Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a silane, to a process for modifying a silica with the silane, and to a modified silica. The process for preparing a silane of the formula I) comprises at least the following steps: a) providing a substance (R1)oSi—R2—HNC(?O)NH-A-NH2; b) providing a substance HOC(?O)-A-S2-A-C(?O)OH; c) activating the substance from step b) through reaction with oxalyl chloride to form ClC(?O)-A-S2-A-C(?O)Cl; d) reacting at least two equivalents of the substance from step a) with one equivalent of the substance from step a), thereby obtaining a silane of the formula I); e) optionally purifying the silane of the formula I) obtained in step d) (R1)oSi—R2—HNC(?O)NH-A-HNC(?O)-A-Sk-A-C(?O)NH-A-NHC(?O)—R2—Si(R1),??I) wherein the groups A within a molecule may be identical or different and are aromatic groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rubber blend, to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising the rubber blend and to a vehicle tire comprising such a rubber mixture. The rubber blend comprises at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silane sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups and wherein the rubber blend includes 35 to 100 phr (based on the at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight), preferably 35 to 70 phr, of the at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, to a vulcanizate thereof and to a vehicle tire. The sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture contains at least the following constituents: at least one diene rubber; and 10 to 300 phr of at least one silica; and 1 to 30 phf of at least one silane A having general empirical formula A-I) (R1)oSi—R2—(S—R3)q—S—X; and??A-I) 0.5 to 30 phf of at least one silane B having general empirical formula B-I) (R1)oSi—R2—(S—R3)u—S—R2—Si(R1)o??B-I) wherein q is 1, 2 or 3; and u is 1, 2 or 3; and X is a hydrogen atom or a —C(?O)—R8 group wherein R8 is selected from hydrogen C1-C20-alkyl groups, preferably C1-C17, C6-C20-aryl groups, preferably phenyl, C2-C20-alkenyl groups and C7-C20-aralkyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, to a vulcanizate thereof and to a vehicle tire. The sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture contains at least the following constituents: at least one diene rubber; and 10 to 300 phr of at least one silica; and 1 to 22 phf of at least one silane A having general empirical formula A-I) (R1)oSi—R2—(S—R3)q—Sx—(R3—S)q—R2—Si(R1)o; and??A-I) 0.5 to 30 phf of at least one silane B having general empirical formula B-I) (R1)oSi—R2—(S—R3)u—S—R2—Si(R1)o??B-I) wherein x is an integer from 2 to 10, q is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and u is 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a silane, to a rubber mixture comprising the silane and to a vehicle tire comprising the rubber mixture in at least one component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a silane, to a rubber mixture comprising the silane and to a vehicle tire comprising the rubber mixture in at least one component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, to a vulcanizate thereof and to a vehicle tire. The sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture contains at least the following constituents: at least one diene rubber; and 10 to 300 phr of at least one silica; and 1 to 30 phf of at least one silane A having general empirical formula A-I) (R1)oSi—R2—(S—R3)q—S—X; and??A-I) 0.5 to 30 phf of at least one silane B having general empirical formula B-I) (R1)oSi—R2—(S—R3)u—S—R2—Si(R1)o??B-I) wherein q is 1, 2 or 3; and u is 1, 2 or 3; and X is a hydrogen atom or a C(?O)—R8 group wherein R8 is selected from hydrogen C1-C20-alkyl groups, preferably C1-C17, C6-C20-aryl groups, preferably phenyl, C2-C20-alkenyl groups and C7-C20-aralkyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, to a vulcanizate thereof and to a vehicle tire. The sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture contains at least the following constituents: at least one diene rubber; and 10 to 300 phr of at least one silica; and 1 to 30 phf of at least one silane A having general empirical formula A-I) (R1)oSi—R2—S—H; and??A-I) 0.5 to 30 phf of at least one silane B having general empirical formula B-I) (R1)oSi—R3—(S—R4)u—(S—R5)v—Si(R1)o,??B-I) wherein u is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and v is 0 or 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, to a vulcanizate thereof and to a vehicle tire. The sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture contains at least the following constituents: at least one diene rubber; and 10 to 300 phr of at least one silica; and 1 to 30 phf of at least one silane A having general empirical formula A-I) and/or A-XI) (R1)oSi—R2—(S—R3)q—Sx—(R3—S)q—R2—Si(R1)o;??A-I) (R1)oSi—R2—(S—R3)x—S—X; and??A-XI) 5 to 30 phf of at least one silane B having general empirical formula B-I) (R1)oSi—R4—S—R4—Si(R1)o??B-I) wherein x is an integer from 2 to 10, q is 1, 2 or 3 and s is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and X is a hydrogen atom or a C(?O)—R8 group wherein R8 is selected from hydrogen C1-C20-alkyl groups, C6-C20-aryl groups, C2-C20-alkenyl groups and C7-C20-aralkyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, to a vulcanizate thereof and to a vehicle tire. The sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture contains at least the following constituents: at least one diene rubber; and 10 to 300 phr of at least one silica; and 1 to 30 phf of at least one silane A having general empirical formula A-I) and/or A-XI) A-I) (R1)oSi—R2—(S—R3)q—Sx—(R3—S)q—R2—Si(R1)o; A-XI) (R1)oSi—R2—(S—R3)s—S—X; and 0.5 to 30 phf of at least one silane B having general empirical formula B-I) B-I) (R1)oSi—R4—Si(R1)o wherein x is an integer from 2 to 10, q is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and s is 1, 2 or 3 and X