Abstract: In a TV signal encoder device comprising, for encoding a digital TV signal into an encoder device output signal, both having a predetermined dynamic range, an amplitude limiter, a predictive encoder unit for predictive encoding with quantization an amplitude limited signal of a limited dynamic range into a quantized signal having together with quantization noise the predetermined dynamic range, and a code converter for code converting the quantized signal into the device output signal, a forward offset circuit adaptively gives a forward shift to the TV signal so as to avoid undesirable clipping of tip ends of synchronizing signals in the amplitude limited signal. The forward shift and a lower and a higher range reduction of the predetermined dynamic range into the limited dynamic range are preferably equal to a maximum quantization noise level. Instead of the offset circuit, use of an encoder dynamic range defining circuit is more preferred.

Abstract: A suction air control apparatus of an internal combustion engine which is subjected to an after-start lean-burn control to be operated at a lean mixture ratio rather than a theoretical mixture ratio is provided. According to the apparatus, a smooth operation of the engine in a transitional state when the after-start lean-burn control is canceled is ensured.

Abstract: There is provided an air-fuel ratio control system for an internal combustion engine installed on an automotive vehicle. The control system controls the air-fuel ratio of a mixture supplied to the engine to a value leaner than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio immediately after the start of the engine. Operating conditions of the engine and/or operating conditions of the automotive vehicle are detected. Starting of the vehicle is predicted based on the detected operating conditions of the engine and/or the detected operating conditions of the automotive vehicle. The air-fuel ratio of the mixture supplied to the engine is changed to a richer value than the leaner value when the starting of the vehicle is predicted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sealed battery having a large capacity by using a thin safety valve device so as to increase a volume of a cell element. The sealed battery has a high safety owing to the thin safety valve device having an elastic valve element comprising an ethylene-propylene elastomer and thermoplastic resin particles dispersed in the ethylene-propylene elastomer. The elastic valve element is produced by mixing thermoplastic resin particles with an ethylene-propylene elastomer material, molding the mixture into a predetermined shape and, at the same time, crosslinking the ethylene-propylene elastomer material.

Abstract: The manufacture of a memory cell of the type employing a pair of cross-coupled CMOS inverters of a SRAM is disclosed in which the load MISFETs are stacked above the semiconductor substrate and over the drive MISFETs. The manufacture of each load MISFET consists of forming source, drain and channel regions within the same polycrystalline silicon film, and a gate electrode consisting of a different layer conductive film, such as a polycrystalline film, than that of the drive MISFETs. The manufacture of the memory cell having such a stacked arrangement, facilitates the patterning of the source (drain) region and gate electrode of each load MISFET thereof to have an overlapping relationship with each other so as to increase the effective capacitance associated with each of the memory cell storage nodes.

Abstract: In a television signal transmission system including a transmitter and a receiver, a reference signal has a phase angle between 0.degree. and 360.degree. within a single cycle. The phase angle of the reference signal is successively produced by a phase angle generator and transmitted from the transmitter and is reproduced by the receiver to be compared with a received phase angle. The phase angle is modified by a compensation phase angle obtained from a phase difference in the transmitter and the receiver. The reference signal may be either a color subcarrier signal or a sequence of sampling clocks.

Abstract: A memory cell of the type a pair of cross-coupled CMOS inverters of a SRAM is disclosed in which the load MISFETs are stacked above the semiconductor substrate and over the drive MISFETS. Each load MISFET of a memory cell consists of a source, drain and channel region formed within the same polycrystalline silicon film, and a gate electrode consisting of a different layer conductive film than that of the drive MISFETs. In a memory cell having such a stacked arrangement, the source (drain) region and gate electrode of each load MISFET thereof are patterned to have an overlapping relationship with each other so as to increase the effective capacitance associated with each of the memory cell storage nodes.

