Abstract: A device substrate comprising a substrate having a flow channel of a liquid, wherein an internal surface of said flow channel has an area non-compatible with said liquid; said area non-compatible with the liquid is formed by a monolayer non-compatible with said liquid; and said monolayer is connected to said substrate via a covalent bond, which allows smooth flow of the liquid in the minute flow channel.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory includes at least a first electrode (71) and a second electrode (72) provided on a substrate, the first and second electrodes being separated from each other, and a conductive organic thin film (73) for electrically connecting the first and second electrodes. The conductive organic thin film (73) has a first electric state in which it exhibits a first resistance, and a second electric state in which it exhibits a second resistance. A first threshold voltage for a transition from the first electric state to the second electric state, and a second threshold voltage for a transition from the second electric state to the first electric state are different from each other, and either the first electric state or the second electric state is maintained at a voltage in a range between the first threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage. The conductive organic thin film (73) is bound with a surface of the substrate by conjugate bonds.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical device includes an organic compound that serves as an active material and a substrate carrying the organic compound. The substrate and the organic compound are held together by a covalent bond. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the dissolving of the active material into an electrolyte.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a conductive organic thin film having organic molecules that include at one end a terminal bonding group that is covalently bonded to a substrate surface, a conjugate bonding group that is located at any portion of the organic molecules and that is polymerized with other molecules, and a polar functional group that does not include active hydrogen and that is located at any portion between the terminal bonding group and the conjugate bonding group, wherein the organic molecules are oriented and their conjugate bonding groups are polymerized, forming a conduction network. The conductivity (&rgr;) of the conductive organic thin film at room temperature (25° C.) is at least 5.5×105 S/cm, and preferably at least 1×107 S/cm, without dopants, having significantly higher conductivity than metals such as gold and silver.

Abstract: A cell according to the present invention is a fuel cell for generating an electric power by supplying one electrode with a fuel and the other electrode with an oxidant. In the fuel cell, a catalyst layer is formed on at least one surface of at least one of the one electrode and the other electrode. The catalyst layer is a layer including catalyst particles alone, a layer including a mixture of the catalyst particles and other particles, or a layer of a porous film carrying at least the catalyst particles, and a molecule including an ion-conducting functional group serving as an electrolyte is chemically bonded to a surface of at least one selected from the group consisting of the catalyst particles, the other particles and the porous film. At least one of the electrodes has a thin film electrolyte, a catalyst and an electron conducting substance, thereby suppressing the elution of the electrolyte from the catalyst layer in an electrode part and the accompanying voltage drop.

Abstract: A novel structure comprising two substrates disposed closely each other, in which an organic molecular layer is formed on the surface of at least one substrate wherein the gap between the surface of the organic molecular layer on one substrate and the surface of the other substrate or the surface of the organic molecular layer on the other substrate is maintained to be usually less than 100 &mgr;m, preferably less than 1 &mgr;m is provided. A motor, actuator, and vibration-absorbing table comprising such structure are also provided.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes a reflective film, a recording film and a protective film on a substrate. The protective film is provided with a surface layer on a side opposite to the substrate. On an outer layer of at least one selected from the substrate and the protective film, a hard coat resin layer is formed. On an outer layer of the hard coat resin layer, a chemisorptive film including organic silane molecules represented by the general formula R4-m-nSiR′mZn—(wherein R is a group including a carbon chain with a carbon number of 3 to 25, Z is O, N or S, n is 1, 2 or 3, R′ is hydrogen or an alkyl group with a carbon number of 1 to 3, and m is 0, 1 or 2) is formed by covalent bonding with the hard coat layer.

Abstract: A novel structure comprising two substrates disposed closely each other, in which an organic molecular layer is formed on the surface of at least one substrate wherein the gap between the surface of the organic molecular layer on one substrate and the surface of the other substrate or the surface of the organic molecular layer on the other substrate is maintained to be usually less than 1000 &mgr;m, preferably less than 1 &mgr;m is provided. A motor, actuator, and vibration-absorbing table comprising such structure are also provided.

Abstract: A highly dense chemically adsorbed film is formed by repeating the alternate process of adsorption reaction and washing. Adsorption reaction is directed by contacting the substrate surface, which has or is given an alkali metal or a functional group, with a chemical adsorbent, having halosilyl or alkoxysilyl groups at the end of molecules. An unreacted chemical adsorbent is then washed away from the substrate surface. The alternate treatment of adsorption reaction and washing is repeated, thereby covalently bonding a chemically adsorbed film to the substrate surface.

Abstract: A compound represented by a general formula (1) ABXn (where A is a carbon-containing group; B is at least one element selected from Si, Ge, Sn, Ti and Zr; X is a hydrolyzable group; and n is 1, 2 or 3), for example, a chlorosilane compound having a fluorocarbon group, is measured in an amount required for one time application, and dropped from a nozzle on a surface of a substrate having an active hydrogen on the surface, and simultaneously it is rubbed with a coater made of a sponge or a nonwoven fabric, etc. Furthermore, it is rubbed with a coater made of a sponge or a nonwoven fabric, etc. while blowing a dry warm air, and an elimination reaction is caused between the active hydrogen on the surface of the substrate and the hydrolyzable group of the compound. Thus, the compound is covalently bonded to the substrate. The molecules of the is silane compound also are polymerized with one another to be fixed.

