Abstract: A wide-range ion source for a mass spectrometer comprises a first portion and a second portion that is positioned downstream of the first portion. The first portion includes an anode and a first filament that is positioned proximate the anode and secured in place relative to the anode. The first filament is exposed to a pressure of a process chamber. A first electron repeller has at least a partially circular shape. The second portion includes a tubular anode, a second filament surrounding the tubular anode, an extraction lens defining an opening and a focus lens to conduct ions into a volume.

Abstract: A method for detecting radicals in process gases in a semiconductor fabrication assembly is provided where the semiconductor fabrication includes a plasma source and a mass spectrometer with an ion source. The method includes separating ions from the process gases and determining a fixed electron energy in which to measure the process gases. Process gases in the semiconductor fabrication assembly are continuously sampled. A first measurement is performed on the sampled process gases at the electron energy using the mass spectrometer, where the first measurement is performed with the plasma source off. A second measurement of the sampled process gases is performed at the fixed electron energy using the mass spectrometer, where the second measurement is performed with the plasma source on. An amount of a radical present in the sampled process gases is determined as a difference between the second measurement and the first measurement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for identifying a pharmaceutically active compound that modulates the rpL35 (rpL35/rpL29)-dependent translation of at least one mRNA in a mammalian cell. The mRNA may comprise a premature termination codon (PTC), undergoes premature translation termination, causes programmed ?1 ribosomal frame shifting (?1PRF), or is a polycistronic mRNA. Furthermore a respective screening system, methods of treating or preventing a disease or condition, and compounds that modulate the rpL35 (rpL35/rpL29)-dependent translation, in particular atazanavir or derivatives thereof and artemisinin or artesunate or derivatives thereof are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, a vulcanizate and a vehicle tire. The sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture contains at least the following constituents: at least one diene rubber and at least one silica and at least one silane having the general empirical formula [(R1)oSi—(R3—)pX—(R4—)p]mSn(R2)2-m,??I) where X is a radical comprising at least one polar group selected from urethane, amide, ester, amine, thiourea, thioamide, O-organyl thiocarbamate, S-organyl thiocarbamate, amidine, guanidine, piperidine, maleic anhydride, sulfonamide, carbonate, imidazoline, thiazolidine, thiazolidinone, pyrrolidine, pyrazole, benzimidazole, indole, purine, thiazine, sulfonate, and phosphonate groups.

Abstract: A method for detecting radicals in process gases in a semiconductor fabrication assembly is provided where the semiconductor fabrication includes a plasma source and a mass spectrometer with an ion source. The method includes separating ions from the process gases and determining a fixed electron energy in which to measure the process gases. Process gases in the semiconductor fabrication assembly are continuously sampled. A first measurement is performed on the sampled process gases at the electron energy using the mass spectrometer, where the first measurement is performed with the plasma source off. A second measurement of the sampled process gases is performed at the fixed electron energy using the mass spectrometer, where the second measurement is performed with the plasma source on. An amount of a radical present in the sampled process gases is determined as a difference between the second measurement and the first measurement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a silane, to a process for modifying a silica with the silane, and to a modified silica. The process for preparing a silane of the formula I) comprises at least the following steps: a) providing a substance (R1)oSi—R2—HNC(?O)NH-A-NH2; b) providing a substance HOC(?O)-A-S2-A-C(?O)OH; c) activating the substance from step b) through reaction with oxalyl chloride to form ClC(?O)-A-S2-A-C(?O)Cl; d) reacting at least two equivalents of the substance from step a) with one equivalent of the substance from step a), thereby obtaining a silane of the formula I); e) optionally purifying the silane of the formula I) obtained in step d) (R1)oSi—R2—HNC(?O)NH-A-HNC(?O)-A-Sk-A-C(?O)NH-A-NHC(?O)—R2—Si(R1),??I) wherein the groups A within a molecule may be identical or different and are aromatic groups.

Abstract: It is provided a vibration damper system for a steering wheel arrangement of a motor vehicle, which is provided for arrangement on a steering wheel element of the steering wheel arrangement. The vibration damper system comprises a vibration damping mass for damping the vibration of the steering wheel arrangement, an elastic bearing element which comprises a fastening element for fastening the elastic bearing element to one of bearing element and vibration damping mass, and a fastening means for fastening to the other of steering wheel element and vibration damping mass, wherein the elastic bearing element sectionally rests against the fastening means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rubber blend, to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising the rubber blend and to a vehicle tire comprising such a rubber mixture. The rubber blend comprises at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rubber blend, to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising the rubber blend and to a vehicle tire comprising such a rubber mixture. The rubber blend comprises at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silane sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rubber blend, to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising the rubber blend and to a vehicle tire comprising such a rubber mixture. The rubber blend comprises at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silane sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising a rubber blend composed of at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silane sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups, 30 to 300 phr of at least one silica and 1 to 20 phf of at least one substance of formula I) as silane coupling agent (R1R2R3)Si—S4—Si(R3R2R1)??II) where R1, R2, R3 in the structure may be the same or different and may be selected from linear or branched alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising a rubber blend composed of at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silane sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups, and a vulcanization system comprising at least one accelerator and elemental sulfur and/or at least one sulfur donor substance, where the molar ratio of accelerated sulfur is 0.18 to 5, where the total molar amount of sulfur consists of elemental sulfur and the sulfur released by the sulfur donor substances.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rubber blend, to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising the rubber blend and to a vehicle tire comprising such a rubber mixture. The rubber blend comprises at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silane sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising a rubber blend composed of at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silane sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups, 30 to 300 phr of at least one silica and 1 to 20 phf of at least one blocked and/or unblocked mercaptosilane as silane coupling agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, a vulcanizate and a vehicle tire. The sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture contains at least the following constituents: at least one diene rubber and at least one silica and at least one silane having the general empirical formula [(R1)oSi—(R3—)pX—(R4—)p]mSn(R2)2-m,??I) where X is a radical comprising at least one polar group selected from urethane, amide, ester, amine, thiourea, thioamide, O-organyl thiocarbamate, S-organyl thiocarbamate, amidine, guanidine, piperidine, maleic anhydride, sulfonamide, carbonate, imidazoline, thiazolidine, thiazolidinone, pyrrolidine, pyrazole, benzimidazole, indole, purine, thiazine, sulfonate, and phosphonate groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rubber blend, to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising the rubber blend and to a vehicle tire comprising such a rubber mixture. The rubber blend comprises at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silane sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising a rubber blend composed of at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silane sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups, 30 to 300 phr of at least one silica and 1 to 150 phr of at least one hydrocarbon resin having a softening point to ASTM E 28 (ring and ball) of 10 to 180° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rubber blend, to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising the rubber blend and to a vehicle tire comprising such a rubber mixture. The rubber blend comprises at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups.

Abstract: A pneumatic vehicle tire in radial design that is a summer tire or all-season tire, with a profiled tread comprising rows of profile blocks and/or profile ribs running around the tire in circumferential direction, wherein the total number of sipes within each row of profile blocks and/or profile ribs is not more than 150, wherein the tread is in the form of a single layer or multiple layers with a radially outermost tread layer that extends at least over the width of the ground contact area, and wherein the profile depth of the tread is up to 6.5 mm. The tread or its radially outermost tread layer consists of a rubber material with a Shore A hardness at room temperature in accordance with DIN ISO 7619-1 of 40 ShA to 55 ShA.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising a rubber blend composed of at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silane sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups, and as filler at least one silica and/or at least one carbon black in an amount of 25 to 300 phr, wherein the ratio of carbon black to silica in the mixture is 100:0 to 3:97.