Abstract: A method for machining a groove in a sealing member and the edges of the groove. A tool 24 is formed with a top portion 24 having cutter sections 23A, each defining a cutting edge 23 for machining a groove in a scroll wall of a scroll member, and a tapered part 25 having cutter sections 26A, each defining a cutting edge 26 for bevelling the edges of the groove and the edges of the scroll wall. The groove 9 and edges 11 are simultaneously machined.

Abstract: A filter unit comprises a metallic supporting plate possessed of stepped through holes opening with a larger diameter in one main surface and with a smaller diameter in the other main surface (wherein the diameter ratio of larger-diameter openings to smaller-diameter openings is desired to be in the range of 1:0.01 to 1:0.5) or a pressureproof supporting plate having in one surface thereof inclined liquid flow grooves arranged in a radial pattern and concentric circular liquid flow grooves adapted to intersect the radially arranged liquid flow grooves and a membrane filter disposed on the surface of the supporting plate containing larger-diameter openings or liquid flow grooves. This filter unit is ideally used for finely dividing and uniformly sizing suspended lipid particles assuming a definite average particle size and a specific particle size distribution.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine has an air-fuel ratio sensor arranged in the exhaust system. An air-fuel ratio feedback control carried out based on an output from the air-fuel ratio sensor such that an air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine is converged to a desired air-fuel ratio is selected between a high-response feedback control using an adaptive controller of a recurrence formula type and a low-response feedback control with a lower response speed than a response speed of the high-response feedback control. Operating conditions of at least one of the engine and an automotive vehicle on which engine is installed are detected. It is determined whether or not the engine is in an unsteady operating condition in which combustion of the engine undergoes a variation, based on detected operating conditions of at least one of the engine and the vehicle.

Abstract: A memory cell of the type employing a pair of cross-coupled CMOS inverters of a SRAM is disclosed in which the load MISFETs are stacked above the semiconductor substrate and over the drive MISFETs. Each load MISFET of a memory cell consists of a source, drain and channel region formed of a semiconductor strip, such as a polycrystalline silicon film strip, and a gate electrode consisting of a different layer conductive film than that of the drive MISFETs. In a memory cell having such a stacked arrangement, the source region and gate electrode of each load MISFET thereof are patterned to have a widely overlapping relationship with each other to form a capacitor element thereacross such that an increase in the overall capacitance associated with each of the memory cell storage nodes is effected thereby decreasing occurrence of soft error.

Abstract: A mail enclosing and sealing apparatus (50) in which an envelope (1, 200) is pulled out from an envelope guide (54) in an envelope hopper (52) which stacks the envelopes one by one, the envelope being fed to a gripper means (60) displaced on an envelope transferring belt (58) being driven intermittently, and transferred under the movement of the belt (58) while being held by the gripper means (60), with a flap portion being opened at a given position (S2), and is then transferred to a further position (S3), with the envelope (1, 200) being opened by an opening means (62), and an enclosure (66) transferred from an other route (64) being enclosed in the envelope, then the envelope (1, 200) with the enclosure (66) is transferred to a further position (S4), then said envelope (1, 200) being displaced in a direction crossing the flow of the belt (58) and route (64) to be sealed; wherein the position adjustment of the opening means (62) and the adjustment of the side guide widthwise direction control axis (90) for

Abstract: An intake air volume control device of an internal combustion engine capable of adjusting the intake air volume pertinently irrespective of a variation in characteristic such as a deterioration in durability, a variation in an engine water temperature or an intake absolute pressure or the like is provided. An intake air volume control device for an internal combustion engine in which there is provided a throttle opening degree control means for driving a throttle valve arranged in an air intake system of the internal combustion engine and adjusting an intake air volume comprises a target intake air volume calculating means for calculating a target intake air volume Q.sub.IDL in response to an external load of the internal combustion engine, and a target throttle opening degree setting means for setting a target throttle opening degree TH.sub.O in response to the target intake air volume calculated by the target intake air volume calculating means.

