Abstract: A crystal structure is provided to improve a characteristic of an electrode material, such as vanadium oxide. In the crystal structure, an amorphous state and a layered crystal state coexist at a predetermined ratio in a layered crystalline material such as vanadium oxide. In the layered crystalline material having such a layered crystal structure, layered crystal particles having a layer length L1 of 30 nm or shorter are formed. Ions are easily intercalated to and deintercalated from between the layers. When such a material is used for the positive electrode active material, a nonaqueous lithium secondary battery of which the discharge capacity and the cycle characteristic are good is manufactured.

Abstract: A lithium ion capacitor having high energy density, high output density, high capacity and high safety is provided. A lithium ion capacitor comprising a positive electrode 1 made of a material capable of being reversibly doped with lithium ions and/or anions, a negative electrode 2 made of a material capable of being reversively doped with lithium ions, and an aprotic organic solution of a lithium salt as an electrolytic solution, wherein the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are laminated or wound with a separator interposed between them, the area of the positive electrode 1 is smaller than the area of the negative electrode 2, and the face of the positive electrode 1 is substantially covered by the face of the negative electrode 2 when they are laminated or wound.

Abstract: A negative electrode 15 includes a negative-electrode current collector 16 provided with a large number of through-holes 16a and a negative-electrode mixture layer 17 applied thereon. Positive electrodes 13 and 14 are arranged so as to sandwich the negative electrode 15. A thin positive-electrode mixture layer 20 having a high output characteristic is provided to the positive electrode 13, and a thick positive-electrode mixture layer 22 having a high capacity is provided to the other positive electrode 14. Since these positive electrodes 13 and 14 having different charging/discharging characteristics are provided, an energy density and an output density can be enhanced. Ions can move between the positive-electrode mixture layers 20 and 22 via the through-holes 16a of the negative-electrode current collector 16, whereby a variation in the potential of the positive electrodes 13 and 14 can be canceled. Therefore, the durability of the electric storage device 10 can be ensured.

Abstract: A positive electrode 13 includes a positive-electrode current collector 16 provided with a large number of through-holes 16a and a positive-electrode mixture layer 17 applied thereon. Negative electrodes 14 and 15 are arranged so as to sandwich the positive electrode 13. A negative-electrode mixture layer 20 of the negative electrode 14 contains a hard carbon having a high capacity characteristic, while a negative-electrode mixture layer 22 of the negative electrode 15 contains a PAS having a high output characteristic. Since the negative electrodes 14 and 15, each having a different charge/discharge characteristic, are provided, an energy density and an output density of the electric storage device 10 can be enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyhydric phenol compound represented by the formula (I): wherein at least one selected from R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 is a group represented by the formula (II): wherein X1, X2, X3 and X4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl group, n represents an integer of 0 to 3, Z1 represents a C1-C6 alkyl group or a C3-C12 cycloalkyl group, and ring Y represents an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and the others are hydrogen atoms, and a chemically amplified resist composition containing the same.

Abstract: It is to provide a lithium ion capacitor having a high energy density, a high output density, a large capacity and high safety. A lithium ion capacitor comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an aprotic organic solvent solution of a lithium salt as an electrolytic solution, wherein a positive electrode active material is a material capable of reversibly supporting lithium ions and anions, a negative electrode active material is a material capable of reversibly supporting lithium ions, and the potentials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are at most 2.

Abstract: A negative electrode 15 arranged at the center of an electrode laminate unit 12 includes a negative-electrode current collector 16 provided with a large number of through-holes 16a and a negative-electrode mixture layer 17 applied thereon. Positive electrodes 13 and 14 are arranged so as to sandwich the negative electrode 15. A positive-electrode mixture layer 20 containing a lithium cobalt oxide having a high capacitance characteristic is provided to the positive electrode 13, and a positive-electrode mixture layer 22 containing an activated carbon having a high output characteristic is provided to the other positive electrode 14. Since these positive electrodes 13 and 14 are provided, an energy density and an output density can be enhanced. Ions can be transferred between the positive-electrode mixture layers 20 and 22 via the through-holes 16a of the negative-electrode current collector 16, whereby a variation in the potential of the positive electrode after the high-rate discharging can be canceled.

Abstract: To present a carbon material which provides an electrical storage device not only ensuring a high energy density but also realizing a high output and an excellent low temperature performance. A negative electrode active material for an electrical storage device employing an aprotic organic solvent electrolyte solution containing a lithium salt as an electrolytes characterized in that it is made of a carbon material having a specific surface area of from 0.01 to 50 m2/g and a total mesopore volume of from 0.005 to 1.0 cc/g, wherein volumes of mesopores having pore diameters of from 100 to 400 ? occupy at least 25% of the total mesopore volume.

Abstract: An electrode laminate unit 12 of an electric storage device 10 is composed of positive electrodes 14 and negative electrodes 15, which are alternately laminated, and a lithium electrode 16 is arranged at the outermost part of the electrode laminate unit 12 so as to oppose to the negative electrode 15. A charging/discharging unit 21 having first and second energization control units 21a and 21b is connected to a positive-electrode terminal 18, negative-electrode terminal 19, and a lithium-electrode terminal 20. Electrons are moved from the lithium electrode 16 to the positive electrode 14 through the first energization control unit 21a, and lithium ions are doped into the positive electrode 14 from the lithium electrode 16. Electrons are moved from the lithium electrode 16 to the negative electrode 15 through the second energization control unit 21b, and lithium ions are doped into the negative electrode 15 from the lithium electrode 16.