is a hydrogen atom or a C(?O)—R8 group wherein R8 is selected from hydrogen C1-C20-alkyl groups, C6-C20-aryl groups, C2-C20-alkenyl groups and C7-C20-aralkyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, to a vulcanizate thereof and to a vehicle tire. The sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture contains at least the following constituents: at least one diene rubber; and 10 to 300 phr of at least one silica; and 1 to 22 phf of at least one silane A having general empirical formula A-I) (R1)oSi—R2—(S—R3)q—Sx—(R3—S)q—R2—Si(R1)o; and ??A-I) 0.5 to 30 phf of at least one silane B having general empirical formula B-I) (R1)oSi—R2—(S—R3)u—S—R2—Si(R1)0 ??B-I) wherein x is an integer from 2 to 10, q is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and u is 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel catalytic hydrogenation of substituted 2-methyl cyanopyridyl derivatives, in particular 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]acetonitrile [=Py-CN] to substituted 2-ethylaminopyridine derivatives, in particular 2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethanamine [=Py-ethanamine] or salts thereof in the presence of Raney catalysts, in particular Raney nickel or cobalt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel catalytic hydrogenation of substituted 2-methyl cyanopyridyl derivatives, in particular 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]acetonitrile [=Py-CN] to substituted 2-ethylaminopyridine derivatives, in particular 2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethanamine [=Py-ethanamine] or salts thereof in the presence of Raney catalysts, in particular Raney nickel or cobalt.

Abstract: An apparatus for handling and locally fixing flat thermoplastic materials includes at least one holding device to be applied with a holding region for exerting a holding force against a surface of the flat thermoplastic material. Arranged within or surrounded by the holding region of the at least one holding device is at least one heating element by which the flat thermoplastic material can be locally thermally fixed to a join partner within or surrounded by the holding region of the at least one holding device.

Abstract: A pneumatic vehicle tire for passenger cars, vans or the like has a radial carcass, a multi-ply belt, and a profiled tread that, as viewed in the axial direction, has a central portion and two shoulder portions. The shoulder portions include a rubber mixture that has a lower dynamic modulus of elasticity E? (at 55° C. and 8% elongation according to DIN 53513) than the central portion. The central portion has extensions at the base thereof, running laterally substantially parallel to the tread substructure and radially inside and across the width of the shoulder portions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel catalytic hydrogenation of substituted 2-methyl cyanopyridyl derivatives, in particular 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]acetonitrile [=Py-CN] to substituted 2-ethylaminopyridine derivatives, in particular 2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethanamine [=Py-ethanamine] or salts thereof in the presence of metal catalysts, in particular palladium catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, containing: a rubber blend of at least one high-molecular-weight, solution-polymerized diene polymer A and at least one low-molecular-weight, solution-polymerized polymer B, wherein at least one of the polymers A or B is functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or in a coupling center with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxy groups, carboxy groups, silane-sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups, and from alkoxysilyl groups containing amino groups, and as a filler, at least one silicic acid and/or at least one carbon black in an amount of 25 to 300 phr, wherein the ratio of carbon black to silicic acid in the mixture is 100:0 to 3:97.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rubber blend, to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising the rubber blend and to a vehicle tire comprising such a rubber mixture. The rubber blend comprises at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silane sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups and wherein the rubber blend includes 35 to 100 phr (based on the at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight), preferably 35 to 70 phr, of the at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to biosynthetic pathways for producing flavor and fragrance chemicals, such as green notes including trans-2-unsaturated aldehydes and lactones. The present disclosure provides methods for producing trans-2-unsaturated aldehydes, delta-lactones, and gamma-lactones. The present disclosure provides pathways for the preparation of trans-2-unsaturated aldehydes, delta-lactones, and gamma-lactones by reacting aldehydes in the presence of aldolases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture comprising a rubber blend composed of at least one solution-polymerized diene polymer A of high molecular weight and at least one solution-polymerized polymer B of low molecular weight, wherein at least one of polymers A and B has been functionalized at the chain end and/or along the polymer chain and/or at a coupling site with at least one group selected from epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, silane sulfide groups, amino groups, siloxane groups, organosilicon groups, phthalocyanine groups and amino group-containing alkoxysilyl groups, 30 to 300 phr of at least one silica and 1 to 20 phf of at least one substance of formula I) as silane coupling agent (R1R2R3)Si—S4—Si(R3R2R1)??II) where R1, R2, R3 in the structure may be the same or different and may be selected from linear or branched alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.