Abstract: A method for shaping a scroll member for a scroll compressor, capable of increasing a service life of a cutter tool, while reducing the cost. At the corner between the base plate 2 and a scroll wall, a roundness 3a of a small radius R1 of curvature is first machined along an entire length of the scroll wall in its spiral direction. Then, a roundness 3b of a large radius R2 of curvature is machined only at a spirally inner end of the scroll wall.

Abstract: An X-ray analytical apparatus of a wavelength dispersion type having a construction of essential parts improved using a microprobe of ion beam. An ion beam 10 is controlled to be deflected to scan in a fine region of a sample 3, a characteristic X-ray generated by irradiation of the ion beam is subjected spectro-process by a analyzing element 5 set to a predetermined radius of curvature by a curvature changing mechanism, and an X-ray having a specific wavelength selected by the spectro-process is detected by a proportional counter 7. When an angle of the analyzing element is set by a rotational stage to an incident angle of a specific X-ray determined by a detection element on the sample 3, a wide range of wavelength can be subjected to spectro-measured while the sample 3, the analyzing element 5 and the proportional counter 7 remain fixed in position.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control device for internal-combustion engine which is capable of detecting an abnormality in accelerator pedal angle sensors throughout a range of accelerator pedal angles and continuing operation even when an abnormality is detected. It includes a first accelerator pedal angle sensor for detecting an accelerator pedal angle, a second accelerator pedal angle sensor for detecting the accelerator pedal angle, and a minor selection device for selecting, as the accelerator pedal angle, a lower value of one of the outputs of the first accelerator pedal angle sensor and the second accelerator pedal angle sensor.

Abstract: A device for coping with a sensor abnormal state in an electronic control system in an internal combustion engine in which a predetermined operation control device is controlled in response to detection signals obtained from various engine sensors. The device includes an engine speed sensor and a temperature sensor. A discriminator determines that the temperature sensor is abnormal when a state, in which engine speed N.sub.E is less than a predetermined value n.sub.A and concurrently temperature T.sub.W is less than a predetermined value T.sub.A -.DELTA..sub.A, continues for a predetermined time tm.sub.DT. The detected temperature value T.sub.W is corrected to a larger value provisionally to decrease the rotational speed N.sub.E of the engine when the abnormal state is indicated.

Abstract: An electronic control apparatus for an engine of a vehicle has a first CPU for fuel control which controls the amount of fuel to be supplied to the engine and a second CPU for throttle valve control which outputs a driving signal to an actuator which operates to open or close the throttle valve disposed in an intake pipe to the engine. The apparatus has an opening degree computing member which is provided in the first CPU to compute an opening degree of the throttle valve based at least on an amount of depression of an accelerator and then to output a result thereof as an opening degree signal. The first CPU and the second CPU are connected together by a communication line which transfers the opening degree signal from the opening degree computing member from the first CPU to the second CPU.

Abstract: An apparatus for synthesizing a musical tone comprises a loop circuit for circulating an input wave form signal through a delay circuit, a wave form memory, and a random modulation circuit for modulating the wave form signal stored in the wave form memory. The random modulation circuit generates a random signal, such as a noise signal. The random signal modulates address data to the wave form memory, so that the read wave form data read out from the wave form memory is delicately varied with time.

Abstract: Light is introduced to an inner surface of a fine tube, which is an object for measurement of the inner surface roughness, through a first end of the fine tube at a small angle with respect to a center line of the fine tube and the light emerging from a second end of the fine tube after the light is reflected by multiple reflections within the fine tube is measured to evaluate the roughness of the inner surface of the fine tube. Upon such measurement, the light to be introduced to the first end of the fine tube is converged once on the center line of the fine tube and then diverged again, and the polarization direction of the light to be introduced to the first end of the fine tube is set to an angle equal to or around 90 degrees with respect to the reflection surface of the fine tube. Thus, the roughness of the inner surface of the fine tube can be calculated in accordance with a result of detection of the intensity of emergent light from the fine tube by means of a photo detector.