensor and an airflow generator coupled to an airflow guide configured to direct airflow from the airflow generator toward and past the sensor. The system includes one or more processors and a non-transitory computer readable storage media embodying instructions coupled to the one or more processors, the one or more processors operable to execute the instructions to acquire data about an operational state of the system, wherein the operational state is related to at least one air contaminant generated by the system; and to control the airflow from the airflow generator based on the data about the operational state of the system.

Abstract: Methods are provided for detecting insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) variant(s) in a sample. Methods provided herein are further directed to using the detected ion or ions to determine the presence of IGF1 variant(s) in the sample.

Abstract: A method for determining the amount of testosterone in each of at least two human samples by a single tandem mass spectrometry assay includes subjecting each of a plurality of human samples to a different derivatizing agent to generate a differently derivatized testosterone in each of the plurality of samples, wherein the derivatization agents comprise hydroxylamine chloride and methoxylamine chloride; combining the plurality of samples to form a multiplex sample; and quantifying the amount of testosterone in each sample by mass spectrometry by measuring the amount of a precursor ion having a mass-to-charge ratio of 304.18±0.5 and/or 318.21±0.5 and measuring the amount of a fragment ion having a mass-to-charge ratio of 112.05±0.5, 124.05±0.5, 126.07±0.5, 138.07±0.5, and/or 152.08±0.5.

Abstract: Methods are described for measuring the amount of C peptide in a sample. More specifically, mass spectrometric methods are described for detecting and quantifying C peptide in a sample utilizing on-line extraction methods coupled with tandem mass spectrometric or high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometric techniques.

Abstract: Methods are provided for determining the amount of an IGF-I and/or IGF-II protein in a sample using high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry. The methods generally comprise enriching an IGF-I and/or IGF-II protein in a sample, ionizing an IGF-I and/or IGF-II protein from the sample to generate IGF-I and/or IGF-II protein ions, and determining the amount of IGF-I and/or IGF-II protein ions with high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry.

Abstract: Provided are methods for the detection or quantitation of amyloid beta. In a particular aspect, provided herein are methods for detecting amyloid beta or fragments thereof by mass spectrometry. In another aspect, provided herein are methods for determining the ratio of amyloid beta 42 (A?42) to amyloid beta 40 (A?40). In another aspect, provided herein are methods for diagnosis or prognosis of Alzheimer's disease or dementia.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for high throughput quantitation of testosterone utilizing at least two different derivatizing agents of different masses. In another aspect, provided herein are methods for determining the amount of testosterone in each of a plurality of human samples with a single mass spectrometric assay by subjecting each of a plurality of human samples to a different derivatizing agent to generate a differently derivatized testosterone in each of the plurality of samples; combining the plurality of samples to form a multiplex sample; and quantifying the amount of testosterone in each sample by mass spectrometry.

Abstract: A method of determining the amount of an IGF-I and/or IGF-II protein in a sample using high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry includes enriching an IGF-I and/or IGF-II protein in a sample, ionizing an IGF-I and/or IGF-II protein from the sample to generate IGF-I and/or IGF-II protein ions, and determining the amount of IGF-I and/or IGF-II protein ions with high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry.

Abstract: Provided are methods of detecting the presence or amount of a dihydroxyvitamin D metabolite in a sample using mass spectrometry. The methods generally comprise ionizing a dihydroxyvitamin D metabolite in a sample and detecting the amount of the ion to determine the presence or amount of the vitamin D metabolite in the sample. In certain preferred embodiments the methods include immunopurifying the dihydroxyvitamin D metabolites prior to mass spectrometry. Also provided are methods to detect the presence or amount of two or more dihydroxyvitamin D metabolites in a single assay.