Abstract: A conductive organic thin film is made of organic molecules including a terminal bond group that is covalently bonded to a surface of a substrate material (1) or a surface of a primer layer (2) formed on the substrate material, a conjugated bond group, and an alkyl group between the terminal bond group and the conjugated bond group, wherein the organic molecules are oriented, and the conjugated bond group is polymerized with the conjugated bond groups of other molecules, thus forming a conductive network (34). The conductive network (34) is formed of polypyrrole, polythienylene, polyacetylene, polydiacetylene and polyacene. For the polymerization of the conjugated bond groups, polymerization through electrolytic oxidation, catalytic polymerization or polymerization through energy beam irradiation is used.

Abstract: At least one monomolecule film is formed on a transparent substrate surface directly or via a protective film. The monomolecule film is formed with chemical coupling of chlorosilane surface active compound, for example, of the formula: F(CF2)m(CH2)nSiRqX3−q where m is an integer of from 1 to 15, n is an integer of from 0 to 15 provided that the total of m and n is an integer of from 10 to 30 and R is an alkyl or an alkoxyl group, or F(CF2)m′(CH2)n′A(CH2)pSiRqX3−q where m represents an integer ranging from 1 to 8, n′ represents an integer ranging from 0 to 2, p represents an integer ranging from 5 to 25, q represents an integer ranging from 0 to 2, X represents a halogen atom or an alkoxyl group, R represents an alkyl or an alkoxyl group, and A represents O, a —COO— or —Si(CH3)2—. The transparent substrate such as glass is made hydrophobic and free of contamination.

Abstract: At least one monomolecule film is formed on a transparent substrate surface directly or via a protective film. The monomolecule film is formed with chemical coupling of chlorosilane surface active compound, for example, of the formula: F(CF2)m(CH2)nSiRqX3—q where m is an integer of from 1 to 15, n is an integer of from 0 to 15 provided that the total of m and n is an integer of from 10 to 30 and R is an alkyl or an alkoxyl group, or F(CF2)m′(CH2)n′A(CH2)pSiRqX3−q where m represents an integer ranging from 1 to 8, n′ represents an integer ranging from 0 to 2, p represents an integer ranging from 5 to 25, q represents an integer ranging from 0 to 2, X represents a halogen atom or an alkoxyl group, R represents an alkyl or an alkoxyl group, and A represents —O—, a —COO— or —Si(CH3)2—. The transparent substrate such as glass is made hydrophobic and free of contamination.

Abstract: A functional member having a molecular layer on its surface, wherein the molecular layer is formed through a coordinate bond, and the coordinate bond is a multidentate bond in which at least one molecule is bonded to one metallic atom of the member and two or more ligands of the molecule are coordinated.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes a reflective film, a recording film and a protective film on a substrate. The protective film is provided with a surface layer on a side opposite to the substrate. On an outer layer of at least one selected from the substrate and the protective film, a hard coat resin layer is formed. On an outer layer of the hard coat resin layer, a chemisorptive film including organic silane molecules represented by the general formula R4-m-nSiR′mZn—(wherein R is a group including a carbon chain with a carbon number of 3 to 25, Z is O, N or S, n is 1, 2 or 3, R′ is hydrogen or an alkyl group with a carbon number of 1 to 3, and m is 0, 1 or 2) is formed by covalent bonding with the hard coat layer.

Abstract: A compound represented by a general formula (1) ABXn (where A is a carbon-containing group; B is at least one element selected from Si, Ge, Sn, Ti and Zr; X is a hydrolyzable group; and n is 1, 2 or 3), for example, a chlorosilane compound having a fluorocarbon group, is measured in an amount required for one time application, and dropped from a nozzle on a surface of a substrate having an active hydrogen on the surface, and simultaneously it is rubbed with a coater made of a sponge or a nonwoven fabric, etc. Furthermore, it is rubbed with a coater made of a sponge or a nonwoven fabric, etc. while blowing a dry warm air, and an elimination reaction is caused between the active hydrogen on the surface of the substrate and the hydrolyzable group of the compound. Thus, the compound is covalently bonded to the substrate. The molecules of the silane compound also are polymerized with one another to be fixed.

Abstract: The present invention provides aligned fine particles that are aligned on a substrate. An organic coating film is bonded to surfaces of the fine particles is formed on the surfaces of the fine particles. An organic coating film bonded to a surface of the substrate is formed on the surface of the substrate. The organic coating film on the surfaces of the fine particles is bonded to the organic coating film on the surface of the substrate, whereby the fine particles are immobilized and aligned on the substrate. Thus, it is possible to align the fine particles of a nanometer scale in a specific direction. When fine magnetic particles are used, a magnetic recording medium for high recording density can be obtained, and a high-density magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus can be provided.

Abstract: At least one monomolecule film is formed on a transparent substrate surface directly or via a protective film.

Abstract: A mold body included in a mold of the invention has a pressing face. A surface treated layer including a compound represented by a general formula, CF3(CZ)nSiXaY3-a, wherein n is an integer of 8 or more; a is 1, 2 or 3; Z are the same or different and selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or non-substituted saturated or unsaturated alkyl group and a substituted or non-substituted aromatic group; X is a halogen atom; and Y is a hydrogen atom or a saturated alkyl group, is formed at least on the pressing face of the mold body.

Abstract: A highly dense chemically adsorbed film is formed by repeating the alternate process of adsorption reaction and washing. Adsorption reaction is directed by contacting the substrate surface, which has or is given an alkali metal or a functional group, with a chemical adsorbent, having halosilyl or alkoxysilyl groups at the end of molecules. An unreacted chemical adsorbent is then washed away from the substrate surface. The alternate treatment of adsorption reaction and washing is repeated, thereby covalently bonding a chemically adsorbed film to the substrate surface.