Abstract: The ions other than a lithium ion and having a greater ion radius is interposed, before the lithium ion is doped, as an interlayer securing member in a vanadium oxide having a layered crystal into which the lithium ion can be doped. Since the interlayer securing member is interposed, the dope or dedope of the lithium ion into or from the vanadium oxide afterward can smoothly be performed. A sodium ion or the like can be employed as the interlayer securing member.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte capacitor. The organic capacitor is made up of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte capable of transporting lithium ions. The organic capacitor exhibits a small change in internal resistance during charge and discharge, a high energy and a high output power, and allows lithium ions to move with ease. This is achieved by having a positive electrode that is able to support lithium ions and anions reversibly, a negative electrode that is able to support lithium ions reversibly, and controlling the ratio of positive electrode active material to negative electrode active material within an optimized range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyhydric phenol compound represented by the formula (I): wherein at least one selected from R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 is a group represented by the formula (II): wherein X1, X2, X3 and X4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl group, n represents an integer of 0 to 3, Z1 represents a C1-C6 alkyl group or a C3-C12 cycloalkyl group, and ring Y represents an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and the others are hydrogen atoms, and a chemically amplified resist composition containing the same.

Abstract: To provide a negative electrode active material for an electricity storage device, which has considerably enhanced low-temperature characteristic, increased energy density, and increased output power. A negative electrode active material is made of a carbon composite containing carbon particles as a core and a fibrous carbon having a graphene structure, which is formed on the surfaces and/or the inside of the carbon particles, wherein the carbon composite has a volume of all mesopores within 0.005 to 1.0 cm3/g, and a volume of the mesopores each with a pore diameter ranging from 100 to 400 ? of not less than 25% of the volume of all mesopores.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemically amplified resist composition comprising: (A) a salt represented by (I): wherein R21 represents a C1-C30 hydrocarbon group, Q1 and Q2 each represent a fluorine atom, and A+ represents at least one organic cation represented by (Ia): wherein P1-P3 each represent C1-C30 alkyl group, a cation represented by (Ib): wherein P4 and P5 each represent a hydrogen atom, and a cation represented by (Ic): wherein P10-P21 each represent hydrogen atom, B represents sulfur or oxygen atom and m represents 0 or 1; (B) a salt (II): wherein R22 represents C1-C30 hydrocarbon group, Q3 and Q4 each represent fluorine atom, and A?+ represents an organic cation (IIa): wherein P6 and P7 are each a C1-C12 alkyl group, P8 represents hydrogen atom, P9 represents C1-C12 alkyl group; and (C) a resin which contains a structural unit having an acid-labile group.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte capacitor having a high energy density and a high power and having a high capacitance even at ?20° C. is provided. According to the organic electrolyte capacitor of the present invention, an organic electrolyte capacitor having a high discharge capacity even at a low temperature state as low as ?20° C. while having a high voltage and a high energy density can be attained in an organic electrolyte capacitor having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte capable of transporting lithium ions, in which the positive electrode can reversibly support lithium ions and anions, and the negative electrode can reversibly support the lithium ions by using a mesopored carbon material having a pore volume of 0.10 ml/g or more for pore diameter of 3 nm or larger.

Abstract: There is provided an organic electrolyte capacitor having electrodes on current collectors that have holes penetrating the front and rear surfaces, in which electrode materials formed on the through-holes of the current collectors seldom fall off and high energy density and high power density can be obtained. The organic electrolyte capacitor includes positive electrodes, negative electrodes and an electrolyte capable of transferring lithium ions, in which the positive electrodes contain a substance capable of carrying lithium ions and/or anions reversibly as a positive electrode active material, the negative electrodes contain a substance capable of carrying lithium ions as a negative electrode active material, the positive and negative electrodes possess the positive or negative electrode active material layers on an electrode substrate that has conductive layers made of conductive materials on current collectors, which have through-holes, and the negative electrodes carry lithium electrochemically.

Abstract: The invention provides a negative electrode material for use with a lithium-ion capacitor, which is high in energy density, output density and excellent in durability. When graphite of which an average distance between 002 lattice planes thereof is within a range from 0.335 nm to 0.337 nm is used for an active material of a negative electrode of a lithium-ion capacitor, the energy density of the capacitor is increased. The output characteristic and the cycle durability can be improved when D10, D50 and D90 are set within predetermined ranges.

Abstract: A lithium-ion capacitor excellent in durability, which has high energy density and high capacity retention ratio when the capacitor is charged and discharged at a high load, is disclosed. The lithium-ion capacitor includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an aprotic organic solvent of a lithium salt as an electrolyte solution. In the lithium-ion capacitor, a positive electrode active material allows lithium ions and/or anions to be doped thereinto and de-doped therefrom, and a negative electrode active material allows lithium ions to be doped thereinto and de-doped therefrom. At least one of the negative electrode and the positive electrode is pre-doped with lithium ions so that after the positive electrode and the negative electrode are shortcircuited, a potential of the positive electrode is 2 V (relative to Li/Li+) or lower. A thickness of a positive electrode layer of the positive electrode is within a range from 18 to 108 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemically amplified resist composition comprising: a resin (A) which contains no fluorine atom and a structural unit (a1) having an acid-labile group, a resin (B) which contains a structural unit (b2) having a fluorine-containing group and at least one structural unit selected from a structural unit (b1) having an acid-labile group, a structural unit (b3) having a hydroxyl group and a structural unit (b4) having a lactone structure, and an acid generator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a resin which generates an acid by irradiation and is a salt of an organic cation and an anionic polymer wherein the anionic polymer has no carbon-carbon unsaturated bond. The present invention further provides a chemically amplified resist composition comprising the same.